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TRIP-PAL: Travel Planning with Guarantees by Combining Large Language Models and Automated Planners

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arxiv 2406.10196 v1 pith:ZQBCDUSF submitted 2024-06-14 cs.AI

classification cs.AI
keywords travelinformationlanguageplannersplansautomatedgeneratellms
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Travel planning is a complex task that involves generating a sequence of actions related to visiting places subject to constraints and maximizing some user satisfaction criteria. Traditional approaches rely on problem formulation in a given formal language, extracting relevant travel information from web sources, and use an adequate problem solver to generate a valid solution. As an alternative, recent Large Language Model (LLM) based approaches directly output plans from user requests using language. Although LLMs possess extensive travel domain knowledge and provide high-level information like points of interest and potential routes, current state-of-the-art models often generate plans that lack coherence, fail to satisfy constraints fully, and do not guarantee the generation of high-quality solutions. We propose TRIP-PAL, a hybrid method that combines the strengths of LLMs and automated planners, where (i) LLMs get and translate travel information and user information into data structures that can be fed into planners; and (ii) automated planners generate travel plans that guarantee constraint satisfaction and optimize for users' utility. Our experiments across various travel scenarios show that TRIP-PAL outperforms an LLM when generating travel plans.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. TREK: A Travel Reasoning and Evaluation Kit for LLM Agents in Complex Trip Planning

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    On 800 jointly constrained trip tasks with a deterministic scorer and achievable gold, the best of 15 LLM agents fully solves only 46.2% of feasible plans, with unstated persona needs as the universal bottleneck.

  2. RETAIL: Towards Real-world Travel Planning for Large Language Models

    cs.AI 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new travel-planning benchmark and multi-agent system that still mostly fails, with the best system passing only 2.72% of test cases.

  3. Embark Now: User Demand Oriented Framework for Multi-day Urban Travel Itinerary Planning

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    UDOIP combines dual-layer LLM preference extraction with clustering-and-substitution GRASP to produce higher-scoring, constraint-feasible multi-day urban itineraries than LLM-only and adapted solver baselines on two C...

  4. A Systematic Survey on Large Language Models for Evolutionary Optimization: From Modeling to Solving

    cs.NE 2025-09 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A literature survey that classifies LLM-based optimization research into modeling and solving, with solving divided into LLMs as optimizers, low-level components, and high-level managers.

  5. GenPlanX. Generation of Plans and Execution

    cs.AI 2025-06 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    GenPlanX couples an LLM-based natural-language to PDDL translation with a classical planner and an execution monitor to solve office automation tasks with plan guarantees.

  6. Large Language Models for Planning: A Comprehensive and Systematic Survey

    cs.AI 2025-05 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A structured survey of LLM planning methods, benchmarks, and interpretability work, organized around a three-way taxonomy.

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