Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T15:33:30.363072Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 52 of 52 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.14137.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T15:33:30.363072Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
52 of 52 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 0725f70a-b521-4fa7-a790-7e563d81a0a5 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Text Is Not All You Need: Multimodal Prompting Helps LLMs Understand Humor
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6509cdc8-b1db-471e-ae37-2a63dbf15b71 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Improv- ing image generation with better captions
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 4fcbfafb-4a7c-468f-9b6f-ee5a58a999be · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Explicit modelling of theory of mind for belief prediction in nonverbal social interactions
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation e703c411-b4c2-44c3-b556-8df40b437cde · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions FLUTE: Figurative language understand- ing through textual explanations
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 3bed0c64-0023-4bc1-9a7a-5629e3bb8d32 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Through the theory of mind’s eye: Reading minds with multimodal video large language models
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 076bcb41-30e8-4181-8095-28dfe22918c9 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ae2b0df4-b8e5-4646-a0bc-6b4ad9ea0a27 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions The limitations of large language models for understanding human language and cognition
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 50da5126-56f0-4f38-a2bd-ac5fe18a9868 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Docmsu: A comprehensive benchmark for document- level multimodal sarcasm understanding
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 888c766c-645b-4fa7-b65a-d6f0dca1cf52 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions BOSS: A Benchmark for Human Belief Prediction in Object-context Scenarios
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6a8363b7-6d8e-4f6e-a481-c3aa7310b7f9 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Multi-modal hallucination control by visual information grounding
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 474b4c43-8531-4f92-b1f5-495d965d8294 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation d565480c-4a1b-4889-b6c8-9989c5576a98 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b6b50aad-7f55-4664-8295-391da868bac1 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions UR-FUNNY: A multimodal language dataset for understanding humor
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation a2125613-fafd-4ba1-b62f-c8a089fbd807 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions understanding
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 896b2410-579c-4b57-acec-8ded9fbcba2b · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions MemeCap: A Dataset for Captioning and Interpreting Memes
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 02042789-40c8-494c-84e2-5f290b674e13 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Meme-ingful Analysis: Enhanced Understanding of Cyberbullying in Memes Through Multimodal Explanations
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ee465fe2-afb8-4954-bf46-a44d9d94c6a4 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions MMToM-QA: Mul- timodal theory of mind question answering
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 7d2953d2-7611-4b2f-a6d3-92410c0da2ce · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Yolov11: An overview of the key architectural enhancements, 2024
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation f2e92296-a41c-4d75-aff4-f75c8418537a · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions When did you become so smart, oh wise one?! sarcasm explanation in multi-modal multi-party dia- logues
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 5c2e77f2-115f-420c-b3ed-7cba9a6afc8f · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Explaining (sarcastic) utterances to enhance affect understanding in multimodal dialogues
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation edf4a422-c6cd-41d2-a83e-3a6376b6ca47 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions SBU figures it out: Models explain figurative language
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation b50fce51-3132-453c-a6df-1805cb831506 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions What matters when building vision-language mod- els? Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37: 87874–87907, 2025
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation bc88d951-6b2d-4ede-8489-658ff5da0aca · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 10067569-cc7f-454c-a399-5167e453cc4f · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Llava-next-interleave: Tackling multi-image, video, and 3d in large multimodal models, 2024
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 3e0280d9-2206-46db-bbdf-f65036490f6b · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Li, Sachin Goyal, Joao D
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 372eb27f-ab0c-4fdd-9d65-451b9964e9c0 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Lawrence Zitnick
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 62148796-817b-4784-8359-2d4067a3e572 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions I’d rather just go to bed
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 4a30158a-bbd4-454f-a035-56074b10d43a · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Ovis: Structural Embedding Alignment for Multimodal Large Language Model
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e4966893-9e12-4ab7-b0d4-2a9fdff21652 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Phi-3 technical report: A highly capable language model locally on your phone, 2024
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 374a0525-13a6-45ab-95cb-9deafafa9a8b · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions What is the real intention behind this question? dataset collec- tion and intention classification
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 5cf83a1b-4209-40bf-8ef6-5ead41dd6743 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 8a9a8a9b-61e0-43c1-a99c-c31f6d4b938c · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Sentiment-enhanced graph-based sarcasm explanation in dialogue
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a71c14b5-927e-419c-b450-4b29876865ab · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 98702e3a-598d-45b7-83dc-41c4cfa640c1 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and brain sciences, 1(4): 515–526, 1978
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation aebe7f45-fbbd-4a84-bccd-8936be49e26b · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Movie description
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation abc18ea5-439b-42e7-8be0-9fa1e59807ef · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Minding language models’ (lack of) theory of mind: A plug-and-play multi-character belief tracker
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 6e1dcf27-8b75-47fc-bdcc-2e6d327657cd · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Muma-tom: Multi-modal multi-agent theory of mind, 2024
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation c7160918-d9e7-42f7-b088-b65fb9f8f0fd · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions PUB: A pragmatics understanding benchmark for assessing LLMs’ pragmatics capabilities
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 19f5b359-332b-4f1e-9dd1-4579c83a7168 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions DeepMet: A reading com- prehension paradigm for token-level metaphor detection
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation ac6e0274-2e0f-4296-ab3a-dfd7bc45b0bd · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions DI- RECT: Direct and indirect responses in conversational text corpus
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 3d4ab97b-f7b2-48df-bfd2-effaea1efd81 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Ego4d: Around the world in 3,000 hours of egocentric video
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 6a1a174a-3c50-46cf-9956-e946f535b7b3 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Internvl3: Exploring advanced training and test-time recipes for open-source multimodal models,
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 64215739-8da2-4f15-85f0-f14fa0a9f0a4 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Qwen2.5-vl technical report, 2025
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 7039ac4c-e6ae-41e4-ba7f-f40275c4632e · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Chain-of- thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 2ca64840-700a-4362-9b3c-50a5d6f7dd53 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Social-iq 2.0 challenge: Benchmarking multimodal so- cial understanding
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation a38ae968-6e21-4293-a9b3-c11a7db38f49 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions From recognition to cognition: Visual commonsense reason- ing
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 57b16e8c-2461-49c2-abd4-73f33b42913e · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Socratic models: Composing zero-shot multimodal reasoning with language
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation f0c3630d-05ff-4c7a-a3d6-12295b58a447 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Wein- berger, and Yoav Artzi
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation e0a86bdf-ff9a-4530-9bb7-513d136e4fa8 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Bad” column while prioritizing those in the “Good
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation e95b160c-5c97-4ad7-b7a9-b24ed52add92 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Hey person2
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation b5850ed6-dbe6-48d5-83a4-cb1257283f3f · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions open the window
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.
Observation 32120be0-7b3a-4d22-861a-b96d80eb6db9 · outbound
VAGUE: Visual Contexts Clarify Ambiguous Expressions Unresolved cited work
Reference 2020
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.