A-upper motives of reductive groups

Given a prime number $p$, we perform the study of Chow motives and motivic decompositions, with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$, of projective homogeneous varieties for $p'$-inner $p$-consistent reductive algebraic groups. Assorted with the known case of $p$-inner reductive groups, our results cover all absolutely simple groups of type not $^3\!D_4$ or $^6\!D_4$, among other examples. First, we define the A-upper motives of such a reductive group $G$; they are indecomposable motives, naturally related to Artin motives built out of spectra of subextensions of a minimal extension over which $G$ become of inner type. With this in hand, we carry on the qualitative study of motivic decompositions for projective $G$-homogeneous varieties. Providing geometric isomorphism criteria for A-upper motives, we obtain a classification of motives of projective $G$-homogeneous varieties, by means of their higher Artin-Tate traces. We also show that the higher Tits $p$-indexes of the group $G$ determine its motivic equivalence class.