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Semantic Membership Inference Attack against Large Language Models

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arxiv 2406.10218 v1 pith:5JXJO7TZ submitted 2024-06-14 cs.LG

classification cs.LG
keywords smiaattackinferencemembershipmodelsemanticinputsmias
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Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) determine whether a specific data point was included in the training set of a target model. In this paper, we introduce the Semantic Membership Inference Attack (SMIA), a novel approach that enhances MIA performance by leveraging the semantic content of inputs and their perturbations. SMIA trains a neural network to analyze the target model's behavior on perturbed inputs, effectively capturing variations in output probability distributions between members and non-members. We conduct comprehensive evaluations on the Pythia and GPT-Neo model families using the Wikipedia dataset. Our results show that SMIA significantly outperforms existing MIAs; for instance, SMIA achieves an AUC-ROC of 67.39% on Pythia-12B, compared to 58.90% by the second-best attack.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. LLM in the Middle: A Systematic Review of Threats and Mitigations to Real-World LLM-based Systems

    cs.CR 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A systematic review that categorizes LLM threats, severity scores, and mitigations across development and operation life cycles and multiple deployment scenarios.

  2. SoK: Semantic Privacy in Large Language Models

    cs.CR 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A systematization of knowledge arguing that LLM privacy threats extend beyond data leakage to semantically inferred attributes, and that current defenses only partially address them.

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