Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 56 of 56 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.15557.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.15557 v4

Coverage vector

measured 56 of 56 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.865686Z

measured 58 of 58 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T14:55:56.666623Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-15T05:19:46.615078Z

Reference resolution

56 of 56 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy32
  • unresolved23
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation cd5da5e4-d763-425d-8245-21bb7407f39c · outbound

This paper cites A review of dialogue systems: current trends and future directions,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems A review of dialogue systems: current trends and future directions,

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.697758Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.595184Z digest=sha256:b2ea5181171a9920c37737b9c173883557f396eed4d25b8fbe60fc7abfb3345b

Observation 069dff8c-2df6-49a9-84bd-42f5311879f6 · outbound

This paper cites Software testing of generative ai systems: Challenges and opportunities,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Software testing of generative ai systems: Challenges and opportunities,

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.683310Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.600378Z digest=sha256:36326806820b10a1da1230968927adedb65194bcdbedab4d38a3922f8867e054

Observation 6fa4f9ae-75d9-449a-9f38-3471c356838e · outbound

This paper cites Hotpotqa: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi- hop question answering,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Hotpotqa: A dataset for diverse, explainable multi- hop question answering,

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.668160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.605305Z digest=sha256:73832c8c5aeddc3f29217eb536c81c1d4d6cdd916221c6a8287f73c5187976aa

Observation 1fcf0792-1540-4255-b963-2876d245627f · outbound

This paper cites Decodingtrust: A comprehensive assessment of trustworthiness in gpt models.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Decodingtrust: A comprehensive assessment of trustworthiness in gpt models

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.653480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.610027Z digest=sha256:336869fbfec805097f221bc844e0539bc52c4e88ef229d25a492751c04866291

Observation 499566f3-2434-4cdd-9078-95b8bb5a7bcd · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.614625Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.614625Z digest=sha256:ab92555af6dc98f0e2db37326c38fffaab2f0b18f23a6895ced06ce52d8214a9

Observation bb1c302b-7e4f-4c79-a870-5c3cbcf6c383 · outbound

This paper cites GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.619709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.619709Z digest=sha256:09655199cad8fdbaff0869dc02b7fc134c2a88c0eb25d1a14e28b3b88cb609bc

Observation a7f683bf-66bc-40a8-9c36-4172a54a3a27 · outbound

This paper cites A survey on evaluation of large language models,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems A survey on evaluation of large language models,

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.625099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.625099Z digest=sha256:5aacefd4193f9c71a131581e89390bc4c96f44db296352b05b2d68bfc5c32ed4

Observation 769be06d-e7b7-47a2-95e8-08677ad9b1a5 · outbound

This paper cites ShareGPT Data,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems ShareGPT Data,

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.628738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.629377Z digest=sha256:318486cc0bb4381277ca83ceeefe6e49c0fea271328c611366c398764ef3e237

Observation 75876efb-9200-462b-8abe-be8ed00a86b0 · outbound

This paper cites LLM Defenses Are Not Robust to Multi-Turn Human Jailbreaks Yet.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems LLM Defenses Are Not Robust to Multi-Turn Human Jailbreaks Yet

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.634008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.634008Z digest=sha256:fc72bc0b2d28cd4ecba09d50a6a08593d3a22e2c964a2960024014aa8b9212d5

Observation 122dbb91-1f5a-4e53-a094-6b990a864e5c · outbound

This paper cites MT-bench-101: A fine-grained benchmark for evaluating large language models in multi-turn dialogues,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems MT-bench-101: A fine-grained benchmark for evaluating large language models in multi-turn dialogues,

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.614487Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.638711Z digest=sha256:c8fdd994a8accfe96003222283663435e03004b8f6f9c4aa358d835a72052bd2

Observation 662f4db7-c759-4fab-bdd2-7d671afac391 · outbound

This paper cites Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena,

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.643140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.643140Z digest=sha256:5b90f9499dfe7df6fb69a103dec8950ba2bb1ea5dd087dbd680d916faf49060a

Observation a903227b-2518-481d-9957-2412a706135e · outbound

This paper cites Appli- cation of metamorphic testing in numerical analysis,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Appli- cation of metamorphic testing in numerical analysis,

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.589805Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.652293Z digest=sha256:58470ca028ab345535ff7dec6c5a15dce647baac5ced4bb8195a7127e8a72c10

Observation 1f1d8f1d-ec60-4c42-a527-4d7a36b44144 · outbound

This paper cites Testing your question answering software via asking recursively,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Testing your question answering software via asking recursively,

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.574992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.656541Z digest=sha256:9091f867e47974f810a292659903e33e34b045c598ceb9552326dcd5f9e2a1aa

Observation 4f909497-011e-4753-9cdd-801c2411cbf4 · outbound

This paper cites Metal: Metamorphic testing framework for analyzing large-language model qualities,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Metal: Metamorphic testing framework for analyzing large-language model qualities,

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.546199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.665077Z digest=sha256:b513838edeaf9f795c936ef528edbb5405ae57ea636d6e8452395c31f6bd2afb

Observation aedc3dfa-54dd-4ef7-9ee4-4b3686601f68 · outbound

This paper cites Neural approaches to conversational ai,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Neural approaches to conversational ai,

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.530963Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.669258Z digest=sha256:9f87fefb255916a1c9fce4d3c3c7dd6358cce4e1a64e48deb152536c28a9384d

Observation 220a23ff-2156-4662-a256-d32c159d9f24 · outbound

This paper cites Coqa: A conversational question answering challenge,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Coqa: A conversational question answering challenge,

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.514915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.673614Z digest=sha256:f4767afd901544431a9e71985045818915df3b7b06f08f4a6c107eadcf8bde41

Observation 21103b77-a78f-42e8-98c3-2bd3807b01a7 · outbound

This paper cites A survey of dialogue system evaluation,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems A survey of dialogue system evaluation,

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.500603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.678228Z digest=sha256:192589e642c4bb4fcd26fe8ea96a1f1943a2761b966dc6a5e28cac0c8f9d58b0

Observation cebd7e80-5b9d-468f-adfc-b00a36abe7e8 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Evaluating Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.682754Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.682754Z digest=sha256:d914f8dfdb0d4e32500e499f675d2019d9e875bae8af72c1b1829569167ea928

Observation 512b31bf-753c-402a-aa56-d99f9a4ad693 · outbound

This paper cites DialoGLUE: A Natural Language Understanding Benchmark for Task-Oriented Dialogue.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems DialoGLUE: A Natural Language Understanding Benchmark for Task-Oriented Dialogue

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.687426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.687426Z digest=sha256:ac311b47d6252afe564292847e4d5dab803da3efb0edbf83926b2bd674bcbe02

Observation 03b49369-5801-459d-86ed-8da74b0d23b5 · outbound

This paper cites Drowzee: Metamorphic testing for fact-conflicting hallucination detection in large language models,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Drowzee: Metamorphic testing for fact-conflicting hallucination detection in large language models,

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.692088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.692088Z digest=sha256:9622477d77783fbd0995f24f6fe9a2c11799367a3d67919641335f2e1aa4684f

Observation 07ce1f3a-6e0d-4698-93b8-0d15661efa1d · outbound

This paper cites Leveraging large language models for nlg evaluation: Advances and challenges,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Leveraging large language models for nlg evaluation: Advances and challenges,

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.485891Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.696695Z digest=sha256:42092c8af72674a187a392741d347152350f426db840a8818a8a8451a4bb16ef

Observation e166fa5e-c210-4f11-a55c-35b1573ba0f3 · outbound

This paper cites DialogBench: Evaluating LLMs as Human-like Dialogue Systems.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems DialogBench: Evaluating LLMs as Human-like Dialogue Systems

Reference 24

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.058752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.701351Z digest=sha256:7727c8238934a2d0f1c1731bc660d4b7889af19aaf4415e1ca74c455b138e45d

Observation 68e838b5-9a1c-47fd-892c-7425c794e264 · outbound

This paper cites GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.706061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.706061Z digest=sha256:96ad797c488258ef8d8610d32ecf7d023ca19ff88338a7c8bdff015ba63c326a

Observation 063417dd-fc9b-481b-a57c-626b2c45513d · outbound

This paper cites Parrot: Enhancing multi-turn instruction fol- lowing for large language models,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Parrot: Enhancing multi-turn instruction fol- lowing for large language models,

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.471940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.710870Z digest=sha256:4f4688a5b2a18eddf78ff111937202b09443cb10a9ce3744ab06148cb7183939

Observation 83aea4ad-7624-47e5-8d3b-e0ca6f8fcdae · outbound

This paper cites MT-Eval: A Multi-Turn Capabilities Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems MT-Eval: A Multi-Turn Capabilities Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.715566Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.715566Z digest=sha256:7498bae39b479bb3119675eee298e2ad7e5d8a4651e1ac0d4ae8342fd4b31d99

Observation cc51e12d-9b0c-4636-b45d-2e8181925a91 · outbound

This paper cites MINT: Evaluating LLMs in Multi-turn Interaction with Tools and Language Feedback.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems MINT: Evaluating LLMs in Multi-turn Interaction with Tools and Language Feedback

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.721158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.721158Z digest=sha256:ca9a31f13fd703c6014ea06a6f5effaad9ad5b56d0788375f3311e93c9591b7d

Observation 7745d24c-fa75-455a-acea-86af814f6c8d · outbound

This paper cites BotChat: Evaluating LLMs’ capabilities of having multi-turn dialogues,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems BotChat: Evaluating LLMs’ capabilities of having multi-turn dialogues,

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.456991Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.726393Z digest=sha256:66ddff8754552ddd9934c1e93a58e1c0e0ffd88aa1972f3eaa2b7f87b31b67de

Observation 65f4c591-b58d-4cd9-91d7-b4680f66caf1 · outbound

This paper cites A survey on metamorphic testing,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems A survey on metamorphic testing,

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.731001Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.731001Z digest=sha256:447a10d374170142507e334bd1335712ebc71573710c7fe60e114d884e9de1c0

Observation 5efa980f-5fab-4174-8fdd-9fe24a249e5d · outbound

This paper cites Metamorphic Testing: A New Approach for Generating Next Test Cases.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Metamorphic Testing: A New Approach for Generating Next Test Cases

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.735593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.735593Z digest=sha256:a8bac1aa14d33a14657c813ef929bd4bded8d28e04be15948669e46d0c2a6b30

Observation 25b83a0f-8c07-4164-a6b2-072fae49bc1f · outbound

This paper cites Metamorphic testing: A review of challenges and opportunities,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Metamorphic testing: A review of challenges and opportunities,

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.740449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.740449Z digest=sha256:a929c2bf2ec41184deee90d070709d7f5e097d4d1f049b726ba680846090c50e

Observation 613f4ce7-4151-4c5d-92ff-61037b05e7f4 · outbound

This paper cites Machine learning test- ing: Survey, landscapes and horizons,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Machine learning test- ing: Survey, landscapes and horizons,

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.423816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.744964Z digest=sha256:a78be36b47d3979a483fac2e8a19b10129fc01ff07463178c91744eeb4c13f37

Observation 0b89fa87-c083-4589-8a7f-e8d7d84baf51 · outbound

This paper cites Natural test generation for precise testing of question answering software,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Natural test generation for precise testing of question answering software,

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.560566Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.749631Z digest=sha256:f1f5510aaf5278421cf001854bc713befe28c1f0cc7e89d53e201f8952d05e21

Observation 31ac894d-a33b-4956-b466-07b1d114f783 · outbound

This paper cites Dialtest: automated testing for recurrent- neural-network-driven dialogue systems,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Dialtest: automated testing for recurrent- neural-network-driven dialogue systems,

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.408643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.754682Z digest=sha256:1fae3a94fee424b0dc7e006bcd538855ecad0810dfdf0742f88e8c0295a37acf

Observation 88e64ce3-1dea-4d28-8fce-c6cae94592b5 · outbound

This paper cites A metamorphic testing approach for assessing question answering systems,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems A metamorphic testing approach for assessing question answering systems,

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.392673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.759289Z digest=sha256:b30b5f622c191f433eae2104a1a8a4a347722eaf239b8f55229e5a583d3e8a04

Observation 7d54273a-4860-4fdd-bd69-a2e27b4f9a5a · outbound

This paper cites Filling conversation ellipsis for better social dialog understanding,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Filling conversation ellipsis for better social dialog understanding,

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.377992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.763842Z digest=sha256:d6ae16ca270be774db00f2bf8fe08279f3fb6ff53cc359009f6eff47e40bdb7a

Observation 3805f2ee-723b-4c3e-b3d2-89f0d6c20690 · outbound

This paper cites Mitkov,The Oxford handbook of computational linguistics.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Mitkov,The Oxford handbook of computational linguistics

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.363558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.768335Z digest=sha256:09394e12dbaa94c02d51b31bab2aa99a557d20b5b709aa2ee34f109593ce9f08

Observation 00292d6e-3572-46b5-9752-128585074f1d · outbound

This paper cites Anaphora and coreference resolution: A review,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Anaphora and coreference resolution: A review,

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.348344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.772812Z digest=sha256:e7edf088259872fc33323a2fbef754f73e9c129e1a20e08943dacc467c970c19

Observation 7660433f-916d-4a20-8e91-76ec2bf79167 · outbound

This paper cites From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarization.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarization

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.777537Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.777537Z digest=sha256:c39a13dd26f2518408fb22dd095b039c8fe17c57a7751448bf64f76aa944214c

Observation 3e36c39f-b3fe-41a0-80f8-8d8f09233ac6 · outbound

This paper cites Extract, Define, Canonicalize: An LLM-based Framework for Knowledge Graph Construction.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Extract, Define, Canonicalize: An LLM-based Framework for Knowledge Graph Construction

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.783874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.783874Z digest=sha256:6e2c4a6782aa31a45c055d502f3864542f4568171f655fec825d6c12be3d669e

Observation d24dfe24-c8f9-49e2-909c-4909b472331a · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.788561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.788561Z digest=sha256:1078c84eea6b844615e79ac59a14aa32ea056a481c19e418117444833686e229

Observation f44c7dc7-1453-4dac-8ab4-83451743b9f2 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral-7b-instruct-v0.3 model,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Mistral-7b-instruct-v0.3 model,

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.332368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.793739Z digest=sha256:67224fa3d525de0c83e3857d96f17af2efc4de3d6264e5ffcfeacbfa9c5605ba

Observation 27cfddac-bc88-45e5-b4de-b3e79efe66cc · outbound

This paper cites Llama 3 model card,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Llama 3 model card,

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.798663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.798663Z digest=sha256:d48ddc6431030b1d419782ea37e8b1be40fc377412f1ef77e7f276fcd1109f2f

Observation 7a902399-1bbe-4704-9bac-673685245328 · outbound

This paper cites Team, “Gemma,” 2024.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Team, “Gemma,” 2024

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.803091Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.803091Z digest=sha256:8de2456cf27cd5eaca15ca3291853a272f0b8967bb3c89fda84f1089c226191e

Observation 48cab994-c9a8-41c6-875c-f3f5dfed7237 · outbound

This paper cites Language mod- els are few-shot learners,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Language mod- els are few-shot learners,

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.807530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.807530Z digest=sha256:8a4a94d8f73e37907a33b77f86c251018996a695bdf24c91dd86c3f3cc3aedec

Observation 3cfade8e-dcd7-4b77-9909-06065e854648 · outbound

This paper cites SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems SQuAD: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.812475Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.812475Z digest=sha256:38015f8d5fad2a0e29e112aeb232351b3cb35924fdb3fac3bf9c11948907f32d

Observation 73425cfc-16c6-4d98-8ede-640a136c86db · outbound

This paper cites Know what you don’t know: Unanswerable questions for squad,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Know what you don’t know: Unanswerable questions for squad,

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.289680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.818022Z digest=sha256:dc456159c352873cddf92799d802af879910c67baec4fa2e600a1590d4876c75

Observation a9ee1099-ac90-4ccb-a621-636cee3cc764 · outbound

This paper cites Mutual: A dataset for multi-turn dialogue reasoning,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Mutual: A dataset for multi-turn dialogue reasoning,

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.274645Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.822950Z digest=sha256:5b2010df9678919813ae40f3c04b7bc21fdbc0e9b2e63b9bc34792c0b94754a6

Observation 5f8fbf1b-aae6-4303-a4a9-1e1a3577189c · outbound

This paper cites An Empirical Study of LLM-as-a-Judge for LLM Evaluation: Fine-tuned Judge Model is not a General Substitute for GPT-4.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems An Empirical Study of LLM-as-a-Judge for LLM Evaluation: Fine-tuned Judge Model is not a General Substitute for GPT-4

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.827813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.827813Z digest=sha256:8e611f42b6a6b03c930f2b69dcd966838c084ab1d5b4b83709d7982ca8fd25ea

Observation 49974e84-fefb-412e-92b3-d155e2db70f1 · outbound

This paper cites Opal: Ontology- aware pretrained language model for end-to-end task-oriented dialogue,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Opal: Ontology- aware pretrained language model for end-to-end task-oriented dialogue,

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.259822Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.832666Z digest=sha256:7168934ecc500e33708ccbf971251b7c40d480eb4e3a3cda76f680fec66e6a58

Observation 02a65745-8f11-4e92-a625-2cef3445f092 · outbound

This paper cites ChatIE: Zero-Shot Information Extraction via Chatting with ChatGPT.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems ChatIE: Zero-Shot Information Extraction via Chatting with ChatGPT

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:56.837496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.837496Z digest=sha256:52eb9a4433bf3f51f9be712e9e8f62fd0f6523faece380976ebc88557f910684

Observation 922061ef-e2ae-4efb-b467-dcf04b1a6e54 · outbound

This paper cites Testing graph database systems via graph-aware metamorphic relations,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Testing graph database systems via graph-aware metamorphic relations,

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.244428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.842520Z digest=sha256:1d789a7004d2a2c167b0cac23d94ecc866b753e9526d45a60bbcde0ff2e9b27c

Observation e306b403-54b9-42bb-999f-e907642b6b4d · outbound

This paper cites Metamorphic testing for software quality assessment: A study of search engines,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Metamorphic testing for software quality assessment: A study of search engines,

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.227902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.847198Z digest=sha256:ab6c2e896b5074fe87ceffc3a142a1c0b01502eef48afdff5111f2408e482004

Observation ab95c28e-5f95-434d-a4fe-f873152f0a27 · outbound

This paper cites Testing and validating machine learning classifiers by metamorphic testing,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Testing and validating machine learning classifiers by metamorphic testing,

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.212808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.851876Z digest=sha256:6b2c0219687f9f2b562282831dd2bbcd48e0fb7e88264e3c5a80a47e2a754a8f

Observation d3df67be-58e4-4017-98f3-cbb6cbd6d54c · outbound

This paper cites Mttm: Metamorphic testing for textual content modera- tion software,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Mttm: Metamorphic testing for textual content modera- tion software,

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.198165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.856456Z digest=sha256:81ce0f6de03b5b0f974fd841978cafdd29911967ae53dbd7cc42ff4fff29fb43

Observation 5429a64c-18d3-4640-acf7-84779a841497 · outbound

This paper cites Ontology-based metamorphic testing for chatbots,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Ontology-based metamorphic testing for chatbots,

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.182591Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.861209Z digest=sha256:3a428d981ef89a96025df9fa75e7fc3e4c4f51652bc9cc2d8a6746b513e38a96

Observation a3389b90-247f-4215-a836-8e2f7d0276a3 · outbound

This paper cites Knowledge graph driven inference testing for question answering software,.

MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems Knowledge graph driven inference testing for question answering software,

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T11:22:57.167741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T11:22:56.865686Z digest=sha256:8f9f2967b7f157c7d855bbec06582b2bb29c9d3fc22bc49ba9c7bf2e431fbc02

Pith citing papers

Observation 74526514-5f58-4b19-a06b-67597f6aecc0 · inbound

Rethinking Testing for LLM Applications: Characteristics, Challenges, and a Lightweight Interaction Protocol cites this paper.

Rethinking Testing for LLM Applications: Characteristics, Challenges, and a Lightweight Interaction Protocol MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T14:55:56.666623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T14:55:56.666623Z digest=sha256:b70f6752c9291c5ace6d799637c627bebb46dc7cea89cb7e442583ce1b5cd9b4

Observation 61500a84-b75f-47ec-b7ab-6ab4ed8e434e · inbound

Bidirectional Empowerment of Metamorphic Testing and Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey cites this paper.

Bidirectional Empowerment of Metamorphic Testing and Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey MORTAR: Multi-turn Metamorphic Testing for LLM-based Dialogue Systems

Reference 31

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-19T17:10:42.202763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-15T05:15:57.846560Z digest=sha256:c06118f789790c23989f6284b2dc6988eec2747abe3580171951b326e6bdd797