pith. sign in

arxiv: 2406.12632 · v3 · submitted 2024-06-18 · 📡 eess.IV · cs.CV

Cyclic 2.5D Perceptual Loss for Cross-Modal 3D Medical Image Synthesis: T1w MRI to Tau PET

Junho Moon , Symac Kim , Haejun Chung , Ikbeom Jang This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-24 00:10 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 📡 eess.IV cs.CV
keywords perceptual losscross-modal synthesistau PETMRI to PETAlzheimer's diseaseSUVRvolumetric consistency2.5D loss
0
0 comments X

The pith

Cyclic 2.5D perceptual loss improves agreement of synthesized tau PET with measured values in Alzheimer-relevant brain regions.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper introduces a cyclic 2.5D perceptual loss for synthesizing 3D tau PET images from T1-weighted MRI. By alternating the perceptual loss optimization across axial, coronal, and sagittal planes, the method aims to achieve better 3D consistency than standard approaches. This is combined with standardizing SUVR values by scanner manufacturer to reduce variability. The resulting synthesized maps show better agreement with real PET in regions tied to tau pathology and work with various network types including U-Net and transformers. Such synthesis could expand access to PET biomarkers without additional scans.

Core claim

We propose a cyclic 2.5D perceptual loss that alternates optimization across the three anatomical planes to synthesize 3D pseudo-[18F]flortaucipir SUVR maps from T1w MRI. When combined with scanner-specific SUVR standardization, this yields improved correlation between synthesized and measured PET SUVRs in brain regions relevant to Alzheimer-type tau pathology, and the approach generalizes across multiple synthesis networks.

What carries the argument

The cyclic 2.5D perceptual loss, which cycles the training objective through axial, coronal, and sagittal planes to enforce volumetric consistency in the synthesized 3D output.

If this is right

  • The method improves agreement between synthesized SUVRs and measured PET in tau pathology regions.
  • It generalizes across U-Net, UNETR, SwinUNETR, CycleGAN, and Pix2Pix architectures.
  • Scanner manufacturer standardization reduces inter-manufacturer variability while preserving high-uptake regions.
  • Cross-modal synthesis from routine MRI can help overcome cost and access barriers to PET imaging.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the cyclic alternation holds, the loss could be adapted to other 3D medical image synthesis tasks where pretrained 3D models are scarce.
  • Testing on additional cohorts beyond ADNI and SCAN would confirm robustness across different scanners and populations.
  • The approach suggests that plane-wise cycling may be a general strategy for balancing optimization in multi-plane 2.5D training.

Load-bearing premise

Alternating optimization across axial, coronal, and sagittal planes produces improved volumetric consistency in the 3D synthesized output rather than introducing plane-specific inconsistencies.

What would settle it

An ablation study showing no improvement or worse performance in 3D consistency metrics or regional SUVR agreement when the cyclic plane alternation is disabled compared to a non-cyclic 2.5D baseline.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2406.12632 by Haejun Chung, Ikbeom Jang, Junho Moon, Symac Kim.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Overview of our proposed cyclic 2.5D perceptual loss. Following the generation of a 3D tau PET [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Overall data preprocessing procedures for T1w MR and tau PET images, including the by [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Cortical tau PET SUVR by manufacturers. The tau PET SUVR distribution across dif [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Qualitative comparison of images generated by the 3D U-Net with different loss functions. Our [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Visualization of multiple pairs comprising an input MR image, the corresponding ground truth tau [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Prediction performance (MSE) of tau PET synthesis across key cortical regions associated with [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_6.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Positron emission tomography (PET) provides molecular biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and is increasingly used for diagnosis, staging, and clinical trial enrichment. However, its use is limited by cost, regulatory restrictions, and the invasiveness of radiotracer injection. Although current frameworks emphasize multimodal biomarker assessment, including the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) scheme, these barriers constrain access to PET imaging. Cross-modal image synthesis may help address this gap by reconstructing unavailable modalities from routine scans. Because PET is clinically valuable for regional uptake patterns rather than exact voxel-wise intensities, perceptual losses that capture higher-level semantic features are well suited to PET synthesis. Existing 2D, 3D, and 2.5D perceptual losses for 3D synthesis each have limitations, including restricted volumetric context, scarcity of pretrained 3D models, and difficulty balancing optimization across anatomical planes. In this study, we synthesize tau PET from structural MRI by generating 3D pseudo-[18F]flortaucipir standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) maps from 3D T1-weighted MR images. We propose a cyclic 2.5D perceptual loss that alternates optimization across axial, coronal, and sagittal planes during training to improve volumetric consistency. We also standardize PET SUVRs by scanner manufacturer, reducing inter-manufacturer variability and better preserving high-uptake regions. Using cohorts spanning the ADRD spectrum from the ADNI and the SCAN cohort, we show that the method generalizes across U-Net, UNETR, SwinUNETR, CycleGAN, and Pix2Pix, with strong performance. Notably, it improves agreement between synthesized SUVRs and measured PET in brain regions relevant to Alzheimer-type tau pathology. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/labhai/Cyclic-2.5D-Perceptual-Loss.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript proposes synthesizing 3D tau PET SUVR maps from T1-weighted MRI using a cyclic 2.5D perceptual loss that alternates optimization across axial, coronal, and sagittal planes to improve volumetric consistency. It adds scanner manufacturer standardization of SUVRs to reduce inter-manufacturer variability. The approach is evaluated on ADNI and SCAN cohorts spanning the ADRD spectrum and is shown to generalize across U-Net, UNETR, SwinUNETR, CycleGAN, and Pix2Pix architectures, with improved agreement between synthesized and measured SUVRs in brain regions relevant to Alzheimer-type tau pathology. Code is released publicly.

Significance. If the results hold, the cyclic 2.5D loss could provide a practical route to tau PET synthesis from routine MRI, aiding access to molecular biomarkers in ADRD. Public code availability is a clear strength for reproducibility. Generalization across five distinct architectures adds practical value beyond single-model demonstrations.

major comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim that alternating the perceptual loss across axial/coronal/sagittal planes produces improved volumetric consistency (rather than plane-specific artifacts or averaged inconsistencies) is load-bearing for the contribution, yet the text supplies no 3D-specific consistency metric (e.g., inter-plane SUVR variance, gradient continuity across reformats, or 3D structural similarity) and no ablation isolating the cyclic schedule from the perceptual loss or manufacturer standardization.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive feedback. We address the single major comment below and agree that additional metrics and ablations will strengthen the manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: The central claim that alternating the perceptual loss across axial/coronal/sagittal planes produces improved volumetric consistency (rather than plane-specific artifacts or averaged inconsistencies) is load-bearing for the contribution, yet the text supplies no 3D-specific consistency metric (e.g., inter-plane SUVR variance, gradient continuity across reformats, or 3D structural similarity) and no ablation isolating the cyclic schedule from the perceptual loss or manufacturer standardization.

    Authors: We agree that the abstract's claim regarding volumetric consistency would be more robust with explicit 3D metrics and an ablation isolating the cyclic schedule. In the revised version we will add: (1) an ablation comparing the full cyclic 2.5D loss against a non-cyclic (single-plane or averaged) 2.5D perceptual loss while keeping manufacturer standardization fixed, and (2) 3D-specific consistency metrics including inter-plane SUVR variance across axial/coronal/sagittal reformats and 3D structural similarity (3D-SSIM) evaluated on the synthesized volumes. These results will be reported in a new supplementary table and referenced in the abstract and results sections. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: novel loss is independent training modification evaluated empirically on external cohorts

full rationale

The paper defines a cyclic 2.5D perceptual loss as an explicit training modification that alternates across axial/coronal/sagittal planes and applies it to five standard architectures (U-Net, UNETR, SwinUNETR, CycleGAN, Pix2Pix). Performance is measured by direct comparison of synthesized SUVR maps against measured PET on ADNI and SCAN cohorts, with no equations showing that reported regional agreement or generalization reduces by construction to the loss definition, a fitted parameter, or a self-citation chain. The method is presented as a plug-in loss rather than a derived theorem; external data and standard metrics provide independent falsifiability. No load-bearing self-citations, ansatzes smuggled via prior work, or renaming of known results appear in the derivation.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

1 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the effectiveness of the new cyclic loss and the manufacturer standardization step. The standardization introduces a data-dependent adjustment whose exact implementation details are not visible in the abstract.

free parameters (1)
  • Scanner manufacturer standardization factors
    SUVR values are standardized by scanner manufacturer to reduce inter-manufacturer variability; this step requires computing adjustment factors from the data.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Perceptual losses capture higher-level semantic features suitable for PET synthesis because value lies in regional uptake patterns rather than exact voxel intensities
    Explicitly stated in the abstract as the reason perceptual losses are appropriate for this task.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5900 in / 1351 out tokens · 32988 ms · 2026-05-24T00:10:11.274746+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

92 extracted references · 92 canonical work pages · 3 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    write newline

    " write newline "" before.all 'output.state := FUNCTION n.dashify 't := "" t empty not t #1 #1 substring "-" = t #1 #2 substring "--" = not "--" * t #2 global.max substring 't := t #1 #1 substring "-" = "-" * t #2 global.max substring 't := while if t #1 #1 substring * t #2 global.max substring 't := if while FUNCTION word.in bbl.in ":" * " " * FUNCTION f...

    work page

  2. [2]

    , author Almallahi, I

    author Abu-Srhan, A. , author Almallahi, I. , author Abushariah, M.A. , author Mahafza, W. , author Al-Kadi, O.S. , year 2021 . title Paired-unpaired unsupervised attention guided gan with transfer learning for bidirectional brain mr-ct synthesis . journal Computers in Biology and Medicine volume 136 , pages 104763 . :10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104763

    work page doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104763 2021

  3. [3]

    , author Jiang, C

    author Armanious, K. , author Jiang, C. , author Abdulatif, S. , author K \"u stner, T. , author Gatidis, S. , author Yang, B. , year 2019 . title Unsupervised medical image translation using cycle-medgan , in: booktitle 2019 27th European signal processing conference (EUSIPCO) , organization IEEE . pp. pages 1--5 . :10.23919/EUSIPCO.2019.8902799

    work page doi:10.23919/eusipco.2019.8902799 2019

  4. [4]

    , author Jiang, C

    author Armanious, K. , author Jiang, C. , author Fischer, M. , author K \"u stner, T. , author Hepp, T. , author Nikolaou, K. , author Gatidis, S. , author Yang, B. , year 2020 . title Medgan: Medical image translation using gans . journal Computerized medical imaging and graphics volume 79 , pages 101684 . :10.1016/j.compmedimag.2019.101684

    work page doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2019.101684 2020

  5. [5]

    , author Salvad \'o , G

    author Barth \'e lemy, N.R. , author Salvad \'o , G. , author Schindler, S.E. , author He, Y. , author Janelidze, S. , author Collij, L.E. , author Saef, B. , author Henson, R.L. , author Chen, C.D. , author Gordon, B.A. , et al., year 2024 . title Highly accurate blood test for alzheimer’s disease is similar or superior to clinical cerebrospinal fluid te...

    work page doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02869-z 2024

  6. [6]

    , author Gould, M.K

    author Berger, M. , author Gould, M.K. , author Barnett, P.G. , year 2003 . title The cost of positron emission tomography in six united states veterans affairs hospitals and two academic medical centers . journal American journal of roentgenology volume 181 , pages 359--365

    work page 2003

  7. [7]

    , author Alafuzoff, I

    author Braak, H. , author Alafuzoff, I. , author Arzberger, T. , author Kretzschmar, H. , author Del Tredici, K. , year 2006 . title Staging of alzheimer disease-associated neurofibrillary pathology using paraffin sections and immunocytochemistry . journal Acta neuropathologica volume 112 , pages 389--404

    work page 2006

  8. [8]

    , author Braak, E

    author Braak, H. , author Braak, E. , year 1991 . title Neuropathological stageing of alzheimer-related changes . journal Acta neuropathologica volume 82 , pages 239--259

    work page 1991

  9. [9]

    , author Minthon, L

    author Buchhave, P. , author Minthon, L. , author Zetterberg, H. , author Wallin, .K. , author Blennow, K. , author Hansson, O. , year 2012 . title Cerebrospinal fluid levels of -amyloid 1-42, but not of tau, are fully changed already 5 to 10 years before the onset of alzheimer dementia . journal Archives of general psychiatry volume 69 , pages 98--106 . ...

    work page doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.155 2012

  10. [10]

    , author Herrmann, K

    author Buck, A.K. , author Herrmann, K. , author Stargardt, T. , author Dechow, T. , author Krause, B.J. , author Schrey \"o gg, J. , year 2010 . title Economic evaluation of pet and pet/ct in oncology: evidence and methodologic approaches . journal Journal of nuclear medicine technology volume 38 , pages 6--17

    work page 2010

  11. [11]

    MONAI: An open-source framework for deep learning in healthcare

    author Cardoso, M.J. , author Li, W. , author Brown, R. , author Ma, N. , author Kerfoot, E. , author Wang, Y. , author Murray, B. , author Myronenko, A. , author Zhao, C. , author Yang, D. , author Nath, V. , author He, Y. , author Xu, Z. , author Hatamizadeh, A. , author Zhu, W. , author Liu, Y. , author Zheng, M. , author Tang, Y. , author Yang, I. , a...

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.2211.02701 2022

  12. [12]

    Med3D: Transfer Learning for 3D Medical Image Analysis

    author Chen, S. , author Ma, K. , author Zheng, Y. , year 2019 . title Med3d: Transfer learning for 3d medical image analysis . journal arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.00625 :10.48550/arXiv.1904.00625

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.1904.00625 2019

  13. [13]

    , author Lu, J.Y

    author Chen, S.D. , author Lu, J.Y. , author Li, H.Q. , author Yang, Y.X. , author Jiang, J.H. , author Cui, M. , author Zuo, C.T. , author Tan, L. , author Dong, Q. , author Yu, J.T. , et al., year 2021 . title Staging tau pathology with tau pet in alzheimer’s disease: a longitudinal study . journal Translational psychiatry volume 11 , pages 483

    work page 2021

  14. [14]

    , author Choi, J.Y

    author Cho, H. , author Choi, J.Y. , author Hwang, M.S. , author Lee, J.H. , author Kim, Y.J. , author Lee, H.M. , author Lyoo, C.H. , author Ryu, Y.H. , author Lee, M.S. , year 2016 . title Tau pet in alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment . journal Neurology volume 87 , pages 375--383 . :10.1212/WNL.0000000000002892

    work page doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002892 2016

  15. [15]

    , author Abdulkadir, A

    author C i c ek, \"O . , author Abdulkadir, A. , author Lienkamp, S.S. , author Brox, T. , author Ronneberger, O. , year 2016 . title 3d u-net: learning dense volumetric segmentation from sparse annotation , in: booktitle Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention--MICCAI 2016: 19th International Conference, Athens, Greece, October 17-21, ...

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46723-8_49 2016

  16. [16]

    , author Osse, A.M.L

    author Cummings, J. , author Osse, A.M.L. , author Cammann, D. , author Powell, J. , author Chen, J. , year 2024 . title Anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of alzheimer’s disease . journal BioDrugs volume 38 , pages 5--22

    work page 2024

  17. [17]

    , author Fischl, B

    author Dale, A.M. , author Fischl, B. , author Sereno, M.I. , year 1999 . title Cortical surface-based analysis: I. segmentation and surface reconstruction . journal Neuroimage volume 9 , pages 179--194 . :10.1006/nimg.1998.0395

    work page doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0395 1999

  18. [18]

    , author Yurt, M

    author Dar, S.U. , author Yurt, M. , author Karacan, L. , author Erdem, A. , author Erdem, E. , author Cukur, T. , year 2019 . title Image synthesis in multi-contrast mri with conditional generative adversarial networks . journal IEEE transactions on medical imaging volume 38 , pages 2375--2388 . :10.1109/TMI.2019.2901750

    work page doi:10.1109/tmi.2019.2901750 2019

  19. [19]

    , author Islam, K.T

    author Dayarathna, S. , author Islam, K.T. , author Uribe, S. , author Yang, G. , author Hayat, M. , author Chen, Z. , year 2023 . title Deep learning based synthesis of mri, ct and pet: Review and analysis . journal Medical Image Analysis , pages 103046 :10.1016/j.media.2023.103046

    work page doi:10.1016/j.media.2023.103046 2023

  20. [20]

    , author Weber, K

    author Dietlein, M. , author Weber, K. , author Gandjour, A. , author Moka, D. , author Theissen, P. , author Lauterbach, K.W. , author Schicha, H. , year 2000 . title Cost-effectiveness of fdg-pet for the management of potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer: priority for a pet-based strategy after nodal-negative ct results . journal European jou...

    work page 2000

  21. [21]

    , author Li, W

    author Du, J. , author Li, W. , author Lu, K. , author Xiao, B. , year 2016 . title An overview of multi-modal medical image fusion . journal Neurocomputing volume 215 , pages 3--20

    work page 2016

  22. [22]

    , year 2002

    author Gambhir, S.S. , year 2002 . title Molecular imaging of cancer with positron emission tomography . journal Nature Reviews Cancer volume 2 , pages 683--693

    work page 2002

  23. [23]

    , author Pouget-Abadie, J

    author Goodfellow, I. , author Pouget-Abadie, J. , author Mirza, M. , author Xu, B. , author Warde-Farley, D. , author Ozair, S. , author Courville, A. , author Bengio, Y. , year 2014 . title Generative adversarial nets . journal Advances in neural information processing systems volume 27 . https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2014/file/5ca3e9...

    work page 2014

  24. [24]

    , author Huang, Y.Y

    author Guo, Y. , author Huang, Y.Y. , author Shen, X.N. , author Chen, S.D. , author Hu, H. , author Wang, Z.T. , author Tan, L. , author Yu, J.T. , author Initiative, A.D.N. , year 2021 . title Characterization of alzheimer’s tau biomarker discordance using plasma, csf, and pet . journal Alzheimer's research & therapy volume 13 , pages 93 . :10.1186/s131...

    work page doi:10.1186/s13195-021-00834-3 2021

  25. [25]

    , author Wang, N

    author Ha, J. , author Wang, N. , author Maharjan, S. , author Zhang, X. , year 2024 . title 3d volumetric super-resolution in radiology using 3d rrdb-gan . journal arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.04171 :10.48550/arXiv.2402.04171

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2402.04171 2024

  26. [26]

    , author Nath, V

    author Hatamizadeh, A. , author Nath, V. , author Tang, Y. , author Yang, D. , author Roth, H.R. , author Xu, D. , year 2021 . title Swin unetr: Swin transformers for semantic segmentation of brain tumors in mri images , in: booktitle International MICCAI Brainlesion Workshop , organization Springer . pp. pages 272--284 . :10.1007/978-3-031-08999-2_22

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08999-2_22 2021

  27. [27]

    , author Tang, Y

    author Hatamizadeh, A. , author Tang, Y. , author Nath, V. , author Yang, D. , author Myronenko, A. , author Landman, B. , author Roth, H.R. , author Xu, D. , year 2022 . title Unetr: Transformers for 3d medical image segmentation , in: booktitle Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF winter conference on applications of computer vision , pp. pages 574--584 . :10.11...

    work page doi:10.1109/wacv51458.2022.00181 2022

  28. [28]

    , author Zhang, X

    author He, K. , author Zhang, X. , author Ren, S. , author Sun, J. , year 2016 . title Deep residual learning for image recognition , in: booktitle Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition , pp. pages 770--778

    work page 2016

  29. [29]

    , author Jain, A

    author Ho, J. , author Jain, A. , author Abbeel, P. , year 2020 . title Denoising diffusion probabilistic models , in: booktitle Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems , publisher Curran Associates, Inc. . pp. pages 6840--6851 . https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2020/file/4c5bcfec8584af0d967f1ab10179ca4b-Paper.pdf

    work page 2020

  30. [30]

    , author Mora, J.S

    author Hoopes, A. , author Mora, J.S. , author Dalca, A.V. , author Fischl, B. , author Hoffmann, M. , year 2022 . title Synthstrip: skull-stripping for any brain image . journal NeuroImage volume 260 , pages 119474 . :10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119474

    work page doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119474 2022

  31. [31]

    , author Lei, B

    author Hu, S. , author Lei, B. , author Wang, S. , author Wang, Y. , author Feng, Z. , author Shen, Y. , year 2021 . title Bidirectional mapping generative adversarial networks for brain mr to pet synthesis . journal IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging volume 41 , pages 145--157 . :10.1109/TMI.2021.3107013

    work page doi:10.1109/tmi.2021.3107013 2021

  32. [32]

    , year 2023

    author Igarashi, K.M. , year 2023 . title Entorhinal cortex dysfunction in alzheimer's disease . journal Trends in neurosciences volume 46 , pages 124--136

    work page 2023

  33. [33]

    , author Mormino, E.C

    author Insel, P.S. , author Mormino, E.C. , author Aisen, P.S. , author Thompson, W.K. , author Donohue, M.C. , year 2020 . title Neuroanatomical spread of amyloid and tau in alzheimer’s disease: implications for primary prevention . journal Brain Communications volume 2 , pages fcaa007

    work page 2020

  34. [34]

    , author Szegedy, C

    author Ioffe, S. , author Szegedy, C. , year 2015 . title Batch normalization: Accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift , in: booktitle International conference on machine learning , organization pmlr . pp. pages 448--456

    work page 2015

  35. [35]

    Image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks,

    author Isola, P. , author Zhu, J.Y. , author Zhou, T. , author Efros, A.A. , year 2017 . title Image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks , in: booktitle Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition , pp. pages 1125--1134 . :10.1109/CVPR.2017.632

    work page doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.632 2017

  36. [36]

    , author Knopman, D.S

    author Jack, C.R. , author Knopman, D.S. , author Jagust, W.J. , author Shaw, L.M. , author Aisen, P.S. , author Weiner, M.W. , author Petersen, R.C. , author Trojanowski, J.Q. , year 2010 . title Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the alzheimer's pathological cascade . journal The Lancet Neurology volume 9 , pages 119--128

    work page 2010

  37. [37]

    , author Bennett, D.A

    author Jack Jr, C.R. , author Bennett, D.A. , author Blennow, K. , author Carrillo, M.C. , author Dunn, B. , author Haeberlein, S.B. , author Holtzman, D.M. , author Jagust, W. , author Jessen, F. , author Karlawish, J. , et al., year 2018 . title Nia-aa research framework: toward a biological definition of alzheimer's disease . journal Alzheimer's & deme...

    work page 2018

  38. [38]

    , author Wiste, H.J

    author Jack Jr, C.R. , author Wiste, H.J. , author Weigand, S.D. , author Therneau, T.M. , author Lowe, V.J. , author Knopman, D.S. , author Botha, H. , author Graff-Radford, J. , author Jones, D.T. , author Ferman, T.J. , et al., year 2020 . title Predicting future rates of tau accumulation on pet . journal Brain volume 143 , pages 3136--3150

    work page 2020

  39. [39]

    , author Lois, C

    author Jang, S.I. , author Lois, C. , author Thibault, E. , author Becker, J.A. , author Dong, Y. , author Normandin, M.D. , author Price, J.C. , author Johnson, K.A. , author Fakhri, G.E. , author Gong, K. , year 2023 . title Taupetgen: Text-conditional tau pet image synthesis based on latent diffusion models . journal arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.11984 :10...

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2306.11984 2023

  40. [40]

    , author Alahi, A

    author Johnson, J. , author Alahi, A. , author Fei-Fei, L. , year 2016 . title Perceptual losses for real-time style transfer and super-resolution , in: booktitle Computer Vision--ECCV 2016: 14th European Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, October 11-14, 2016, Proceedings, Part II 14 , organization Springer . pp. pages 694--711 . :10.1007/978-3-319-4...

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46475-6_43 2016

  41. [41]

    , author Ba, J

    author Kingma, D.P. , author Ba, J. , year 2015 . title Adam: A method for stochastic optimization , in: booktitle 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations

    work page 2015

  42. [42]

    , author Amieva, H

    author Knopman, D.S. , author Amieva, H. , author Petersen, R.C. , author Ch \'e telat, G. , author Holtzman, D.M. , author Hyman, B.T. , author Nixon, R.A. , author Jones, D.T. , year 2021 . title Alzheimer disease . journal Nature reviews Disease primers volume 7 , pages 33 . :10.1038/s41572-021-00269-y

    work page doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00269-y 2021

  43. [43]

    , author Burkett, B.J

    author Lee, J. , author Burkett, B.J. , author Min, H.K. , author Senjem, M.L. , author Dicks, E. , author Corriveau-Lecavalier, N. , author Mester, C.T. , author Wiste, H.J. , author Lundt, E.S. , author Murray, M.E. , et al., year 2024 . title Synthesizing images of tau pathology from cross-modal neuroimaging using deep learning . journal Brain volume 1...

    work page 2024

  44. [44]

    , author Chiotis, K

    author Leuzy, A. , author Chiotis, K. , author Lemoine, L. , author Gillberg, P.G. , author Almkvist, O. , author Rodriguez-Vieitez, E. , author Nordberg, A. , year 2019 . title Tau pet imaging in neurodegenerative tauopathies—still a challenge . journal Molecular psychiatry volume 24 , pages 1112--1134 . :10.1038/s41380-018-0342-8

    work page doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0342-8 2019

  45. [45]

    , author Yakushev, I

    author Li, Y. , author Yakushev, I. , author Hedderich, D.M. , author Wachinger, C. , year 2024 . title Pasta: P athology-a ware mri to pet cro s s-modal t r a nslation with diffusion models , in: booktitle International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention , organization Springer . pp. pages 529--540

    work page 2024

  46. [46]

    Derf: Decomposed radiance fields,

    author Liu, Y. , author Chen, H. , author Chen, Y. , author Yin, W. , author Shen, C. , year 2021 . title Generic perceptual loss for modeling structured output dependencies , in: booktitle Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition , pp. pages 5424--5432 . :10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.00538

    work page doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00538 2021

  47. [47]

    , author Hutter, F

    author Loshchilov, I. , author Hutter, F. , year 2017 . title SGDR : Stochastic gradient descent with warm restarts , in: booktitle 5th International Conference on Learning Representations . https://openreview.net/forum?id=Skq89Scxx

    work page 2017

  48. [48]

    , author Wiste, H.J

    author Lowe, V.J. , author Wiste, H.J. , author Senjem, M.L. , author Weigand, S.D. , author Therneau, T.M. , author Boeve, B.F. , author Josephs, K.A. , author Fang, P. , author Pandey, M.K. , author Murray, M.E. , et al., year 2018 . title Widespread brain tau and its association with ageing, braak stage and alzheimer’s dementia . journal Brain volume 1...

    work page 2018

  49. [49]

    , author Landau, S

    author Maass, A. , author Landau, S. , author Baker, S.L. , author Horng, A. , author Lockhart, S.N. , author La Joie, R. , author Rabinovici, G.D. , author Jagust, W.J. , author Initiative, A.D.N. , et al., year 2017 . title Comparison of multiple tau-pet measures as biomarkers in aging and alzheimer's disease . journal Neuroimage volume 157 , pages 448--463

    work page 2017

  50. [50]

    , author Fotenos, A.F

    author Mattay, V.S. , author Fotenos, A.F. , author Ganley, C.J. , author Marzella, L. , year 2020 . title Brain tau imaging: Food and drug administration approval of 18f-flortaucipir injection . journal Journal of Nuclear Medicine volume 61 , pages 1411--1412 . https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/61/10/1411, :10.2967/jnumed.120.252254

    work page doi:10.2967/jnumed.120.252254 2020

  51. [51]

    , author Liu, Z

    author Mei, X. , author Liu, Z. , author Robson, P.M. , author Marinelli, B. , author Huang, M. , author Doshi, A. , author Jacobi, A. , author Cao, C. , author Link, K.E. , author Yang, T. , et al., year 2022 . title Radimagenet: an open radiologic deep learning research dataset for effective transfer learning . journal Radiology: Artificial Intelligence...

    work page 2022

  52. [52]

    , author Mufson, E.J

    author Mitchell, T.W. , author Mufson, E.J. , author Schneider, J.A. , author Cochran, E.J. , author Nissanov, J. , author Han, L.Y. , author Bienias, J.L. , author Lee, V.M.Y. , author Trojanowski, J.Q. , author Bennett, D.A. , et al., year 2002 . title Parahippocampal tau pathology in healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment, and early alzheimer's disea...

    work page 2002

  53. [53]

    , author Trullo, R

    author Nie, D. , author Trullo, R. , author Lian, J. , author Wang, L. , author Petitjean, C. , author Ruan, S. , author Wang, Q. , author Shen, D. , year 2018 . title Medical image synthesis with deep convolutional adversarial networks . journal IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering volume 65 , pages 2720--2730 . :10.1109/TBME.2018.2814538

    work page doi:10.1109/tbme.2018.2814538 2018

  54. [54]

    u ller-Sarnowski, F. , author Diehl-Schmid, J. , author F \

    author Ortner, M. , author Drost, R. , author Heddderich, D. , author Goldhardt, O. , author M \"u ller-Sarnowski, F. , author Diehl-Schmid, J. , author F \"o rstl, H. , author Yakushev, I. , author Grimmer, T. , year 2019 . title Amyloid pet, fdg-pet or mri?-the power of different imaging biomarkers to detect progression of early alzheimer’s disease . jo...

    work page 2019

  55. [55]

    , author Chang, C.W

    author Pan, S. , author Chang, C.W. , author Peng, J. , author Zhang, J. , author Qiu, R.L. , author Wang, T. , author Roper, J. , author Liu, T. , author Mao, H. , author Yang, X. , year 2023 . title Cycle-guided denoising diffusion probability model for 3d cross-modality mri synthesis . journal arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.00042 :10.48550/arXiv.2305.00042

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2305.00042 2023

  56. [56]

    , author Liu, M

    author Pan, Y. , author Liu, M. , author Lian, C. , author Xia, Y. , author Shen, D. , year 2020 . title Spatially-constrained fisher representation for brain disease identification with incomplete multi-modal neuroimages . journal IEEE transactions on medical imaging volume 39 , pages 2965--2975

    work page 2020

  57. [57]

    , author Benedet, A.L

    author Pascoal, T.A. , author Benedet, A.L. , author Ashton, N.J. , author Kang, M.S. , author Therriault, J. , author Chamoun, M. , author Savard, M. , author Lussier, F.Z. , author Tissot, C. , author Karikari, T.K. , et al., year 2021 . title Microglial activation and tau propagate jointly across braak stages . journal Nature medicine volume 27 , pages...

    work page 2021

  58. [58]

    , author Roytman, M

    author Petersen, G.C. , author Roytman, M. , author Chiang, G.C. , author Li, Y. , author Gordon, M.L. , author Franceschi, A.M. , year 2022 . title Overview of tau pet molecular imaging . journal Current opinion in neurology volume 35 , pages 230--239 . :0.1097/WCO.0000000000001035

    work page 2022

  59. [59]

    , author Camerucci, E

    author Pleen, J. , author Camerucci, E. , author Al-Sabbagh, M.Q. , author Cunningham, K. , year 2024 . title Blood-based biomarkers in alzheimer disease . journal PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY

    work page 2024

  60. [60]

    , author Polydoro, M

    author Pooler, A.M. , author Polydoro, M. , author Wegmann, S. , author Nicholls, S.B. , author Spires-Jones, T.L. , author Hyman, B.T. , year 2013 . title Propagation of tau pathology in alzheimer’s disease: identification of novel therapeutic targets . journal Alzheimer's research & therapy volume 5 , pages 1--8 . :10.1186/alzrt214

    work page doi:10.1186/alzrt214 2013

  61. [61]

    , author Langerman, H

    author Rasmussen, J. , author Langerman, H. , year 2019 . title Alzheimer’s disease--why we need early diagnosis . journal Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease , pages 123--130 :10.2147/DNND.S228939

    work page doi:10.2147/dnnd.s228939 2019

  62. [62]

    U -Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation,

    author Ronneberger, O. , author Fischer, P. , author Brox, T. , year 2015 . title U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation , in: booktitle Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention--MICCAI 2015: 18th international conference, Munich, Germany, October 5-9, 2015, proceedings, part III 18 , organization Springer . pp. ...

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28 2015

  63. [63]

    , author Deng, J

    author Russakovsky, O. , author Deng, J. , author Su, H. , author Krause, J. , author Satheesh, S. , author Ma, S. , author Huang, Z. , author Karpathy, A. , author Khosla, A. , author Bernstein, M. , et al., year 2015 . title Imagenet large scale visual recognition challenge . journal International journal of computer vision volume 115 , pages 211--252

    work page 2015

  64. [64]

    , author Tzannou, I

    author Saif, M.W. , author Tzannou, I. , author Makrilia, N. , author Syrigos, K. , year 2010 . title Role and cost effectiveness of pet/ct in management of patients with cancer . journal The Yale journal of biology and medicine volume 83 , pages 53

    work page 2010

  65. [65]

    , author Bischof, G.N

    author Seemiller, J. , author Bischof, G.N. , author Hoenig, M.C. , author Tahmasian, M. , author van Eimeren, T. , author Drzezga, A. , author Initiative, A.D.N. , year 2021 . title Indication of retrograde tau spreading along braak stages and functional connectivity pathways . journal European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging volume 48 ...

    work page 2021

  66. [66]

    , author Arias, J

    author Shaw, L.M. , author Arias, J. , author Blennow, K. , author Galasko, D. , author Molinuevo, J.L. , author Salloway, S. , author Schindler, S. , author Carrillo, M.C. , author Hendrix, J.A. , author Ross, A. , et al., year 2018 . title Appropriate use criteria for lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid testing in the diagnosis of alzheimer's diseas...

    work page 2018

  67. [67]

    , author Ihsani, A

    author Shin, H.C. , author Ihsani, A. , author Xu, Z. , author Mandava, S. , author Sreenivas, S.T. , author Forster, C. , author Cha, J. , author Initiative, A.D.N. , year 2020 . title Gandalf: Generative adversarial networks with discriminator-adaptive loss fine-tuning for alzheimer’s disease diagnosis from mri , in: booktitle Medical Image Computing an...

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59713-9_66 2020

  68. [68]

    , author Peri, S.V

    author Sikka, A. , author Peri, S.V. , author Bathula, D.R. , year 2018 . title Mri to fdg-pet: cross-modal synthesis using 3d u-net for multi-modal alzheimer’s classification , in: booktitle Simulation and Synthesis in Medical Imaging: Third International Workshop, SASHIMI 2018, Held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2018, Granada, Spain, September 16, 2018, Pr...

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00536-8_9 2018

  69. [69]

    , author Zijdenbos, A.P

    author Sled, J.G. , author Zijdenbos, A.P. , author Evans, A.C. , year 1998 . title A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in mri data . journal IEEE transactions on medical imaging volume 17 , pages 87--97 . :10.1109/42.668698

    work page doi:10.1109/42.668698 1998

  70. [70]

    , author Masters, S.C

    author Slough, C. , author Masters, S.C. , author Hurley, R.A. , author Taber, K.H. , year 2016 . title Clinical positron emission tomography (pet) neuroimaging: advantages and limitations as a diagnostic tool . journal The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences volume 28 , pages A4--71

    work page 2016

  71. [71]

    , year 2017

    author Smith, L.N. , year 2017 . title Cyclical learning rates for training neural networks , in: booktitle 2017 IEEE winter conference on applications of computer vision (WACV) , organization IEEE . pp. pages 464--472 . :10.1109/WACV.2017.58

    work page doi:10.1109/wacv.2017.58 2017

  72. [72]

    , author Hinton, G

    author Srivastava, N. , author Hinton, G. , author Krizhevsky, A. , author Sutskever, I. , author Salakhutdinov, R. , year 2014 . title Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting . journal The journal of machine learning research volume 15 , pages 1929--1958

    work page 2014

  73. [73]

    , author Vanhoucke, V

    author Szegedy, C. , author Vanhoucke, V. , author Ioffe, S. , author Shlens, J. , author Wojna, Z. , year 2016 . title Rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision , in: booktitle Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition , pp. pages 2818--2826

    work page 2016

  74. [74]

    title Freesurfer

    author The General Hospital Corporation (MGH) , year 2023 . title Freesurfer . https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu. note version 7.4.1

    work page 2023

  75. [75]

    Instance Normalization: The Missing Ingredient for Fast Stylization

    author Ulyanov, D. , author Vedaldi, A. , author Lempitsky, V. , year 2016 . title Instance normalization: The missing ingredient for fast stylization . journal arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.08022 :10.48550/arXiv.1607.08022

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.1607.08022 2016

  76. [76]

    , author Swanson, C.J

    author Van Dyck, C.H. , author Swanson, C.J. , author Aisen, P. , author Bateman, R.J. , author Chen, C. , author Gee, M. , author Kanekiyo, M. , author Li, D. , author Reyderman, L. , author Cohen, S. , et al., year 2023 . title Lecanemab in early alzheimer’s disease . journal New England Journal of Medicine volume 388 , pages 9--21

    work page 2023

  77. [77]

    , author Hyman, B.T

    author Van Hoesen, G.W. , author Hyman, B.T. , author Damasio, A.R. , year 1991 . title Entorhinal cortex pathology in alzheimer's disease . journal Hippocampus volume 1 , pages 1--8

    work page 1991

  78. [78]

    , author Kinahan, P

    author Vaquero, J.J. , author Kinahan, P. , year 2015 . title Positron emission tomography: current challenges and opportunities for technological advances in clinical and preclinical imaging systems . journal Annual review of biomedical engineering volume 17 , pages 385--414 . :10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040723

    work page doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040723 2015

  79. [79]

    , author Shazeer, N

    author Vaswani, A. , author Shazeer, N. , author Parmar, N. , author Uszkoreit, J. , author Jones, L. , author Gomez, A.N. , author Kaiser, . , author Polosukhin, I. , year 2017 . title Attention is all you need . journal Advances in neural information processing systems volume 30

    work page 2017

  80. [80]

    , author Piao, S

    author Wang, C. , author Piao, S. , author Huang, Z. , author Gao, Q. , author Zhang, J. , author Li, Y. , author Shan, H. , author Initiative, A.D.N. , et al., year 2024 . title Joint learning framework of cross-modal synthesis and diagnosis for alzheimer’s disease by mining underlying shared modality information . journal Medical Image Analysis volume 9...

    work page 2024

Showing first 80 references.