A dark siren measurement of the Hubble constant using gravitational wave events from the first three LIGO/Virgo observing runs and DELVE

A. B. Pace; A. Drlica-Wagner; A. H. Riley; A. Palmese; B. Mutlu-Pakdil; C. E. Mart\'inez-V\'azquez; C. R. Bom; D. J. Sand; G. E. Medina; G. Limberg

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A dark siren measurement of the Hubble constant using gravitational wave events from the first three LIGO/Virgo observing runs and DELVE

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Submitted 20 Oct 2023

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim This demonstrates that the inclusion of well-localized dark sirens in such analysis improves the precision with which cosmological measurements can be made.

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arXiv ID2310.13695 (version 2)

Pith IDHVHLTZDD, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationA. B. Pace, A. Drlica-Wagner, A. H. Riley, A. Palmese, B. Mutlu-Pakdil, C. E. Mart\'inez-V\'azquez, C. R. Bom, D. J. Sand, G. E. Medina, G. Limberg, G. S. Stringfellow, G. Teixeira, J. A. Carballo-Bello, J. D. Sakowska, J. Esteves, J. F. Wu, L. Santana-Silva, N. E. D. No\"el, V. Alfradique, Y. Choi. "A dark siren measurement of the Hubble constant using gravitational wave events from the first three LIGO/Virgo observing runs and DELVE." arXiv:2310.13695 (2023). https://pith.science/paper/HVHLTZDD

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 8,074 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.45 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.72 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.99 · compares with prior results 0.97 · mentions code or data availability 0.03.

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The current and next observation seasons will detect hundreds of gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary systems coalescence at cosmological distances. When combined with independent electromagnetic measurements, the source redshift will be known, and we will be able to obtain precise measurements of the Hubble constant $H_0$ via the distance-redshift relation. However, most observed mergers are not expected to have electromagnetic counterparts, which prevents a direct redshift measurement. In this scenario, one of the possibilities is to use the dark sirens method that statistically marginalizes over all the potential host galaxies within the GW location volume to provide a probabilistic redshift to the source. Here we presented $H_{0}$ measurements using two new dark sirens compared to previous analyses using DECam data, GW190924$\_$021846 and GW200202$\_$154313. The photometric redshifts of the possible host galaxies of these two events are acquired from the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey (DELVE) carried out on the Blanco telescope at Cerro Tololo in Chile. The combination of the $H_0$ posterior from GW190924$\_$021846 and GW200202$\_$154313 together with the bright siren GW170817 leads to $H_{0} = 68.84^{+15.51}_{-7.74}\, \rm{km/s/Mpc}$. Including these two dark sirens improves the 68% confidence interval (CI) by 7% over GW170817 alone. This demonstrates that the inclusion of well-localized dark sirens in such analysis improves the precision with which cosmological measurements can be made. Using a sample containing 10 well-localized dark sirens observed during the third LIGO/Virgo observation run, we determine a measurement of $H_{0} = 76.00^{+17.64}_{-13.45}\, \rm{km /s/Mpc}$.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	The current and next observation seasons will detect hundreds of gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary systems coalescence at cosmological distances.	background 0.99	0.07	0.02	asserted 0.86
s1	When combined with independent electromagnetic measurements, the source redshift will be known, and we will be able to obtain precise measurements of the Hubble constant $H_0$ via the distance-redshift relation.	background 0.98	0.06	0.04	asserted 0.52
s2	However, most observed mergers are not expected to have electromagnetic counterparts, which prevents a direct redshift measurement.	background 0.68	0.07	0.02	hedged possibility 0.54
s3	In this scenario, one of the possibilities is to use the dark sirens method that statistically marginalizes over all the potential host galaxies within the GW location volume to provide a probabilistic redshift to the source.	method 0.58	0.07	0.05	hedged possibility 0.99
s4	Here we presented $H_{0}$ measurements using two new dark sirens compared to previous analyses using DECam data, GW190924$\_$021846 and GW200202$\_$154313.	contribution 0.98	0.94	0.12	asserted 1.00
s5	The photometric redshifts of the possible host galaxies of these two events are acquired from the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey (DELVE) carried out on the Blanco telescope at Cerro Tololo in Chile.	method 0.99	0.46	0.02	asserted 1.00
s6	The combination of the $H_0$ posterior from GW190924$\_$021846 and GW200202$\_$154313 together with the bright siren GW170817 leads to $H_{0} = 68.84^{+15.51}_{-7.74}\, \rm{km/s/Mpc}$.	result 1.00	0.93	0.35	asserted 1.00
s7	Including these two dark sirens improves the 68% confidence interval (CI) by 7% over GW170817 alone.	result 0.90	0.94	0.19	asserted 1.00
s8	This demonstrates that the inclusion of well-localized dark sirens in such analysis improves the precision with which cosmological measurements can be made.	interpretation 1.00	0.71	0.60	asserted 1.00
s9	Using a sample containing 10 well-localized dark sirens observed during the third LIGO/Virgo observation run, we determine a measurement of $H_{0} = 76.00^{+17.64}_{-13.45}\, \rm{km /s/Mpc}$.	result 1.00	0.94	0.19	asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: empirical study 1.00 · evidence from analysis of existing data 0.95.

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not examined

full text
figures and tables
references and citing sentences
relations to other papers

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T body sentences
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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

The current and next observation seasons will detect hundreds of gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary systems coalescence at cosmological distances. When combined with independent electromagnetic measurements, the source redshift will be known, and we will be able to obtain precise measurements of the Hubble constant $H_0$ via the distance-redshift relation. However, most observed mergers are not expected to have electromagnetic counterparts, which prevents a direct redshift measurement. In this scenario, one of the possibilities is to use the dark sirens method that statistically marginalizes over all the potential host galaxies within the GW location volume to provide a probabilistic redshift to the source. Here we presented $H_{0}$ measurements using two new dark sirens compared to previous analyses using DECam data, GW190924$\_$021846 and GW200202$\_$154313. The photometric redshifts of the possible host galaxies of these two events are acquired from the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey (DELVE) carried out on the Blanco telescope at Cerro Tololo in Chile. The combination of the $H_0$ posterior from GW190924$\_$021846 and GW200202$\_$154313 together with the bright siren GW170817 leads to $H_{0} = 68.84^{+15.51}_{-7.74}\, \rm{km/s/Mpc}$. Including these two dark sirens improves the 68% confidence interval (CI) by 7% over GW170817 alone. This demonstrates that the inclusion of well-localized dark sirens in such analysis improves the precision with which cosmological measurements can be made. Using a sample containing 10 well-localized dark sirens observed during the third LIGO/Virgo observation run, we determine a measurement of $H_{0} = 76.00^{+17.64}_{-13.45}\, \rm{km /s/Mpc}$.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

CosmoPyro: Gradients for Gravitational-Wave Cosmology
astro-ph.CO 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

CosmoPyro, a fully differentiable hierarchical Bayesian code, uses one- and two-dimensional Gaussian processes for the black hole mass distribution and infers h=0.66 and h=0.57 from GWTC-5, consistent with LVK results.
The Impact of Inclination, Redshift, and Mass Ratio Selection on Cosmological Constraints from Bright Sirens Beyond Conventional Fisher Approximations
astro-ph.CO 2026-10 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

A simulation study showing that Hubble constant precision from bright sirens improves with sample size, but matter density constraints require deep redshift coverage.
A robust cosmic standard ruler from the cross-correlations of galaxies and dark sirens
astro-ph.CO 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Cross-correlating dark siren distances with galaxy redshifts, the 'Peak Sirens' method traces the Hubble diagram, forecasting 7% H0 precision for LVK O5 and sub-percent for next-generation detectors.

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5 arXiv papers cite this in 5 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 3 sentences without a confident label

Uses its data or values 1 paper

The inclusion of dark sirens (objects without EM counterpart) leads to the following results: $H_0=76.00^+17.64_-13.45$ km/s/Mpc for 10 well-localized dark sirens and GW170817 [ref] and $H_0=72.77^+11.0_-7.55$ for 8 dark sirens and GW170817 [ref] .

Studying the Supernova Absolute Magnitude Constancy with Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations · The tensions in cosmology · 0.92

Compares with it 1 paper

If, instead, we fix $Ω_m$ and vary only $H_0$, as often done in current dark siren analyses, we obtain $H_0 =70.4 ±3.0$, which significantly outperforms the constraints obtained with the GWTC-3 [ref] dataset which have $σ(H_0) ≃15$.

A robust cosmic standard ruler from the cross-correlations of galaxies and dark sirens · Forecasts for cosmological parameters · 0.97

What it cites · 4 sentences without a confident label

Uses the method or tool of 1 paper

Following the work of [ref] , the LMU layer is included to more efficiently assign galaxies to redshift bins, selecting relevant information from previous data while simultaneously removing expendable data.

The LSST-DESC 3x2pt Tomography Optimization Challenge · The galaxies photo-z's: a deep learning algorithm for DELVE data · 0.91

Uses data or values from 1 paper

For these two added events, we used the gravitational wave data from the maps publicly available by the LIGO and Virgo collaboration in [ref] and [ref] .

GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run · LIGO and Virgo data: gravitational wave events · 0.97

Compares with 1 paper

The combination of GW190924$_$021846, GW200202$_$154313, and GW170817 gives $H_0 = 68.84^+15.51_-7.74 km/s/Mpc$, which is in agreement with the recently presented results in [ref] , $H_0 = 68^+8_-6 km/s/Mpc$, that used 47 dark sirens (43 BBH, 2 BNS, and 2 NSBH) from the third LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA GW transient catalog [ref] with GLADE+ galaxy catalogs [ref] .

GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run · Results and Discussion · 0.96

Cites as background 1 paper

With more interferometers in operation (like the Einstein Telescope [ref] , Cosmic Explorer [ref] and the LISA space interferometer [ref] ), it is possible that in the next years more standard sirens will be identified which can lead to a $H_0$ measurement with precision in the same order as what is achieved with other cosmological probes such as the cosmological microwave background (CMB) [ref] and the Cepheid [ref] or Red Giant Branch [ref] -calibrated type Ia supernovae.

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna · Introduction · 0.86

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