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Multi-spectral Sirens: Gravitational-wave Cosmology with (Multi-) Sub-populations of Binary Black Holes
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Submitted 17 Jun 2024
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim The application of this approach to the GWTC-3 data yields $H_0=73.3^{+29.9}_{-25.6}~{\rm Mpc}^{-1}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ (median and symmetric 68.3\% credible interval), which is about 19\% tighter than the result inferred with the traditional spectral sirens utilizing a PowerLaw+Peak mass function.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
The cosmic expansion rate can be directly measured with gravitational-wave (GW) data of the compact binary mergers by jointly constraining the mass function of the population and the cosmological model via the so-called spectral sirens. Such a method relies on the features in the mass functions, which may originate from some individual subpopulations, and hence become blurred/indistinct due to the superposition of different subpopulations. In this work we propose a novel approach to constrain the cosmic expansion rate with subpopulations of GW events, named multi-spectral sirens. The advantage of the multi-spectral sirens compared to the traditional spectral sirens is demonstrated by the simulation with the mock data. The application of this approach to the GWTC-3 data yields $H_0=73.3^{+29.9}_{-25.6}~{\rm Mpc}^{-1}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ (median and symmetric 68.3\% credible interval), which is about 19\% tighter than the result inferred with the traditional spectral sirens utilizing a PowerLaw+Peak mass function. The incorporation of the bright standard siren GW170817 with a uniform prior in [10,200] (log-uniform prior in [20,140]) ${\rm Mpc}^{-1}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ gives $H_0=71.1^{+15.0}_{-7.5}~(70.3^{+12.9}_{-7.1})~{\rm Mpc}^{-1}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ (68.3\% confidence level), corresponding to an improvement of $\sim26\%$ (23\%) with respect to the measurement from sole GW170817.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | The cosmic expansion rate can be directly measured with gravitational-wave (GW) data of the compact binary mergers by jointly constraining the mass function of the population and the cosmological model via the so-called spectral sirens. | background 0.99 | 0.08 | 0.06 | asserted 0.99 |
| s1 | Such a method relies on the features in the mass functions, which may originate from some individual subpopulations, and hence become blurred/indistinct due to the superposition of different subpopulations. | background 0.87 | 0.07 | 0.03 | hedged possibility 0.94 |
| s2 | In this work we propose a novel approach to constrain the cosmic expansion rate with subpopulations of GW events, named multi-spectral sirens. | contribution 0.99 | 0.83 | 0.15 | asserted 0.96 |
| s3 | The advantage of the multi-spectral sirens compared to the traditional spectral sirens is demonstrated by the simulation with the mock data. | result 0.48 | 0.88 | 0.08 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | The application of this approach to the GWTC-3 data yields $H_0=73.3^{+29.9}_{-25.6}~{\rm Mpc}^{-1}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ (median and symmetric 68.3\% credible interval), which is about 19\% tighter than the result inferred with the traditional spectral sirens utilizing a PowerLaw+Peak mass function. | result 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.41 | asserted 1.00 |
| s5 | The incorporation of the bright standard siren GW170817 with a uniform prior in [10,200] (log-uniform prior in [20,140]) ${\rm Mpc}^{-1}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ gives $H_0=71.1^{+15.0}_{-7.5}~(70.3^{+12.9}_{-7.1})~{\rm Mpc}^{-1}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ (68.3\% confidence level), corresponding to an improvement of $\sim26\%$ (23\%) with respect to the measurement from sole GW170817. | result 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.19 | asserted 1.00 |
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The paper
Original abstract
The cosmic expansion rate can be directly measured with gravitational-wave (GW) data of the compact binary mergers by jointly constraining the mass function of the population and the cosmological model via the so-called spectral sirens. Such a method relies on the features in the mass functions, which may originate from some individual subpopulations, and hence become blurred/indistinct due to the superposition of different subpopulations. In this work we propose a novel approach to constrain the cosmic expansion rate with subpopulations of GW events, named multi-spectral sirens. The advantage of the multi-spectral sirens compared to the traditional spectral sirens is demonstrated by the simulation with the mock data. The application of this approach to the GWTC-3 data yields $H_0=73.3^{+29.9}_{-25.6}~{\rm Mpc}^{-1}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ (median and symmetric 68.3\% credible interval), which is about 19\% tighter than the result inferred with the traditional spectral sirens utilizing a PowerLaw+Peak mass function. The incorporation of the bright standard siren GW170817 with a uniform prior in [10,200] (log-uniform prior in [20,140]) ${\rm Mpc}^{-1}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ gives $H_0=71.1^{+15.0}_{-7.5}~(70.3^{+12.9}_{-7.1})~{\rm Mpc}^{-1}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ (68.3\% confidence level), corresponding to an improvement of $\sim26\%$ (23\%) with respect to the measurement from sole GW170817.
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How the literature uses it
1 arXiv paper cite this in 1 sentence
What it cites · 19 sentences without a confident label
Compares with 3 papers
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This feature is not incorporated into the single-population model [ref] , hence can not contribute to traditional spectral sirens [ref] .
No need to know: astrophysics-free gravitational-wave cosmology · Constraints with GWTC-3 · 0.86
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This feature is not incorporated into the single-population model [ref] , hence can not contribute to traditional spectral sirens [ref] .
Beyond Gaps and Bumps: Spectral Siren Cosmology with Non-Parametric Population Models · Constraints with GWTC-3 · 0.86
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Different from the results in this work, as well as our previous works [ref] , they report the lower-edge of the PIMG to be $∼84 M_⊙$ and $H_0 ∼36 Mpc^-1 km s^-1$.
Exploring field-evolution and dynamical-capture coalescing binary black holes in GWTC-3 · Summary and Discussion · 0.95
Cites as support 3 papers
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These findings have been supported by subsequent studies [ref] .
Exploring field-evolution and dynamical-capture coalescing binary black holes in GWTC-3 · Introduction · 0.99
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These findings have been supported by subsequent studies [ref] .
The spin magnitude of stellar-mass binary black holes evolves with the mass: evidence from gravitational wave data · Introduction · 0.99
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These findings have been supported by subsequent studies [ref] .
The Heavier the Faster: A Sub-population of Heavy, Rapidly Spinning and Quickly Evolving Binary Black Holes · Introduction · 0.99
Cites as background 3 papers
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In the absence of the redshift measurements, GWs from CBCs alone can also constrain cosmological parameters through the use of so-called spectral sirens [ref] .
No need to know: astrophysics-free gravitational-wave cosmology · Introduction · 0.80
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In the absence of the redshift measurements, GWs from CBCs alone can also constrain cosmological parameters through the use of so-called spectral sirens [ref] .
Beyond Gaps and Bumps: Spectral Siren Cosmology with Non-Parametric Population Models · Introduction · 0.80
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In the final stage of this work, there was a work appeared online [ref] , where the authors investigate the generations in the BBH populations, and then apply their population model to constrain the Hubble constant with GWTC-3.
Multi-Generational Black Hole Population Analysis with an Astrophysically Informed Mass Function · Summary and Discussion · 0.85
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