Coupling of quantum-dot states via elastic-cotunneling and crossed Andreev reflection in a minimal Kitaev chain

Recently, exciting progress has been made in using the superconducting nanowires coupled to gate-defined quantum dots (QDs) to mimic the Kiteav chain and realize the Majorana-bound states via a poor man's route. The essential ingredient is to balance the interdot elastic-cotunneling (ECT) and crossed Andreev reflection (CAR). As theoretically proposed, this can be mediated by the Andreev bound states (ABSs) formed in the superconducting nanowires. However, most of the gate-tuning asymmetric features observed in experiments can not be captured using the current theoretical models. To address this insufficiency, here, we consider a full model that explicitly includes all the details of both the QD states and the ABSs. Remarkable agreement is found with the recent experimental observations, where our model correctly reveals the gate-tuning asymmetry in ECTs and by which the average QD state energy can also be extracted. In contrast, CARs do not depend on the tuning of QD states. Moreover, armed with the tunability of ECTs and CARs with QD states, we also predict a controllable anisotropic superexchange interaction between electron spins in the two separated QDs.