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Universal Pl\"ucker coordinates for the Wronski map and positivity in real Schubert calculus
Representation Theory · Submitted 9 Sep 2023
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim We solve this problem by providing explicit formulas for the Grassmann-Pl\"ucker coordinates of the general solution $V$, as commuting operators in the group algebra $\mathbb{C}[\mathfrak{S}_n]$ of the symmetric group.
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Given a $d$-dimensional vector space $V \subset \mathbb{C}[u]$ of polynomials, its Wronskian is the polynomial $(u + z_1) \cdots (u + z_n)$ whose zeros $-z_i$ are the points of $\mathbb{C}$ such that $V$ contains a nonzero polynomial with a zero of order at least $d$ at $-z_i$. Equivalently, $V$ is a solution to the Schubert problem defined by osculating planes to the moment curve at $z_1, \dots, z_n$. The inverse Wronski problem involves finding all $V$ with a given Wronskian $(u + z_1) \cdots (u + z_n)$. We solve this problem by providing explicit formulas for the Grassmann-Pl\"ucker coordinates of the general solution $V$, as commuting operators in the group algebra $\mathbb{C}[\mathfrak{S}_n]$ of the symmetric group. The Pl\"ucker coordinates of individual solutions over $\mathbb{C}$ are obtained by restricting to an eigenspace and replacing each operator by its eigenvalue. This generalizes work of Mukhin, Tarasov, and Varchenko (2013) and of Purbhoo (2022), which give formulas in $\mathbb{C}[\mathfrak{S}_n]$ for the differential equation satisfied by $V$. Moreover, if $z_1, \dots, z_n$ are real and nonnegative, then our operators are positive semidefinite, implying that the Pl\"ucker coordinates of $V$ are all real and nonnegative. This verifies several outstanding conjectures in real Schubert calculus, including the positivity conjectures of Mukhin and Tarasov (2017) and of Karp (2021), the disconjugacy conjecture of Eremenko (2015), and the divisor form of the secant conjecture of Sottile (2003). The proofs involve the representation theory of $\mathfrak{S}_n$, symmetric functions, and $\tau$-functions of the KP hierarchy.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Given a $d$-dimensional vector space $V \subset \mathbb{C}[u]$ of polynomials, its Wronskian is the polynomial $(u + z_1) \cdots (u + z_n)$ whose zeros $-z_i$ are the points of $\mathbb{C}$ such that $V$ contains a nonzero polynomial with a zero of order at least $d$ at $-z_i$. | background 1.00 | 0.12 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | Equivalently, $V$ is a solution to the Schubert problem defined by osculating planes to the moment curve at $z_1, \dots, z_n$. | background 0.91 | 0.09 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | The inverse Wronski problem involves finding all $V$ with a given Wronskian $(u + z_1) \cdots (u + z_n)$. | background 0.97 | 0.07 | 0.03 | asserted 0.98 |
| s3 | We solve this problem by providing explicit formulas for the Grassmann-Pl\"ucker coordinates of the general solution $V$, as commuting operators in the group algebra $\mathbb{C}[\mathfrak{S}_n]$ of the symmetric group. | contribution 0.88 | 0.96 | 0.66 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | The Pl\"ucker coordinates of individual solutions over $\mathbb{C}$ are obtained by restricting to an eigenspace and replacing each operator by its eigenvalue. | method 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.10 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | This generalizes work of Mukhin, Tarasov, and Varchenko (2013) and of Purbhoo (2022), which give formulas in $\mathbb{C}[\mathfrak{S}_n]$ for the differential equation satisfied by $V$. | background 0.77 | 0.16 | 0.06 | asserted 1.00 |
| s6 | Moreover, if $z_1, \dots, z_n$ are real and nonnegative, then our operators are positive semidefinite, implying that the Pl\"ucker coordinates of $V$ are all real and nonnegative. | result 0.78 | 0.90 | 0.27 | asserted 1.00 |
| s7 | This verifies several outstanding conjectures in real Schubert calculus, including the positivity conjectures of Mukhin and Tarasov (2017) and of Karp (2021), the disconjugacy conjecture of Eremenko (2015), and the divisor form of the secant conjecture of Sottile (2003). | interpretation 0.74 | 0.81 | 0.52 | asserted 1.00 |
| s8 | The proofs involve the representation theory of $\mathfrak{S}_n$, symmetric functions, and $\tau$-functions of the KP hierarchy. | method 1.00 | 0.79 | 0.04 | asserted 1.00 |
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Original abstract
Given a $d$-dimensional vector space $V \subset \mathbb{C}[u]$ of polynomials, its Wronskian is the polynomial $(u + z_1) \cdots (u + z_n)$ whose zeros $-z_i$ are the points of $\mathbb{C}$ such that $V$ contains a nonzero polynomial with a zero of order at least $d$ at $-z_i$. Equivalently, $V$ is a solution to the Schubert problem defined by osculating planes to the moment curve at $z_1, \dots, z_n$. The inverse Wronski problem involves finding all $V$ with a given Wronskian $(u + z_1) \cdots (u + z_n)$. We solve this problem by providing explicit formulas for the Grassmann-Pl\"ucker coordinates of the general solution $V$, as commuting operators in the group algebra $\mathbb{C}[\mathfrak{S}_n]$ of the symmetric group. The Pl\"ucker coordinates of individual solutions over $\mathbb{C}$ are obtained by restricting to an eigenspace and replacing each operator by its eigenvalue. This generalizes work of Mukhin, Tarasov, and Varchenko (2013) and of Purbhoo (2022), which give formulas in $\mathbb{C}[\mathfrak{S}_n]$ for the differential equation satisfied by $V$. Moreover, if $z_1, \dots, z_n$ are real and nonnegative, then our operators are positive semidefinite, implying that the Pl\"ucker coordinates of $V$ are all real and nonnegative. This verifies several outstanding conjectures in real Schubert calculus, including the positivity conjectures of Mukhin and Tarasov (2017) and of Karp (2021), the disconjugacy conjecture of Eremenko (2015), and the divisor form of the secant conjecture of Sottile (2003). The proofs involve the representation theory of $\mathfrak{S}_n$, symmetric functions, and $\tau$-functions of the KP hierarchy.
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A Plücker expansion formula for the Wronskian appears in the work of Purbhoo [ref] , with applications to Schubert calculus; see also [ref] and [ref] .
Some Remarks on Hessians and Wronskians · Introduction · 0.84
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