Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs

As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 42 of 42 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.12685.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.12685 v1

Coverage vector

measured 42 of 42 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.198854Z

measured 42 of 42 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

42 of 42 outbound references displayed

verified exact14
verified fuzzy15
unresolved8
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
metadata mismatch3

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8401f6f0-27bc-4621-add3-338ad7789296 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.438291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation e7e67c95-9807-41a1-b65d-454c64b88d78 · outbound

This paper cites Al-Qureshi, T.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Al-Qureshi, T

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:11.985323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a2722335-5f69-42aa-9223-b4a1bcab32b5 · outbound

This paper cites Salian, et al., ”Proposed System for Sign Language Recognition,” in Proc.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Salian, et al., ”Proposed System for Sign Language Recognition,” in Proc

Reference 3

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.069109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation da793424-9123-44c6-a1b6-c1ce7f3c7475 · outbound

This paper cites Mubashira and A.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Mubashira and A

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.984992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation c752aa20-f5f5-4566-881f-968c71f1c117 · outbound

This paper cites Halder and A.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Halder and A

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.452137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 3137f5c5-9915-4e00-9a3d-cbf793d3ea62 · outbound

This paper cites Shin, et al., ”Korean Sign Language Recognition Using Transformer- Based Deep Neural Network,” Applied Sciences, vol.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Shin, et al., ”Korean Sign Language Recognition Using Transformer- Based Deep Neural Network,” Applied Sciences, vol

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.437921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 9f7080e4-5049-4135-88f2-7265054cff91 · outbound

This paper cites Wang, et al., ”Improved 3D-ResNet Sign Language Recognition Algorithm with Enhanced Hand Features,” Scientific Reports , vol.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Wang, et al., ”Improved 3D-ResNet Sign Language Recognition Algorithm with Enhanced Hand Features,” Scientific Reports , vol

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.400854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 1ff080c3-3a90-42ed-972b-02d3a80bdbec · outbound

This paper cites Sahoo, G.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Sahoo, G

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.421390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 3b859213-5d23-4a3d-afd0-00325dd94c1d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.401929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 1e5c4858-5007-4880-980d-f9278cad3e2f · outbound

This paper cites Shenoy, et al., ”Real-time Indian Sign Language (ISL) Recognition,” in Proc.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Shenoy, et al., ”Real-time Indian Sign Language (ISL) Recognition,” in Proc

Reference 10

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.030562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fd75a4ff-6aca-44f7-a175-90e3ad5962c5 · outbound

This paper cites Sharma, et al., ”Translating Speech to Indian Sign Language Using Natural Language Processing,” Future Internet, vol.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Sharma, et al., ”Translating Speech to Indian Sign Language Using Natural Language Processing,” Future Internet, vol

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.382348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 40bbf80a-82e2-471e-b00f-426e9199ae61 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.804277Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation caa3376d-762f-4267-bb98-e988051ed238 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.370457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 044e3499-d52e-402b-af77-85d4183eec0a · outbound

This paper cites Gupta and R.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Gupta and R

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.355623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ae2bb169-3aa6-4ee3-84e3-6ddf5e4d3148 · outbound

This paper cites Jain and R.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Jain and R

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.364680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation f773d685-68f1-4f77-9024-7379278560a6 · outbound

This paper cites Kumar and B.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Kumar and B

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.348850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation e698150a-126c-4ebb-a1eb-1b0b5fe9448e · outbound

This paper cites Patel and P.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Patel and P

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.321158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 6ba691e4-2573-4a18-aec1-6e187960bfdc · outbound

This paper cites Sharma and S.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Sharma and S

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.292042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 5f299cc9-28af-4133-a12a-310ecf5a639c · outbound

This paper cites Singh and R.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Singh and R

Reference 20

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.096463Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc185127-e691-4e6b-af52-d1f6a92262b1 · outbound

This paper cites Singh and A.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Singh and A

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.269129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ef46504a-3213-4f9f-9507-393137b461f4 · outbound

This paper cites Aggarwal, et al., ”A Survey on Sign Language Recognition Tech- niques: Challenges and Future Directions,” Journal of Ambient Intelli- gence and Humanized Computing , vol.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Aggarwal, et al., ”A Survey on Sign Language Recognition Tech- niques: Challenges and Future Directions,” Journal of Ambient Intelli- gence and Humanized Computing , vol

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.321167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation d242f767-1fa9-4d09-9664-e58bd7153171 · outbound

This paper cites Bansal and S.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Bansal and S

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.247890Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 93fd33fa-cc70-46d9-b47d-55133ff5b68a · outbound

This paper cites Chauhan and A.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Chauhan and A

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.229788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 1a35c6f7-50b7-4931-8049-984d994e7ab8 · outbound

This paper cites Chaudhary and S.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Chaudhary and S

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.292235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 7ab41650-7bbb-4fcb-a079-7a038781fb1f · outbound

This paper cites Goyal and S.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Goyal and S

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.215047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 93383348-9000-45b5-8087-6b626baf0acb · outbound

This paper cites Kumar, et al., ”Sign Language Recognition: A Review,” Int.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Kumar, et al., ”Sign Language Recognition: A Review,” Int

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.196839Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation d6e666ca-4594-450c-a4fb-98a083187436 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.276995Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ed139cc4-d750-4d21-aa51-976ba9aef7ad · outbound

This paper cites Ko, et al., ”Sign Language Translation with Multimodal Neural Machine Translation,” in Proc.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Ko, et al., ”Sign Language Translation with Multimodal Neural Machine Translation,” in Proc

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.261384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 4267d209-793d-46b0-92df-6e65dc2ddeb5 · outbound

This paper cites Wang, et al., ”Towards Sign Language Translation: A Review,” IEEE Trans.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Wang, et al., ”Towards Sign Language Translation: A Review,” IEEE Trans

Reference 31

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.720738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ab009696-b472-4930-8a40-a0daa10b1d73 · outbound

This paper cites Gong, et al., ”LLMs are good sign language translators,” in Proc.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Gong, et al., ”LLMs are good sign language translators,” in Proc

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.175548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 1588c729-b89e-4ed2-b910-1d2a89c1589c · outbound

This paper cites Factorized Learning Assisted with Large Language Model for Gloss-free Sign Language Translation.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Factorized Learning Assisted with Large Language Model for Gloss-free Sign Language Translation

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.160303Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 05c97cbf-7266-4742-a6e9-19a39172a695 · outbound

This paper cites SignLLM: Sign Language Production Large Language Models.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs SignLLM: Sign Language Production Large Language Models

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.165366Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 367b4c55-db8c-4612-97dc-c48ffd9b6469 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.244990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 79154764-a765-4c57-992a-f61e8ac4beab · outbound

This paper cites Relevant Intrinsic Feature Enhancement Network for Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Relevant Intrinsic Feature Enhancement Network for Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation

Reference 36

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.603018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation dd1f55b4-7e77-4829-8544-97568a7eac93 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.181004Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e9353452-c87f-4adf-a950-4ad5582222fb · outbound

This paper cites LLMs are Good Sign Language Translators.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs LLMs are Good Sign Language Translators

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.184944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e4ba62f-0c8b-4e12-a7f2-b02910e8413d · outbound

This paper cites Textually Pretrained Speech Language Models.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Textually Pretrained Speech Language Models

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.189715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0cf98a3b-d917-46d6-9f46-ee24f8ff1d62 · outbound

This paper cites Hertz, ”Comparison of LLMs: Evaluating Large Lan- guage Models,” Leeway Hertz , 2024 [Online].

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Hertz, ”Comparison of LLMs: Evaluating Large Lan- guage Models,” Leeway Hertz , 2024 [Online]

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:13.153366Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 9c7be578-7dc2-4f23-8549-0db510c6d985 · outbound

This paper cites Natarajan et al., ”Development of an End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Sign Language Recognition, Translation, and Video Generation,” in IEEE Access, vol.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Natarajan et al., ”Development of an End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Sign Language Recognition, Translation, and Video Generation,” in IEEE Access, vol

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.198854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1cb033b4-ea07-43a2-a64b-0dcb3b186779 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 2021

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.340996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 16e31942-f9e7-486f-80f7-01e45c54b333 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 2022

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.383617Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 5019e5cb-1ef6-43c6-a0a1-ed5d24f71aa5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhanced Sign Language Translation between American Sign Language (ASL) and Indian Sign Language (ISL) Using LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 2023

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T17:19:12.421800Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.