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Learning to Trust Your Feelings: Leveraging Self-awareness in LLMs for Hallucination Mitigation

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arxiv 2401.15449 v1 pith:V7IF3ZSU submitted 2024-01-27 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords knowledgellmsinternalfactualhallucinationlearningmodelsstate
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We evaluate the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to discern and express their internal knowledge state, a key factor in countering factual hallucination and ensuring reliable application of LLMs. We observe a robust self-awareness of internal knowledge state in LLMs, evidenced by over 85% accuracy in knowledge probing. However, LLMs often fail to express their internal knowledge during generation, leading to factual hallucinations. We develop an automated hallucination annotation tool, Dreamcatcher, which merges knowledge probing and consistency checking methods to rank factual preference data. Using knowledge preference as reward, We propose a Reinforcement Learning from Knowledge Feedback (RLKF) training framework, leveraging reinforcement learning to enhance the factuality and honesty of LLMs. Our experiments across multiple models show that RLKF training effectively enhances the ability of models to utilize their internal knowledge state, boosting performance in a variety of knowledge-based and honesty-related tasks.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Shaking to Reveal: Perturbation-Based Detection of LLM Hallucinations

    cs.AI 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    SSP adds a learned, sample-specific noise prompt to an LLM input and scores hallucination by the cosine shift in intermediate representations, outperforming output-confidence baselines on QA benchmarks.

  2. Self-Route: Automatic Mode Switching via Capability Estimation for Efficient Reasoning

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Self-Route uses hidden-layer representations from a brief pre-inference plan to route each question to either short or long chain-of-thought, cutting tokens by 30-55% with under 2% accuracy loss.

  3. Not All Needles Are Found: How Fact Distribution and Don't Make It Up Prompts Shape Retrieval, Reasoning, and Hallucination in Long-Context LLMs

    cs.CL 2026-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    On a new extended needle-in-a-haystack benchmark, explicit anti-hallucination prompts and dispersed fact placement cause some long-context LLMs to over-refuse or collapse in accuracy, while others remain robust.

  4. Toward Embodied AGI: A Review of Embodied AI and the Road Ahead

    cs.AI 2025-05 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

    Embodied AI today sits between Level 1 and Level 2 on a new five-level roadmap toward all-purpose humanlike robots.

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