Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 4 minor 31 references

An effective description of the instability of coherent states of gravitons in string theory

T0 review · 4 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-12 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read The paper claims that coherent states of string-theory gravitons are unstable under entropy-ascent dynamics, evolving to a mixed state of NS-NS and RR fields with a quantum break time that near equilibrium exceeds the classical one…

desk verdict The SEAQT application to graviton coherent states is new, but the Appendix A orthogonality proof is a non-sequitur, so the central instability claim is unsupported. read the letter →

arxiv 2411.14702 v1 pith:6CPHWKEF submitted 2024-11-22 hep-th

Cesar Damian , Oscar Loaiza-Brito This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-th
keywords coherentstatesdeSitterspacestringtheorysteepestentropyascentSEAQTquantumbreaktimeswamplandconjecturedecoherence
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper studies whether a classical de Sitter space, modeled as a coherent state of gravitons over flat space, can survive quantum effects in string theory. It uses a nonlinear extension of quantum mechanics, the steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics (SEAQT), in which the density matrix evolves along the direction of maximal entropy increase rather than by unitary quantum dynamics. Starting from a pure coherent graviton state, the authors add small admixtures of coherent states built from the other massless fields of type II string theory—the B-field and dilaton in the NS-NS sector and the RR fields—which they claim are orthogonal to the graviton state. They find the pure state is dynamically unstable and evolves to a mixed-state equilibrium, with a decoherence time scale they identify with the quantum break time, and near equilibrium they obtain $t_Q > t_{\mathrm{cl}}$, which they read as agreement with the swampland conjecture that stable de Sitter vacua are absent in string theory.

What carries the argument

The argument is carried by the SEAQT dissipative term $D = \beta(\hat f - \hat\rho\langle f\rangle)$, the difference between the free-energy operator $\hat f = \frac{1}{2}\{\hat\rho,\hat H\} - \hat\rho \hat S/\beta$ and its expectation value, with $\beta$ defined as the ratio of energy-entropy and energy fluctuations. This term projects the dynamics onto the direction of steepest entropy increase while conserving trace and mean energy, and it vanishes on canonical (partial-canonical) states $\hat\rho = \hat B e^{-\beta_{\mathrm{eq}}\hat H} \hat B / Z$. The second piece of machinery is the perturbation ansatz $\hat\rho = (1-\epsilon)|\Phi_g\rangle\langle\Phi_g| + \sum_i \delta_i |\Phi_i\rangle\langle\Phi_i|$ with $\sum_i\delta_i = \epsilon$, built on the claimed orthogonality between the graviton coherent state and coherent states of the B-field, dilaton, and RR sector. Substitution into the SEAQT equation and expansion to first order yields the evolution equation $d\delta_i/dt = -(\delta_i/\tau_D)(\beta[\delta]\Delta E_i - \log \delta_i)$, whose near-equilibrium solution $\delta_i(t) \approx \delta_i(0)\exp(-k_i t/\tau_D)$ defines the quantum break time $t_Q = \tau_D/|k_i|$. The identification $\tau_D \sim 1/H$ completes the comparison with the classical break time.

What would settle it

Compute the exact overlap $\langle \Phi_g|\Phi_B\rangle$ for the symmetric and antisymmetric oscillator operators at finite oscillator level; if this inner product is nonzero for any level, the orthogonality assumption fails and the perturbed density matrix no longer has the entropy-ascent structure the paper assumes.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

On the paper's own terms, the central discovery is that a pure coherent state of type II string-theory gravitons, $|\Phi_g\rangle$, is a non-dissipative solution of the SEAQT equation—its density matrix is stationary because it is a projector onto an eigenstate of the Hamiltonian—but it is dynamically unstable. Any infinitesimal perturbation that mixes in coherent states $|\Phi_i\rangle$ of the B-field, dilaton, and RR fields, $\hat\rho = (1-\epsilon)|\Phi_g\rangle\langle\Phi_g| + \sum_i \delta_i |\Phi_i\rangle\langle\Phi_i|$, activates the dissipative term. To first order in the perturbations, the weights evolve as $d\delta_i/dt = -(\delta_i/\tau_D)(\beta[\delta]\Delta E_i - \log \delta_i)$, with $\Delta E_i$ the difference of mean energies. When $\Delta E_i = 0$ the perturbation grows super-exponentially, $\delta_i(t) \sim \exp(\exp(t/\tau_D))$; in general the system approaches equilibrium when $\beta[\delta]\Delta E_i \approx \log \delta_i$, where the near-equilibrium solution is $\delta_i(t) \approx \delta_i(0)\exp(-k_i t/\tau_D)$. The sign of $k_i$ decides whether the state returns to the graviton ($k_i > 0$) or proceeds to a mixed state of all massless string fields ($k_i < 0$). Identifying $\tau_D$ with the classical break time $t_{\mathrm{cl}} \sim 1/H$ and $t_Q = \tau_D/|k_i|$, the paper concludes that near equilibrium with small $k_i > 0$ the quantum break time is longer than the classical break time, and reads this as evidence that de Sitter space is not a stable vacuum of string theory, in line with the dS swampland conjecture.

Load-bearing premise

The whole argument rests on the claim that the graviton coherent state and coherent states of the B-field, dilaton, and RR fields are exactly orthogonal; if those states actually overlap, the entropy-ascent direction that drives decoherence is not established and the mechanism collapses.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • A pure coherent state of gravitons cannot persist as a thermodynamic state in type II string theory: any admixture of orthogonal massless string states drives it toward a mixed-state equilibrium, so the semi-classical graviton-condensate picture of de Sitter space is at best transient.
  • When the graviton and the orthogonal states have equal mean energy, the perturbation grows super-exponentially, $\delta_i(t) \sim \exp(\exp(t/\tau_D))$, so even a tiny seed makes the pure state unstable on a time set by $\tau_D$.
  • The sign of $k_i = \beta[\delta]\Delta E_i - \log \delta_i$ decides the outcome: $k_i<0$ gives a mixed-state equilibrium of NS-NS and RR fields, while $k_i>0$ restores the graviton coherent state.
  • With $\tau_D \sim 1/H$, the quantum break time scales as $t_Q \sim 1/(|k_i| H)$; for small $k_i>0$ this gives $t_Q > t_{\mathrm{cl}}$, meaning classical nonlinearities would destroy the de Sitter description before quantum decoherence does.
  • At equilibrium the density matrix takes canonical form on the support of the states, so the attractor is a thermodynamic mixture rather than a pure state, in line with entropy maximization.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Going beyond the paper, the orthogonality claim in Appendix A is directly testable: evaluating the inner product $\langle \Phi_g|\Phi_B\rangle$ at finite oscillator level would show whether the entropy-ascent direction is as strong as assumed, since the vanishing commutator $[S^{\mu\nu}_n, A^{\rho\sigma}_m]=0$ does not by itself imply the exponentiated coherent states have zero overlap.
  • Editorial inference: if the mechanism is correct, the same SEAQT instability should apply to any pure coherent state with orthogonal partners, so B-field or dilaton coherent states would also decohere, giving a general coherent-state instability in string theory rather than a graviton-specific one.
  • The paper's $t_Q \sim 1/(|k_i| H)$ can be compared with the previously proposed bound $t_Q \sim M_{Pl}^2/H^3$ from [1]; equating the two fixes $|k_i| \sim H^2/M_{Pl}^2$, a quantitative relation a future string calculation could check.
  • A numerical integration of the full SEAQT equation for a two-mode oscillator model of the graviton and B-field coherent states could test whether mixed-state equilibrium is actually reached for the parameter ranges the paper considers.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 4 minor

Summary. This paper applies the Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Quantum Thermodynamics (SEAQT) framework to a coherent state of gravitons in type II string theory. The authors propose that the pure graviton coherent state, when perturbed by coherent states in the NS-NS and RR sectors, evolves via a maximal-entropy-production dissipative term into a mixed equilibrium state. They identify the dissipation time τ_D with the classical break time t_cl ~ 1/H and define a quantum break time t_Q ~ τ_D/|k_i| near equilibrium. They then claim that for small positive k_i, t_Q > t_cl, which they interpret as supporting the swampland conjecture that stable de Sitter space does not exist in string theory.

Significance. If correct, this would be an interesting effective-theoretic account of graviton coherent-state decoherence with a direct bearing on the dS swampland discussion. The paper has a clear structure and a potentially suggestive premise. However, the central derivation rests on an invalid orthogonality proof and on post hoc identifications of time scales, so the claimed result is not currently supported. The manuscript does not provide machine-checked proofs, reproducible code, or parameter-free derivations; its main output is a parametric inequality whose direction is effectively assumed.

major comments (4)
  1. [Appendix A] The proof of orthogonality between the graviton coherent state and the B-field coherent state is invalid. In Eq. (A.11) the authors conclude ⟨Φ_g|Φ_B⟩=0 from the commutator [S,A]=0, but commutativity of the creation operators does not imply zero overlap of the exponentiated states. For single-mode coherent states |α⟩ and |β⟩, ⟨α|β⟩=exp(-|α|²/2-|β|²/2+α*β), which is nonzero for any finite amplitudes. Since the density matrix in Eq. (3.1), its powers in Eq. (3.2), and the entropy operator in Eq. (3.3) all rely on the mutual orthogonality of the states, the decoherence mechanism and the subsequent instability claim are unsupported.
  2. [3.1] The derivation leading to the evolution equations is not shown. Equations (3.12) and (3.13) are introduced with the phrase 'After simplifying' and the expression for β[δ] in Eq. (3.7) is stated without derivation. The 'replica trick' leading to Eq. (3.3) is not explained and appears to assume a diagonal form of log ρ in the orthogonal basis, which is exactly what needs to be established. These equations are load-bearing for the equilibrium analysis in Section 3.2.
  3. [3.2] The identifications of τ_D with the classical break time and of τ_D/|k_i| with the quantum break time are post hoc. The paper identifies τ_D ~ 1/H in Section 3.1 (calling it 'a strong assumption'), and in Eq. (3.20) identifies t_Q ~ τ_D/|k_i|. Consequently, the inequality t_Q > t_cl reduces to |k_i| < 1, which is simply assumed. Since k_i is not determined by the construction, the claimed agreement with the swampland conjecture is not a prediction but an input.
  4. [3.2] There is an internal inconsistency in the stability analysis. In the bullet list following Eq. (3.18), the authors state that k_i < 0 leads to growing perturbations and instability, while k_i > 0 leads to decay and stability. However, for ΔE_i = 0, Eq. (3.13) yields k_i = -log δ_i, which is positive for small δ_i, yet the text right before Eq. (3.14) claims this case is unstable. The sign logic is therefore not coherent.
minor comments (4)
  1. [2] The notation for the dissipative operator alternates between ˆD and D; the reader must infer which is Hermitian. Please define once and use consistently.
  2. [Multiple] There are several typos: 'sugestion' should be 'suggestion', 'proyectors' should be 'projectors', 'in consequense' should be 'in consequence', and 'Lyupanov' should be 'Lyapunov'.
  3. [3.2] The phrase 'the time scale in which the system undergo to decoherence into a mixed state is given by t ∼ ki/τD' should read t ∼ τD/|ki|; the ratio is inverted. The same sign/ratio error appears in the final paragraph of Section 4.
  4. [1] Reference [22] is mentioned as sharing common topics but is not discussed; please clarify the relation.

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged · score 8.0 of 10

The swampland-agreement result t_Q > t_cl is not derived; it is built into the definitions by taking t_Q = τ_D/|k_i|, t_cl = τ_D, and assuming k_i is small near equilibrium.

  1. self definitional [Section 3.2, Eqs. (3.19)-(3.20); Section 3.1 identification of τ_D with t_cl]
    "Notice that the time required to reach the equilibrium, rather the system evolves to a mix state or goes back to a pure state of gravitons, is of the order t ∼ τD/|ki|. (3.19) Since the origin of such evolution is given by quantum scattering among the states of the string, we propose to identify this time as the quantum break time tQ. Together with the identification of the classical break time τD ∼ 1/H, we find that tQ ∼ 1/(|ki|H) ... For a small ki > 0, i.e. when the system is closed to equilibrium conformed by a mixture of coherent states, tQ > tcl."

    The central inequality is forced by the paper's own identifications rather than derived from string theory. The authors define the equilibrium-reaching time as t ∼ τ_D/|k_i| and then rename it the quantum break time t_Q, while earlier identifying τ_D with the classical break time t_cl ∼ 1/H. Since k_i was introduced as 'a very small constant indicating that the velocity of change in the perturbation is very close to zero', the comparison t_Q > t_cl is exactly equivalent to |k_i| < 1, i.e., to the assumed near-equilibrium smallness of k_i. No independent computation fixes k_i from the string spectrum or from SEAQT dynamics, so the swampland-compatible conclusion is a restatement of the parameter choice.

full rationale

The headline swampland claim reduces by definition: t_Q is set equal to τ_D/|k_i|, t_cl is set equal to τ_D, and k_i is assumed small near equilibrium; therefore t_Q > t_cl is guaranteed by the assumed smallness of k_i. The authors themselves flag the τ_D ∼ t_cl identification as 'a strong assumption', and the subsequent 'prediction' t_Q ∼ 1/(|k_i|H) simply re-expresses that assumption. Other elements, such as the SEAQT framework and its external benchmarks, are not circular in themselves. The Appendix A orthogonality argument is mathematically questionable, but that is a correctness concern rather than a circularity, so it is not scored as a separate circular step. Because the paper's central conclusion is forced by its own definitions, the circularity score is high.

Assumptions & free parameters 2 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claims rest on SEAQT as an effective dynamics, on the identification of dS with a graviton coherent state, on the orthogonality of NS-NS coherent states, and on two ad hoc time-scale identifications (tau_D = 1/H and t_Q = tau_D/|k_i|). No new particles or fields are introduced.

free parameters (2)
  • tau_D (SEAQT dissipation time) = identified as tcl ~ 1/H
    Introduced in Eq. (2.2) and fixed by hand to the classical break time in Section 3.1. The paper itself calls this a strong assumption.
  • k_i (near-equilibrium constant) = not computed; assumed |k_i| < 1 near equilibrium
    Defined in Eq. (3.15) and used in Eq. (3.20) to set t_Q ~ 1/(|k_i| H). Its smallness is assumed, not derived from string theory or from the Dvali quantum-break formula.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption SEAQT nonlinear dissipative evolution is a valid description of the string coherent state dynamics
    The paper adopts Beretta's framework in Section 2 without deriving it from string theory; all subsequent results depend on this effective dynamics.
  • domain assumption de Sitter space is represented by a coherent state of gravitons over Minkowski space
    Cited from Dvali et al. in Section 1 and used to interpret decoherence as de Sitter instability.
  • ad hoc to paper Coherent states of the graviton, B-field, and dilaton are mutually orthogonal
    Appendix A attempts to prove this via the commutator [S,A]=0, but commutativity of creation operators does not imply zero overlap of the corresponding coherent states. This assumption is load-bearing.
  • ad hoc to paper The SEAQT parameter tau_D equals the classical break time 1/H
    Stated in Section 3.1 after Eq. (3.14): 'This is indeed a strong assumption which requires a more profound analysis'.
  • ad hoc to paper The near-equilibrium time scale tau_D/|k_i| is the quantum break time t_Q
    Proposed in Section 3.2, Eq. (3.20), with no derivation connecting it to the cited Dvali formula t_Q ~ M_Pl^2/H^3.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of An effective description of the instability of coherent states of gravitons in string theory." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/6CPHWKEF

@misc{pith2026241114702,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: An effective description of the instability of coherent states of gravitons in string theory},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/6CPHWKEF}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2411.14702}
}
read the original abstract

We study the dynamics of a coherent state of closed type II string gravitons within the framework of the Steepest Entropy Ascent Quantum Thermodynamics, an effective model where the quantum evolution is driven by a maximal increase of entropy. We find that by perturbing the pure coherent state of gravitons by the presence of other coherent fields in the string spectrum, there exists conditions upon which the system undergoes decoherence by reaching thermodynamical equilibrium. Following the proposal by Dvali, et al., this suggests the instability of the classical dS space. We identify the time scale it takes the system to reach equilibrium consisting of a mixed state of fields in the string spectrum and compare it with the quantum-break time. Also we find that in such final state the quantum-break time seems to be larger than the classical break-time, in agreement with the Swampland conjectures about the dS solution in string theory.

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

31 extracted references · 11 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Quantum Break-Time of de Sitter

    Dvali, G.; Gomez, C.; Zell, S. Quantum Break-Time of de Sitter. JCAP 2017, 06, 028, [arXiv:hep-th/1701.08776]. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/06/028

    arXiv 2017

  2. [2]

    De Sitter vacua in string theory

    Kachru, S.; Kallosh, R.; Linde, A.D.; Trivedi, S.P. De Sitter vacua in string theory. Phys. Rev. D 2003, 68, 046005, [hep-th/0301240]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.68.046005

    arXiv 2003

  3. [3]

    Slow-Roll Inflation in Non-geometric Flux Compactification

    Damian, C.; Diaz-Barron, L.R.; Loaiza-Brito, O.; Sabido, M. Slow-Roll Inflation in Non-geometric Flux Compactification. JHEP 2013, 06, 109, [arXiv:hep-th/1302.0529]. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2013)109

    arXiv 2013

  4. [4]

    More stable de Sitter vacua from S-dual nongeometric fluxes

    Damian, C.; Loaiza-Brito, O. More stable de Sitter vacua from S-dual nongeometric fluxes. Phys. Rev. D 2013, 88, 046008, [arXiv:hep-th/1304.0792]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.046008

    arXiv 2013

  5. [5]

    Seeking de Sitter vacua in the string landscape

    Leontaris, G.K.; Shukla, P. Seeking de Sitter vacua in the string landscape. PoS 2023, CORFU2022, 058, [arXiv:hep-th/2303.16689]. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.436.0058

    arXiv 2023

  6. [6]

    Systematic exploration of the non-geometric flux landscape 2024

    AbdusSalam, S.; Gao, X.; Leontaris, G.K.; Shukla, P. Systematic exploration of the non-geometric flux landscape 2024. [arXiv:hep-th/2410.22444]

    arXiv 2024

  7. [7]

    Galois groups of uplifted de Sitter vacua

    Damian, C.; Loaiza-Brito, O. Galois groups of uplifted de Sitter vacua. Annals Phys. 2024, 467, 169697, [arXiv:hep-th/2307.08468]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2024.169697

    arXiv 2024

  8. [8]

    On the limitations of non-geometric fluxes to realize dS vacua

    Prieto, D.; Quirant, J.; Shukla, P. On the limitations of non-geometric fluxes to realize dS vacua. JHEP 2024, 05, 008, [arXiv:hep-th/2402.13899]. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2024)008

    arXiv 2024

Show all 31 references
  1. [9]

    What if string theory has no de Sitter vacua? Int

    Danielsson, U.H.; Van Riet, T. What if string theory has no de Sitter vacua? Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 2018, 27, 1830007, [arXiv:hep-th/1804.01120]. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271818300070. – 16 –

    2018 arXiv

  2. [10]

    Bounds on Slow Roll and the de Sitter Swampland

    Garg, S.K.; Krishnan, C. Bounds on Slow Roll and the de Sitter Swampland. JHEP 2019, 11, 075, [arXiv:hep-th/1807.05193]. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2019)075

    2019 arXiv

  3. [11]

    De Sitter Space and the Swampland 2018

    Obied, G.; Ooguri, H.; Spodyneiko, L.; Vafa, C. De Sitter Space and the Swampland 2018. [arXiv:hep-th/1806.08362]

    2018 arXiv

  4. [12]

    Distance and de Sitter Conjectures on the Swampland

    Ooguri, H.; Palti, E.; Shiu, G.; Vafa, C. Distance and de Sitter Conjectures on the Swampland. Phys. Lett. B 2019, 788, 180–184, [arXiv:hep-th/1810.05506]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.11.018

    2019 arXiv

  5. [13]

    The Swampland: Introduction and Review

    Palti, E. The Swampland: Introduction and Review. Fortsch. Phys. 2019, 67, 1900037, [arXiv:hep-th/1903.06239]. https://doi.org/10.1002/prop.201900037

    2019 arXiv

  6. [14]

    Lectures on the Swampland Program in String Compactifications

    van Beest, M.; Calder´ on-Infante, J.; Mirfendereski, D.; Valenzuela, I. Lectures on the Swampland Program in String Compactifications. Phys. Rept. 2022, 989, 1–50, [arXiv:hep-th/2102.01111]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2022.09.002

    2022 arXiv

  7. [15]

    The Swampland Conjectures: A Bridge from Quantum Gravity to Particle Physics

    Gra˜ na, M.; Herr´ aez, A. The Swampland Conjectures: A Bridge from Quantum Gravity to Particle Physics. Universe 2021, 7, 273, [arXiv:hep-th/2107.00087]. https://doi.org/10.3390/universe7080273

    2021 arXiv

  8. [16]

    Lectures on the string landscape and the Swampland 2022

    Agmon, N.B.; Bedroya, A.; Kang, M.J.; Vafa, C. Lectures on the string landscape and the Swampland 2022. [arXiv:hep-th/2212.06187]

    2022 arXiv

  9. [17]

    Quantum Breaking Bound on de Sitter and Swampland

    Dvali, G.; Gomez, C.; Zell, S. Quantum Breaking Bound on de Sitter and Swampland. Fortsch. Phys. 2019, 67, 1800094, [arXiv:hep-th/1810.11002]. https://doi.org/10.1002/prop.201800094

    2019 arXiv

  10. [18]

    de Sitter space as a BRST invariant coherent state of gravitons

    Berezhiani, L.; Dvali, G.; Sakhelashvili, O. de Sitter space as a BRST invariant coherent state of gravitons. Phys. Rev. D 2022, 105, 025022, [arXiv:hep-th/2111.12022]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.025022

    2022 arXiv

  11. [19]

    Consistent Canonical Quantization of Gravity: Recovery of Classical GR from BRST-invariant Coherent States 2024

    Berezhiani, L.; Dvali, G.; Sakhelashvili, O. Consistent Canonical Quantization of Gravity: Recovery of Classical GR from BRST-invariant Coherent States 2024. [arXiv:hep-th/2409.18777]

    2024 arXiv

  12. [20]

    De Sitter quantum breaking, swampland conjectures and thermal strings

    Blumenhagen, R.; Kneissl, C.; Makridou, A. De Sitter quantum breaking, swampland conjectures and thermal strings. JHEP 2021, 10, 157, [arXiv:hep-th/2011.13956]. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2021)157

    2021 arXiv

  13. [21]

    Nonlinear quantum evolution equations to model irreversible adiabatic relaxation with maximal entropy production and other nonunitary processes

    Beretta, G.P. Nonlinear quantum evolution equations to model irreversible adiabatic relaxation with maximal entropy production and other nonunitary processes. Reports on Mathematical Physics 2009, 64, 139–168

    2009

  14. [22]

    The special case of slow-roll attractors in de Sitter: Non-Markovian noise and evolution of entanglement entropy 2024

    Brahma, S.; Calder´ on-Figueroa, J.; Luo, X.; Seery, D. The special case of slow-roll attractors in de Sitter: Non-Markovian noise and evolution of entanglement entropy 2024. [arXiv:hep-th/2411.08632]

    2024 arXiv

  15. [23]

    Nonlinear model dynamics for closed-system, constrained, maximal-entropy-generation relaxation by energy redistribution

    Beretta, G.P. Nonlinear model dynamics for closed-system, constrained, maximal-entropy-generation relaxation by energy redistribution. Physical Review E—Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics 2006, 73, 026113

    2006

  16. [24]

    Decoherence predictions in a superconducting quantum processor using the – 17 – steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics framework

    Monta˜ nez-Barrera, J.; von Spakovsky, M.R.; Damian Ascencio, C.E.; Cano-Andrade, S. Decoherence predictions in a superconducting quantum processor using the – 17 – steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics framework. Physical Review A 2022, 106, 032426

    2022

  17. [25]

    Loss-of-entanglement prediction of a controlled-PHASE gate in the framework of steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics

    Montanez-Barrera, J.; Damian-Ascencio, C.E.; von Spakovsky, M.R.; Cano-Andrade, S. Loss-of-entanglement prediction of a controlled-PHASE gate in the framework of steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics. Physical Review A 2020, 101, 052336

    2020

  18. [26]

    Steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic modeling of decoherence in two different microscopic composite systems

    Cano-Andrade, S.; Beretta, G.P.; von Spakovsky, M.R. Steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic modeling of decoherence in two different microscopic composite systems. Physical Review A 2015, 91, 013848

    2015

  19. [27]

    Relaxation dynamics of nonresonant excitation transfer processes assisted by coherent phonon environment

    Morishita, T.; Kobayashi, K.; Ishikawa, A. Relaxation dynamics of nonresonant excitation transfer processes assisted by coherent phonon environment. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 2023, 62, 102005

    2023

  20. [28]

    A mini-introduction to information theory

    Witten, E. A mini-introduction to information theory. La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento 2020, 43, 187–227

    2020

  21. [29]

    Steepest entropy ascent model for far-nonequilibrium thermodynamics: Unified implementation of the maximum entropy production principle

    Beretta, G.P. Steepest entropy ascent model for far-nonequilibrium thermodynamics: Unified implementation of the maximum entropy production principle. Physical Review E 2014, 90, 042113

    2014

  22. [30]

    The fourth law of thermodynamics: steepest entropy ascent

    Beretta, G.P. The fourth law of thermodynamics: steepest entropy ascent. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 2020, 378, 20190168

    2020

  23. [31]

    What happens in a measurement? Phys

    Weinberg, S. What happens in a measurement? Phys. Rev. A 2016, 93, 032124. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.93.032124. – 18 –

    2016 doi

Pith tools

Reviewed August 12, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.