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Automatic Domain Adaptation by Transformers in In-Context Learning

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arxiv 2405.16819 v1 pith:RFWHWYHZ submitted 2024-05-27 cs.LG stat.ML

classification cs.LGstat.ML
keywords adaptationdomaingivenin-contextlearningalgorithmapproximatedataset
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Selecting or designing an appropriate domain adaptation algorithm for a given problem remains challenging. This paper presents a Transformer model that can provably approximate and opt for domain adaptation methods for a given dataset in the in-context learning framework, where a foundation model performs new tasks without updating its parameters at test time. Specifically, we prove that Transformers can approximate instance-based and feature-based unsupervised domain adaptation algorithms and automatically select an algorithm suited for a given dataset. Numerical results indicate that in-context learning demonstrates an adaptive domain adaptation surpassing existing methods.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. A Unified Framework for In-Context Learning with Causal and Masked Language Models

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Masked and causal pretraining yield same-order k-shot excess-risk bounds under Wasserstein regularity, and a Masked Pair Encoder matches GPT-2-style ICL on synthetic function classes.

  2. Transformers Meet In-Context Learning: A Universal Approximation Theory

    cs.LG 2025-06 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    A constructive theorem shows that transformers can perform in-context learning for any Barron-type function class by combining universal features with an emulated Lasso solver.

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