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Towards Uncertainty-Aware Language Agent

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arxiv 2401.14016 v3 pith:JTML4XVF submitted 2024-01-25 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords agentlanguageexternalualauncertaintyworldcompareduncertainty-aware
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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While Language Agents have achieved promising success by placing Large Language Models at the core of a more versatile design that dynamically interacts with the external world, the existing approaches neglect the notion of uncertainty during these interactions. We present the Uncertainty-Aware Language Agent (UALA), a framework that orchestrates the interaction between the agent and the external world using uncertainty quantification. Compared with other well-known counterparts like ReAct, our extensive experiments across 3 representative tasks (HotpotQA, StrategyQA, MMLU) and various LLM sizes demonstrate that UALA brings a significant improvement of performance, while having a substantially lower reliance on the external world (i.e., reduced number of tool calls and tokens). Our analyses provide various insights including the great potential of UALA compared with agent fine-tuning, and underscore the unreliability of verbalised confidence of LLMs as a proxy for uncertainty.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. From Cognitive Architectures to Language Agents: A Mechanism-Level Review of Lineage, Convergence, and Migration Gaps

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Coding each mechanism for evidence of lineage and implementation depth, the review closes one candidate gap (GraSP) and isolates five residual control bundles for language agents.

  2. Towards Agents That Know When They Don't Know: Uncertainty as a Control Signal for Structured Reasoning

    cs.AI 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    An LLM agent using retrieval and summary uncertainty as training rewards and inference filters produces more factual, useful multi-omics summaries and better downstream survival predictions.

  3. ProactiveVA: Proactive Visual Analytics with LLM-Based UI Agent

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    An LLM-based UI agent monitors visual analytics interactions, detects when users struggle, infers their intent, and proactively provides context-aware guidance.

  4. Maximizing Confidence Alone Improves Reasoning

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Reinforcement learning with a reward equal to the negative entropy of the model's own token distribution improves benchmark accuracy without any labeled answers.

  5. Trustworthy Agents for Electronic Health Records through Confidence Estimation

    cs.AI 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    TrustEHRAgent, an EHR assistant with step-by-step confidence checks, scores 44% and 25% accuracy on MIMIC-III and eICU when only answers it is 70% confident in are counted, while baseline methods score 0%.

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