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Modelling the evolution of the Galactic disc scale height traced by open clusters

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Sandro Moreira, André Moitinho, André Silva, Duarte Almeida

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Submitted 20 Jun 2024

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim A selective disruption of OCs near the galactic plane through GMC encounters is able to explain the SH evolution of the OC population.

how it is stated · asserted 0.73 read the record →

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arXiv ID2406.14661 (version 2)
Pith IDZ32OTIAR, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationAndr\'e Moitinho, Andr\'e Silva, Duarte Almeida, Sandro Moreira. "Modelling the evolution of the Galactic disc scale height traced by open clusters." arXiv:2406.14661 (2024). https://pith.science/paper/Z32OTIAR
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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13.0 via TypeSafe API, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 10,070 input tokens.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.04 · states limitation 0.96 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.10 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.62 · compares with prior results 0.91 · mentions code or data availability 0.03.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v2. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

Context. The scale height of the spatial distribution of open clusters (OCs) in the Milky Way exhibits a well known increase with age which is usually interpreted as evidence for dynamical heating of the disc or of the disc having been thicker in the past. Aims. We address the increase of the scale height with age of the OC population from a different angle. We propose that the apparent thickening of the disc can be largely explained as a consequence of a stronger disruption of OCs near the Galactic plane by disc phenomena, namely encounters with giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Methods. We present a computational model that forms OCs with different initial masses and follows their orbits while subjecting them to different disruption mechanisms. To setup the model and infer its parameters, we use and analyse a Gaia-based OC catalogue (Dias et al. 2021). We investigate both the spatial and age distributions of the OC population and discuss the completeness of the sample. The simulation results are then compared to the observations. Results. Consistent with previous studies, the observations reveal that the SH of the spatial distribution of OCs increases with age. We find that it is very likely that the OC sample is incomplete even for the solar neighbourhood. The model simulations successfully reproduce the SH increase with age and the total number of OCs that survive with age up to 1 Gyr. For older OCs, the predicted SH from the model starts deviating from the observations, although remaining within the uncertainties of the observations. This can be related with effects of incompleteness and/or simplifications in the model. Conclusions. A selective disruption of OCs near the galactic plane through GMC encounters is able to explain the SH evolution of the OC population.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 Context. background 1.00 0.02 0.01 unclear 1.00
s1 The scale height of the spatial distribution of open clusters (OCs) in the Milky Way exhibits a well known increase with age which is usually interpreted as evidence for dynamical heating of the disc or of the disc having been thicker in the past. Aims. background 1.00 0.05 0.02 asserted 0.97
s2 We address the increase of the scale height with age of the OC population from a different angle. contribution 0.93 0.68 0.02 unclear 0.72
s3 We propose that the apparent thickening of the disc can be largely explained as a consequence of a stronger disruption of OCs near the Galactic plane by disc phenomena, namely encounters with giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Methods. contribution 0.93 0.59 0.15 hedged possibility 0.70
s4 We present a computational model that forms OCs with different initial masses and follows their orbits while subjecting them to different disruption mechanisms. method 0.99 0.95 0.02 asserted 0.95
s5 To setup the model and infer its parameters, we use and analyse a Gaia-based OC catalogue (Dias et al. 2021). method 1.00 0.85 0.01 asserted 0.98
s6 We investigate both the spatial and age distributions of the OC population and discuss the completeness of the sample. method 0.83 0.91 0.02 unclear 0.72
s7 The simulation results are then compared to the observations. Results. method 0.43 0.23 0.01 unclear 0.89
s8 Consistent with previous studies, the observations reveal that the SH of the spatial distribution of OCs increases with age. result 0.95 0.47 0.03 asserted 0.52
s9 We find that it is very likely that the OC sample is incomplete even for the solar neighbourhood. result 0.92 0.94 0.03 hedged possibility 0.91
s10 The model simulations successfully reproduce the SH increase with age and the total number of OCs that survive with age up to 1 Gyr. result 1.00 0.95 0.15 asserted 1.00
s11 For older OCs, the predicted SH from the model starts deviating from the observations, although remaining within the uncertainties of the observations. result 0.90 0.92 0.04 asserted 0.98
s12 This can be related with effects of incompleteness and/or simplifications in the model. Conclusions. limitation 0.57 0.60 0.04 hedged possibility 0.92
s13 A selective disruption of OCs near the galactic plane through GMC encounters is able to explain the SH evolution of the OC population. interpretation 0.61 0.88 0.97 asserted 0.73

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: simulation study 1.00 · evidence from simulation or computation 0.95.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v2
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
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  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

Context. The scale height of the spatial distribution of open clusters (OCs) in the Milky Way exhibits a well known increase with age which is usually interpreted as evidence for dynamical heating of the disc or of the disc having been thicker in the past. Aims. We address the increase of the scale height with age of the OC population from a different angle. We propose that the apparent thickening of the disc can be largely explained as a consequence of a stronger disruption of OCs near the Galactic plane by disc phenomena, namely encounters with giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Methods. We present a computational model that forms OCs with different initial masses and follows their orbits while subjecting them to different disruption mechanisms. To setup the model and infer its parameters, we use and analyse a Gaia-based OC catalogue (Dias et al. 2021). We investigate both the spatial and age distributions of the OC population and discuss the completeness of the sample. The simulation results are then compared to the observations. Results. Consistent with previous studies, the observations reveal that the SH of the spatial distribution of OCs increases with age. We find that it is very likely that the OC sample is incomplete even for the solar neighbourhood. The model simulations successfully reproduce the SH increase with age and the total number of OCs that survive with age up to 1 Gyr. For older OCs, the predicted SH from the model starts deviating from the observations, although remaining within the uncertainties of the observations. This can be related with effects of incompleteness and/or simplifications in the model. Conclusions. A selective disruption of OCs near the galactic plane through GMC encounters is able to explain the SH evolution of the OC population.

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Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

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