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Interacting supernovae
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Modern photometric surveys of the sky suggest that many, perhaps most supernovae (SNe) associated with the explosion of massive stars are influenced at an appreciable level by their interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). The photometric and spectroscopic diversity of these transients point to a wide range of CSM properties in terms of mass, extent, composition, and location relative to the exploding star, suggesting progenitors that cover from standard to the most extreme mass loss rates. Surveys at high-cadence catch massive stars at shock breakout and inform us on the immediate mass loss history before core collapse. In contrast, long-term monitoring of these SNe cover the transition to the birth of a SN remnant and document the progenitor mass loss that took place centuries to millennia before explosion. Interacting SNe are therefore not just extraordinary astrophysical laboratories to study radiation-dominated shocks and probe the distant Universe, they also open the path to novel and fundamental studies on stellar evolution, stellar stability, or mass loss in single and binary massive stars.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Same explosion, many faces: numerical modeling reveals viewing angle as a driver of diversity for core-collapse SNe in binary systems
Stable Roche-lobe overflow builds equatorially enhanced CSM so that one CCSN explosion yields light curves differing by factors of ~5 in peak luminosity and ~1.5 mag in late B−V by viewing angle, biasing 1D spherical ...
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Same explosion, many faces: numerical modeling reveals viewing angle as a driver of diversity for core-collapse SNe in binary systems
Viewing angle through binary-shaped gas can change a supernova's peak brightness by about a factor of five and badly bias one-dimensional inferences of mass loss.
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Giant outbursts of clumpy material preceding Type II supernova 2024qiw
SN 2024qiw exhibits evidence of multiple major pre-explosion eruptions of clumpy circumstellar material at rates of at least 0.01 solar masses per year, implying LBV-like activity immediately before a Type II supernova.
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SN 2019vxm: A luminous and long-lived Type IIn supernova with early flash-ionisation features
SN 2019vxm is a luminous, long-lived Type IIn supernova showing early flash-ionization features, a power-law bolometric light curve, and mid-IR dust formation, with a progenitor mass-loss rate lower limit of at least ...
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Two years of shock interaction tracing three phases of evolution: the explosion of a Type IIn supernova, SN 2019vxm
Multi-wavelength observations of SN 2019vxm trace three phases of shock interaction in a Type IIn supernova, estimating CSM mass of 3-8 solar masses and ejecta mass of ~3.88 solar masses with late-time dust signatures.
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Evolved massive stars and their impact on their environment
Perspective paper on the importance of circumstellar environments around evolved massive stars for supernova studies and the observational advances expected from the Square Kilometre Array.
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