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Random p-adic matrices with fixed zero entries and the Cohen--Lenstra distribution

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arxiv 2409.01226 v3 pith:WDQRTS7Z submitted 2024-09-02 math.NT math.COmath.PR

Random p-adic matrices with fixed zero entries and the Cohen--Lenstra distribution

classification math.NT math.COmath.PR
keywords randomentriesdistributionmathbbadiccohen--lenstrafixedmatrices
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In this paper, we study the distribution of the cokernels of random $p$-adic matrices with fixed zero entries. Let $X_n$ be a random $n \times n$ matrix over $\mathbb{Z}_p$ in which some entries are fixed to be zero and the other entries are i.i.d. copies of a random variable $\xi \in \mathbb{Z}_p$. We consider the minimal number of random entries of $X_n$ required for the cokernel of $X_n$ to converge to the Cohen--Lenstra distribution. When $\xi$ is given by the Haar measure, we prove a lower bound of the number of random entries and prove its converse-type result using random regular bipartite multigraphs. When $\xi$ is a general random variable, we determine the minimal number of random entries. Let $M_n$ be a random $n \times n$ matrix over $\mathbb{Z}_p$ with $k$-step stairs of zeros and the other entries given by independent random $\epsilon$-balanced variables valued in $\mathbb{Z}_p$. We prove that the cokernel of $M_n$ converges to the Cohen--Lenstra distribution under a mild assumption. This extends Wood's universality theorem on random $p$-adic matrices.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

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