Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning?

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 22 of 22 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.10509.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.10509 v1

Coverage vector

measured 22 of 22 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.525714Z

measured 22 of 22 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

22 of 22 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy19
unresolved2
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b493d082-769f-4d6f-812b-0a7fb993da8b · outbound

This paper cites Positive and negative implications of the causal illusion.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Positive and negative implications of the causal illusion

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.937816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 320bfc44-e185-494e-90c9-dcacda066fdd · outbound

This paper cites Causal illusions in the service of political attitudes in spain and the united kingdom.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Causal illusions in the service of political attitudes in spain and the united kingdom

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.921910Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 4c21d710-0140-4174-ac1a-2a45c19da7df · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.906469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f431da9a-52c7-4d6e-ab3d-e22e798031fc · outbound

This paper cites Death by homeopathy: issues for civil, criminal and coronial law and for health service policy.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Death by homeopathy: issues for civil, criminal and coronial law and for health service policy

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.890708Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f1b4914c-2efa-44b9-a926-b2d0995c5387 · outbound

This paper cites Hamilton and Robert K.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Hamilton and Robert K

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.874084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f16aaa45-91f7-4bb5-a7f9-ba651321ee12 · outbound

This paper cites Logical fallacy detection.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Logical fallacy detection

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.859114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 75e7d35d-2367-4fe7-bcef-650c70a48b0d · outbound

This paper cites Can large language models infer causation from correlation? In Proc.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Can large language models infer causation from correlation? In Proc

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.844119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 16fdb03a-3376-4f7f-b34b-0fc54b7b372f · outbound

This paper cites LLMs Are Prone to Fallacies in Causal Inference.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? LLMs Are Prone to Fallacies in Causal Inference

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.607741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 6161cdc4-f03e-43dd-ab56-0e1371347b1a · outbound

This paper cites Chain versus common cause: Biased causal strength judgments in humans and large language models.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Chain versus common cause: Biased causal strength judgments in humans and large language models

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.829752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 750f6e5e-8ce5-49cf-bf0a-dce36cde71ba · outbound

This paper cites A robust classic: Illusory correlations are maintained under extended operant learning.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? A robust classic: Illusory correlations are maintained under extended operant learning

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.815311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9fe1ac79-7199-479a-9857-1df1c0fb2080 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Reasoning and Large Language Models: Opening a New Frontier for Causality.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Causal Reasoning and Large Language Models: Opening a New Frontier for Causality

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.468158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c00a11f9-143a-4b0b-aa63-c95817d616e5 · outbound

This paper cites Lagnado, Michael R.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Lagnado, Michael R

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.800105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation de0ee232-8dcd-4c04-8222-9f242e8e7b4f · outbound

This paper cites The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.784008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f6ef5ba0-1f4c-4e70-aa91-f5a0db77ad51 · outbound

This paper cites Vadillo, and Itxaso Barberia.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Vadillo, and Itxaso Barberia

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.765384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 499d7990-d34f-4656-8be5-8f2b69d0b099 · outbound

This paper cites The tendency to stop collecting information is linked to illusions of causality.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? The tendency to stop collecting information is linked to illusions of causality

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.749112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 80141d3a-aca7-434f-9e7f-c89a633483c4 · outbound

This paper cites Context and time in causal learning: contingency and mood dependent effects.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Context and time in causal learning: contingency and mood dependent effects

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.733853Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 51236d45-adb0-4925-ad70-d341d5503f5f · outbound

This paper cites Effects of question formats on causal judgments and model evaluation.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Effects of question formats on causal judgments and model evaluation

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.716425Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 4e1e23f9-a4b9-4c40-9924-335fcaf50773 · outbound

This paper cites Venetis, Leanne Whelan, Bethan Hughes, and Christopher D.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Venetis, Leanne Whelan, Bethan Hughes, and Christopher D

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.698891Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 0f7632cf-f88d-428b-b3c7-1ac695446ff3 · outbound

This paper cites Being honest with causal language in writing for publication.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Being honest with causal language in writing for publication

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.680388Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 73ba82e4-897b-454f-9b2f-e8ae0574a2f6 · outbound

This paper cites Scarcity affects cognitive biases: The case of the illusion of causality.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Scarcity affects cognitive biases: The case of the illusion of causality

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.662649Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 78bb8467-7313-4aa5-bb23-a1471d49d6c8 · outbound

This paper cites Illusion of causality in visualized data.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Illusion of causality in visualized data

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.645030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c76e6a76-ec2e-454c-9e68-b12edb923eef · outbound

This paper cites Measuring correlation-to-causation exaggeration in press releases.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Measuring correlation-to-causation exaggeration in press releases

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.627648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.