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HuntGPT: Integrating Machine Learning-Based Anomaly Detection and Explainable AI with Large Language Models (LLMs)

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arxiv 2309.16021 v1 pith:XN5GX2OT submitted 2023-09-27 cs.CR

classification cs.CR
keywords detectionexplainableacceptanceanomalyhuntgptinformationintegratingintrusion
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Machine learning (ML) is crucial in network anomaly detection for proactive threat hunting, reducing detection and response times significantly. However, challenges in model training, maintenance, and frequent false positives impact its acceptance and reliability. Explainable AI (XAI) attempts to mitigate these issues, allowing cybersecurity teams to assess AI-generated alerts with confidence, but has seen limited acceptance from incident responders. Large Language Models (LLMs) present a solution through discerning patterns in extensive information and adapting to different functional requirements. We present HuntGPT, a specialized intrusion detection dashboard applying a Random Forest classifier using the KDD99 dataset, integrating XAI frameworks like SHAP and Lime for user-friendly and intuitive model interaction, and combined with a GPT-3.5 Turbo, it delivers threats in an understandable format. The paper delves into the system's architecture, components, and technical accuracy, assessed through Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Practice Exams, evaluating response quality across six metrics. The results demonstrate that conversational agents, supported by LLM and integrated with XAI, provide robust, explainable, and actionable AI solutions in intrusion detection, enhancing user understanding and interactive experience.

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Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Cybersecurity Detection Classification with Reasoning-enabled Language Models

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    CoT-trained triage plus a separate reasoning calibrator reaches 82.6% accuracy and large high-confidence recall gains over direct-label LLM classifiers on real SOC detections.

  2. Distilling Knowledge from Large Language Models into Lightweight Reinforcement Learning Agents for Autonomous Cyber Operations

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    LLM cyber-defense policies, obtained by prompt engineering alone, can be behavior-cloned into a 64,910-parameter RL agent that matches a heavily trained PPO baseline in the CybORG simulator.

  3. (EC)2: Event-Centric Explainability for Cybersecurity Through Multi-Agent LLM Investigations

    cs.CR 2026-07 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    An event-centric, multi-agent LLM framework explains network alerts through hypothesis-driven, retrieval-augmented investigation and claims to improve explanation quality and boundary-case classification.

  4. ThreatVisionAI: A Hybrid CNN-ViT Framework for Image-Based Malware Classification

    cs.CR 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.5 of 10

    A three-branch CNN-wavelet-ViT ensemble with soft voting reaches 98.01% accuracy and 0.9742 weighted F1 on Malimg, with wavelet features improving discrimination of similar families.

  5. Large Language Models for Security Operations Centers: A Comprehensive Survey

    cs.CR 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A systematic review of 138 papers classifying LLM applications in SOC workflows by phase, model family, datasets, and maturity.

  6. Large Language Models in Cybersecurity: Applications, Vulnerabilities, and Defense Techniques

    cs.CR 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A survey that maps LLM applications, vulnerabilities, and defenses across eight cybersecurity domains, but with significant citation and rigor problems.

  7. Large Language Models for Network Intrusion Detection Systems: Foundations, Implementations, and Future Directions

    cs.CR 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A survey of LLM-based network intrusion detection that proposes a cognitive NIDS taxonomy and an LLM-centered controller architecture.

  8. AnomalyExplainer Explainable AI for LLM-based anomaly detection using BERTViz and Captum

    cs.LG 2025-08 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A chatbot that classifies HDFS log lines with fine-tuned RoBERTa and provides BERTViz/Captum visual explanations was benchmarked and tested with 13 users.

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