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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization

As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 59 of 59 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.14166.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.14166 v3

Coverage vector

measured 59 of 59 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.305228Z

measured 59 of 59 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

59 of 59 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy21
  • unresolved36
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation fbe1dd60-540e-4772-9682-7b3e1c5d26c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.340944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.778138Z digest=sha256:9bfe947049b9b125497211d9a84c233f1aff03ced3fbbb46d3905749fad8c7d3

Observation b0076a28-f1b8-4ca2-8100-6a3f1643c7c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.306042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.789115Z digest=sha256:e2e2eb7cf0cc2123b43f4b32e5dc9cd2d2827484546e354de321deaaadf29bc7

Observation 35b36d6a-e472-448a-8a9f-c91d4556a49d · outbound

This paper cites Arora, S.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Arora, S

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.283962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.797691Z digest=sha256:f0a38d05a5c9b67edeef46cb845b16e011997da18c4f2a0f9a44e07d05485cf4

Observation a8692b2c-c6d0-4a21-9968-44e2a80089be · outbound

This paper cites Bertinetto, J.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Bertinetto, J

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.245825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.810779Z digest=sha256:f456325ebbe3e350417fcbb405f7b78c40bdc7ffe60a516df8e70c55f16f8a38

Observation 611f07d6-e145-4f33-bca8-f0de23850e1b · outbound

This paper cites Chang, M.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Chang, M

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.222114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.821965Z digest=sha256:11a16d1fe7f1f46bb2203d6ec2326662b7fa389ff9ba071ddb125827bdb98666

Observation 6e598d5b-a951-406e-a53d-79474511e867 · outbound

This paper cites Chen and A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Chen and A

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.178473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.827513Z digest=sha256:9b0d254cc6fe34854a13b2fe855146a7006f3ac90c62d4bfd6f541cac532a34d

Observation bace8cf9-799b-40c2-9a68-321238c67e64 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.160741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.836105Z digest=sha256:4f4471f88eda5d9f9b1df15d6b37cd4d502e86048c0fbf95b653ee8ea67cdcd6

Observation cb11a721-e8ff-4ba3-95a9-011b07c79109 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.140519Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.842772Z digest=sha256:785edaaf457a7c0b9eaa232eb7e617ad3798c3c20c7db9cf0bca6f2e6fede924

Observation 77a4965a-f14b-429f-9c78-f7884537e56e · outbound

This paper cites Decentralized Bilevel Optimization.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Decentralized Bilevel Optimization

Reference 9

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.904429Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.854926Z digest=sha256:fe97fefb1fbd40a078dec9bfa0ac5ccedae8122ff017d35520fd517b693e2b1a

Observation b28c4f4a-fabb-4c75-a57b-be511f7bba86 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.116148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.867853Z digest=sha256:057143fd3b5fbe8f138918ea60b97baa0afc6eaf4441afdf5e03a067e3bc43b7

Observation f6be59ec-148f-43cf-93e6-5025ac101ec6 · outbound

This paper cites Optimal Algorithms for Stochastic Bilevel Optimization under Relaxed Smoothness Conditions.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Optimal Algorithms for Stochastic Bilevel Optimization under Relaxed Smoothness Conditions

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:58.875393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.875393Z digest=sha256:204ca8b780ef75edfeeae60aba12fb414a332c23940054f4eaea07559d568e9b

Observation 62d37e52-5187-4473-90a7-6703bca6f64e · outbound

This paper cites Dagréou, P.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Dagréou, P

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.089460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.882403Z digest=sha256:e0d2ae15bb20a5788c43d0f4d68441a6f9d57d16a5cd679d8079c755bfd4e9a6

Observation 49185202-f8f8-4563-b66c-a2a6cf02fb1a · outbound

This paper cites Di Lorenzo and G.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Di Lorenzo and G

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.039101Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.891717Z digest=sha256:cae8bb5093cf1cc8cebe1ee3ce0f9f41c0dcc9da923386378fb07d4c11981a00

Observation 7703e7ad-1cb6-4bfc-a765-4d39b7578470 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:01.014599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.898800Z digest=sha256:159f461cc121a4296cec560a5f6360d4f30a6a73a5edeb6e03819ae7e3def1fb

Observation 8df695dd-542c-41e5-ad18-cab2236135b5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.971964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.910151Z digest=sha256:5ccb9ca0a6407188222c5067f02007c56f7cebab90dc84b98e2473789fd8172b

Observation 34d64e6a-028a-487f-84a5-5f2e208af050 · outbound

This paper cites A Single-Loop Algorithm for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization A Single-Loop Algorithm for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:58.919683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.919683Z digest=sha256:927fb7f0ad09be1f015202ad53a69477af2248a773f702333251f4a8ef3333fe

Observation 0bab03dc-6786-4b82-8b81-cc2869b2df84 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.944692Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.930689Z digest=sha256:0650ece8578f3477d344c509df69d727829e8f26e79a8c29508cebc1b7d7f67d

Observation 87db7f7b-2471-4654-9807-a17c45483c86 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.922212Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.943487Z digest=sha256:c257c33aa34567a7b1ceae6a58ab262496b100e3179dbe93e9139426d04c0a77

Observation d2b222ea-481b-4a06-b110-32aaa14ccd51 · outbound

This paper cites Franceschi, P.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Franceschi, P

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.893509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.953876Z digest=sha256:932d108df2945fcf48c6fcb93c0a6b9f32ff6d2fa52cb67ac1b0a9c1c8f2b5fd

Observation 02429a62-97a4-4ad9-954b-f98f5dd043ed · outbound

This paper cites LancBiO: dynamic Lanczos-aided bilevel optimization via Krylov subspace.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization LancBiO: dynamic Lanczos-aided bilevel optimization via Krylov subspace

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:58.962567Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.962567Z digest=sha256:d07a66467a5cd8c6a31efe11008439fe5d4465777cc5aaa2fd10112a76f37b54

Observation 3909672f-d2ee-47e0-9b71-f7b25f7caa7a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.863121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.974024Z digest=sha256:7fc2848fec87c05c7917dd0e6e591e7e02629447e67eba86e1bd94004ab41c63

Observation 8b913e65-c43c-4072-88e3-4aac8dbb102c · outbound

This paper cites Approximation Methods for Bilevel Programming.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Approximation Methods for Bilevel Programming

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:58.981141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.981141Z digest=sha256:e6523c8bac7cd6278b7f3c3144fc9f47594ee4e93628a25a041510d1fce7d3d0

Observation 09ca460b-5ba1-481a-b7a8-49b2ab0f778e · outbound

This paper cites Grazzi, L.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Grazzi, L

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.840734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.987424Z digest=sha256:59ffa71dfa8e4fb641dd8fc5ec21b198f4a349050a27d18449383036a4a9ca7f

Observation 348a974c-8f00-422b-8032-44ebcc022827 · outbound

This paper cites Randomized Stochastic Variance-Reduced Methods for Multi-Task Stochastic Bilevel Optimization.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Randomized Stochastic Variance-Reduced Methods for Multi-Task Stochastic Bilevel Optimization

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:58.993987Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:58.993987Z digest=sha256:077f05fbe381bf878f91dca3e38d59d3ea572294aa4aa4bc2b8ab2c695967eca

Observation 571532c6-0454-4acf-b2a2-6fc94ac5a414 · outbound

This paper cites Hong, H.-T.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Hong, H.-T

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.816568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.008496Z digest=sha256:8473861fdf2ca1aa521a0b40dcad24ff70a4c0c32e9c751f85356827af2da51a

Observation cef92806-8dd9-49f4-b3b1-c21bdac55d36 · outbound

This paper cites Jakovetić.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Jakovetić

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.792713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.029459Z digest=sha256:4a782aedd74a7ebbe8f929e49d30a622be694fee358b36621763d8ab165733d0

Observation e0793f1f-a655-4b11-93ca-60bf35fc8d81 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.766480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.038484Z digest=sha256:1383a2cf005a16dde2dc2974821d52a5bbd5899222fb455265d6e796da3c14fe

Observation fc5a77fa-16b6-4b2b-96fb-1de485e09ada · outbound

This paper cites Koloskova, T.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Koloskova, T

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.732028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.044462Z digest=sha256:ec5136a7a6a09eacafd0cdba844411e66681226b3a69cea464795a73cffdc19e

Observation 5838b312-c807-40c4-b874-3a4eaa30c342 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.051130Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.051130Z digest=sha256:b9790daf2ccc609d12e53a9aff6606e3d5409754f874b1e2f92444c6af92af4a

Observation 3b9e30e5-36d3-4fd3-a569-8c5d1e76e5f4 · outbound

This paper cites A decentralized proximal-gradient method with network independent step-sizes and separated convergence rates.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization A decentralized proximal-gradient method with network independent step-sizes and separated convergence rates

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.057934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.057934Z digest=sha256:bc0eecd5e456964ce3d7f0f7a65bb390a52fe8899893b5c489d7eafcb87d4844

Observation 2b26e8ea-d391-4391-978a-78f7405e3f62 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.693034Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.070033Z digest=sha256:d2b809e1e9a52798e33c41a0151793df6082af44e8a81efca69b18f4e4292765

Observation 86baf386-c0f1-409e-901d-4ddc38b3f1fe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.660375Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.076144Z digest=sha256:a930667fd3d938614025a71e29bbddf4e47c4b8ef6d5bee767afc9b6a59af27c

Observation 258ae2a3-08e6-4915-b1e4-a51ac31b0d88 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.622832Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.082158Z digest=sha256:7ce2c8e76c1bf45de1056e9525c4b664fdd586929e8cd29e391931970f98c227

Observation 70026993-0f77-4e49-85d9-9e7ffb49566e · outbound

This paper cites Lu and C.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Lu and C

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.597148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.096184Z digest=sha256:14b35e8a6eb33e4521179c61de43f095ac2048c85d61de177c48921a6318c275

Observation 17d9a781-60e0-4eda-a1e7-412385361de5 · outbound

This paper cites Maclaurin, D.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Maclaurin, D

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.568743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.102673Z digest=sha256:8f709c596989844d64bbe47f4509881afa111d740e81049b931d35860556553a

Observation 18831dd3-3ecb-42ac-8dc2-634d2f06c1a8 · outbound

This paper cites Madry, A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Madry, A

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.543338Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.119957Z digest=sha256:82ddc4f45cc3ecc2a6d5a27589d2cdbee8cc6dc682f1cef52b515f6830818be9

Observation 1ea912f1-0cf2-4f16-aa72-33cb03362a25 · outbound

This paper cites Nedić, A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Nedić, A

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.519663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.127377Z digest=sha256:9bf4e61062aac3337eebbb1b8bb1831d446b1368b379e88cc32a9e0d42f72b3c

Observation 7539d699-681b-42bd-ae67-cb2fd143bacb · outbound

This paper cites Nedic, A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Nedic, A

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.494148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.134496Z digest=sha256:f1d284aad8f4d6595885c090a5917c3ee30251651fd26d35a15abfe573421f9f

Observation 798c32a1-64f3-4295-8e85-19b81f861b9c · outbound

This paper cites Nedic and A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Nedic and A

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.470311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.143132Z digest=sha256:0a419e6b6b0cdc7ef98f78d3d10a6a617df9bc42dfe43251e65521b3ef9592eb

Observation 1036be13-fa4b-4d92-b657-b6e775953827 · outbound

This paper cites Distributed Stochastic Bilevel Optimization: Improved Complexity and Heterogeneity Analysis.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Distributed Stochastic Bilevel Optimization: Improved Complexity and Heterogeneity Analysis

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.155295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.155295Z digest=sha256:1637b9ee4a38611b6fd15e1851be944ffd49f21e2435fcd42e97b77d18bcc738

Observation 3bc05dcc-08d6-49b9-9c50-b24f6b404b75 · outbound

This paper cites Qu and N.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Qu and N

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.429911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.161683Z digest=sha256:0cd9f816f9009261739f5018bb510d706ba18d97e8a8dff2ff3f0f359b1dba2a

Observation be18df1f-27cb-4848-ae0f-53aab92232f8 · outbound

This paper cites Russakovsky, J.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Russakovsky, J

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.404760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.169342Z digest=sha256:5052907af554739a20a8a9f2cca32f672c52b98c976362fbd3c5ec96c31c7f31

Observation 65609810-d980-4b51-89e7-3d57f0c2a4d0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.374499Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.182383Z digest=sha256:f6fe1aedeb03c719803f82d42db321be7f701ed7e1f727f29abcb2fe916f762c

Observation e7159864-c425-4c40-8386-604a8d88ca76 · outbound

This paper cites Shaban, C.-A.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Shaban, C.-A

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.344785Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.189840Z digest=sha256:c1dd57a18c6e442a4adfca7cbdb5c1df63c5db7876983f128878377c18977c37

Observation 5d2b7872-9bca-4094-8e4b-55084190f38d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.323611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.196384Z digest=sha256:b858ddd2ca48b9308d0431584cdc92aba35d829f68718864392fbf0372a88296

Observation 8e1f3441-4ad5-4071-addb-21ed09fccd6a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.298663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.203112Z digest=sha256:63a65fa10577c95afa9dc379fb278935efdee28c830c440e856de472851e5e30

Observation 2490c189-6a9d-40fb-8d74-d491297a1d57 · outbound

This paper cites Vinyals, C.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Vinyals, C

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.272457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.211240Z digest=sha256:cbd79e2f82b9881baaefb9ec821b669bfa360c17a67a078f4d5b2a4448f8d396

Observation a97808aa-5a54-48f2-b1d1-09632bfa3503 · outbound

This paper cites Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.218271Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.218271Z digest=sha256:e0e77fa1b76199e3580a738782fc21fb32cf693921c7ebfc1d89332c42727084

Observation 6aa2e441-8559-4376-ac3d-80bdeeb699ec · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.239162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.226302Z digest=sha256:21eda4b759bf0d8b3a56114aa7dfb2af5facf49a81933a2ba9880a15ebbf93b2

Observation e3c21f72-70d2-425a-85b4-4e5d61bcbb7a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.202792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.232424Z digest=sha256:781ff201779540e0ae4d21fed38a2ed0ab2edca1840e99292fe215516e56e50b

Observation 5797a7e8-6e0a-4b65-bf7a-5aa8192dfd0b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.160000Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.241572Z digest=sha256:42195080924fd3294a9d351fbc9bf56694e1f81b7e2e503ec48ac5af13ddd2a5

Observation df4e2f7d-72e8-4621-b7d6-35ebb4714dd1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.137164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.247698Z digest=sha256:709ba37de4ff5ae49e19118ee314a0882960a86576a8d7774ea3ccecbe1528ef

Observation b2e050f4-cf94-4ddd-b68b-8cbee9627524 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.111399Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.259516Z digest=sha256:655bd8587e0b46f9ff7b734597e58879a1d8fe7f52ef16f6165b947a10383c1b

Observation f408dcac-c5fb-42c4-8379-4ba5b1524a58 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.080626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.265020Z digest=sha256:68bbf68c22b56ec1cb1591e0aa681275f07ea3d3ada03dcff38e20d9a4ab84a4

Observation 1c241b14-f9c9-43c0-9ce0-def471aceb83 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.054545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.272846Z digest=sha256:45464266f4fdb8e943512c89c1ddf939ef770aeb4e5aaa58e8bc7f25f35ad08b

Observation 2324c8c1-76f0-45e6-b431-d8d0e5117b2e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:39:00.004371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.280127Z digest=sha256:8a62e4b597c1cd1be55d1981536a6393e5f3084e795b6c825ad7a673512589dd

Observation 6c569dad-e201-4ad7-af90-918fc818d990 · outbound

This paper cites On the Communication Complexity of Decentralized Stochastic Bilevel Optimization.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization On the Communication Complexity of Decentralized Stochastic Bilevel Optimization

Reference 57

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.287431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.287431Z digest=sha256:fd364efea845cd305ab930c2d66b8aa4527252032bb022c8140049bd865edd44

Observation d1dbbebb-0a17-4b19-910e-9f6ad5ba1f50 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.972036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.299504Z digest=sha256:ccee1edceeafa22aa42348f3df756e76d602c06984de2f19ba557798d9941a78

Observation 5506f1f4-3a71-4808-83a6-3cbece907521 · outbound

This paper cites κ2∥Oy∥2∥ˆek+1 y ∥2 n # + 6(K + 1)γ µgn 3σ2 g,2 L2 f,0 µ2g + σ2 f,1 ! + 73κ4.

SPARKLE: A Unified Single-Loop Primal-Dual Framework for Decentralized Bilevel Optimization κ2∥Oy∥2∥ˆek+1 y ∥2 n # + 6(K + 1)γ µgn 3σ2 g,2 L2 f,0 µ2g + σ2 f,1 ! + 73κ4

Reference 59

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T15:38:59.938887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T15:38:59.305228Z digest=sha256:4e8554d7d12e230bebf52a078d19c7a8e9ed5c1cf681bd2a1b250048161ffc02

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.