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Topological structures, dark matter and gravitational waves in $E_6$

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arxiv 2406.06308 v2 pith:4YS4FEQ7 submitted 2024-06-10 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

Rinku Maji , Qaisar Shafi , Amit Tiwari This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords stringsmetastablebreakingstablecosmicdarkdiscussdomain
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abstract

We discuss the appearance of topological structures from the spontaneous breaking of $E_6$ to the Standard Model via its maximal subgroup $SO(10) \times U(1)_\psi$. They include dumbbells, metastable strings, as well as domain walls bounded by necklaces. We provide a novel scenario for producing metastable strings based on the symmetry breaking $U(1)_\psi \longrightarrow Z_8 \longrightarrow Z_4$. The metastable string arises from the merger of $Z_8$ strings that bound a domain wall. An unbroken gauge $Z_2$ symmetry from $SO(10)$ breaking yields viable stable dark matter candidates as well as topologically stable strings. We discuss the gravitational wave emission from two varieties of cosmic strings, namely the superheavy metastable ones and the intermediate scale topologically stable cosmic strings.

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Forward citations

Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. One-Dimensional Simulations of the Topological Defects in a 3:1 $U(1)$ Model

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In a 3:1 U(1) model, the Z3 domain wall develops a growing bias angle beta as v1/v2 is lowered, and no static wall exists below R12 ≈ 0.768.

  2. Magnetic monopoles and high frequency gravitational waves from quasi-stable strings

    hep-ph 2026-03 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    SO(10) breaking through flipped SU(5) or Pati-Salam subgroups can produce GUT monopoles from merging monopole-antimonopole pairs, while the intervening quasi-stable strings emit gravitational waves from Hz to kHz.

  3. C-parity, magnetic monopoles and higher frequency gravitational waves

    hep-ph 2025-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    The C-string-wall network from SO(10) breaking with unbroken C-parity produces a gravitational wave background peaking between 100 Hz and 100 kHz for intermediate breaking scales around 10^10 to 10^12 GeV.

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