RECORD
Loss Allocation in Submarine Armored Three-core HVAC Power Cables
Systems and Control · Submitted 24 Jan 2024
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim The new loss expressions were successfully applied to a second set of 645 armored cables of quite diverse features (voltages from 10 to 275 kV, sections and dimensional parameters), hence bringing a general framework for any kind of three-core armored cable.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
Loss allocation of the three different components (conductor, sheaths and armor) of solidly bonded three-core separated lead-sheathed armored cables, frequently employed in offshore wind farms, is challenging due to the lack of accurate enough analytical expressions in the IEC standard. Also, loss allocation through experimental tests leads to inaccurate results since it is based on questionable assumptions. This paper improves both the IEC formulae and experimental methods by means of different analytical corrections in the conductor and sheath loss expressions. To this aim, an ad hoc application interface (Virtual Lab) based on 3D numerical simulations (finite element method) has been developed. This tool virtualizes and automates different test setups to emulate, in few seconds, the most employed experimental procedures in this type of cable. The analytical corrections have been derived from an in-depth analysis of a first set of 368 cables, ranging from 30 to 275 kV. The new loss expressions were successfully applied to a second set of 645 armored cables of quite diverse features (voltages from 10 to 275 kV, sections and dimensional parameters), hence bringing a general framework for any kind of three-core armored cable.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | Loss allocation of the three different components (conductor, sheaths and armor) of solidly bonded three-core separated lead-sheathed armored cables, frequently employed in offshore wind farms, is challenging due to the lack of accurate enough analytical expressions in the IEC standard. | background 0.63 | 0.07 | 0.04 | asserted 1.00 |
| s1 | Also, loss allocation through experimental tests leads to inaccurate results since it is based on questionable assumptions. | background 0.49 | 0.13 | 0.03 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | This paper improves both the IEC formulae and experimental methods by means of different analytical corrections in the conductor and sheath loss expressions. | contribution 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.28 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | To this aim, an ad hoc application interface (Virtual Lab) based on 3D numerical simulations (finite element method) has been developed. | method 0.81 | 0.94 | 0.04 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | This tool virtualizes and automates different test setups to emulate, in few seconds, the most employed experimental procedures in this type of cable. | method 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.05 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | The analytical corrections have been derived from an in-depth analysis of a first set of 368 cables, ranging from 30 to 275 kV. | method 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.06 | asserted 1.00 |
| s6 | The new loss expressions were successfully applied to a second set of 645 armored cables of quite diverse features (voltages from 10 to 275 kV, sections and dimensional parameters), hence bringing a general framework for any kind of three-core armored cable. | result 0.69 | 0.93 | 0.61 | asserted 1.00 |
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The paper
Original abstract
Loss allocation of the three different components (conductor, sheaths and armor) of solidly bonded three-core separated lead-sheathed armored cables, frequently employed in offshore wind farms, is challenging due to the lack of accurate enough analytical expressions in the IEC standard. Also, loss allocation through experimental tests leads to inaccurate results since it is based on questionable assumptions. This paper improves both the IEC formulae and experimental methods by means of different analytical corrections in the conductor and sheath loss expressions. To this aim, an ad hoc application interface (Virtual Lab) based on 3D numerical simulations (finite element method) has been developed. This tool virtualizes and automates different test setups to emulate, in few seconds, the most employed experimental procedures in this type of cable. The analytical corrections have been derived from an in-depth analysis of a first set of 368 cables, ranging from 30 to 275 kV. The new loss expressions were successfully applied to a second set of 645 armored cables of quite diverse features (voltages from 10 to 275 kV, sections and dimensional parameters), hence bringing a general framework for any kind of three-core armored cable.
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