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HD 21520 b: a warm sub-Neptune transiting a bright G dwarf

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arxiv 2406.09595 v1 pith:NLPHIX7O submitted 2024-06-13 astro-ph.EP

classification astro-ph.EP
keywords brightoplusplanetdaysdwarfmassperiodradial
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We report the discovery and validation of HD 21520 b, a transiting planet found with TESS and orbiting a bright G dwarf (V=9.2, $T_{eff} = 5871 \pm 62$ K, $R_{\star} = 1.04\pm 0.02\, R_{\odot}$). HD 21520 b was originally alerted as a system (TOI-4320) consisting of two planet candidates with periods of 703.6 and 46.4 days. However, our analysis supports instead a single-planet system with an orbital period of $25.1292\pm0.0001$ days and radius of $2.70 \pm 0.09\, R_{\oplus}$. Three full transits in sectors 4, 30 and 31 match this period and have transit depths and durations in agreement with each other, as does a partial transit in sector 3. We also observe transits using CHEOPS and LCOGT. SOAR and Gemini high-resolution imaging do not indicate the presence of any nearby companions, and MINERVA-Australis and CORALIE radial velocities rule out an on-target spectroscopic binary. Additionally, we use ESPRESSO radial velocities to obtain a tentative mass measurement of $7.9^{+3.2}_{-3.0}\, M_{\oplus}$, with a 3-$\sigma$ upper limit of 17.7 $M_{\oplus}$. Due to the bright nature of its host and likely significant gas envelope of the planet, HD 21520 b is a promising candidate for further mass measurements and for atmospheric characterization.

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  1. High five from ASTEP: Three validated planets and two eclipsing binaries in a diverse set of long-period candidates

    astro-ph.EP 2025-10 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    Three TESS long-period candidates (TOI-4507b, TOI-3457b, TOI-707b) are validated as planets and two (TOI-2404, TOI-4404) are identified as eclipsing binaries.

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