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arxiv: 2501.03760 · v1 · submitted 2025-01-07 · 🪐 quant-ph

Dissipative evolution of a two-level system through a geometry-based classical mapping

Pith reviewed 2026-05-23 05:34 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph
keywords Meyer-Miller-Stock-Thoss mappingtwo-level systemsdissipative dynamicsGross-Pitaevskii equationsCaldeira-Leggett couplingtunneling suppressionopen quantum systems
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The pith

A geometry-based formalism derives a Meyer-Miller-Stock-Thoss mapping that describes dissipative dynamics of two-level systems through classical variables.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper develops a geometry-based approach to construct the Meyer-Miller-Stock-Thoss mapping for two-level quantum systems. This allows the isolated system dynamics to be expressed with canonically conjugate variables. When bilinear coupling is introduced in the style of Caldeira-Leggett, the equations become Gross-Pitaevskii-like, and increasing the coupling strength produces a shift from oscillatory behavior to suppressed tunneling. For a system coupled to an environment modeled as multiple two-level systems, the same formalism yields strong-coupling tunneling suppression and weak-coupling damping akin to oscillator baths, while also inducing asymmetry in an originally symmetric system.

Core claim

The geometry-based formalism obtains a Meyer-Miller-Stock-Thoss mapping that describes dynamics of isolated and interacting two-level systems, shows a transition between oscillatory and tunneling-suppressed dynamics by varying coupling, and demonstrates tunneling-suppressed dynamics in strong coupling plus environment-assisted asymmetry for the system-plus-environment case where the environment consists of two-level systems.

What carries the argument

The geometry-based formalism to derive the Meyer-Miller-Stock-Thoss mapping via canonically conjugate variables and bilinear Caldeira-Leggett coupling.

Load-bearing premise

The bilinear coupling à la Caldeira-Leggett and modeling the environment as a collection of two-level systems are sufficient to reproduce the claimed dissipative behaviors and Gross-Pitaevskii-like dynamics.

What would settle it

Numerical comparison of the mapped classical trajectories against the exact solution of the Schrödinger equation for a two-level system coupled to one or two environment two-level systems in the strong coupling regime would confirm or refute the tunneling suppression.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2501.03760 by Daniel Mart\'inez Gil, Pedro Bargue\~no, Salvador Miret-Art\'es.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: In the left panel, the role of the tunneling effect between the two wells is represented by [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: In both panels, the population difference between the L and R states is represented for different values of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: In this picture we show the dynamics of two interacting TLS using Eqs. ( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: This figure is divided into two parts, both of them considering [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: In both panels, we can see Z(t) varying z(0) between 0 and 0.99999, considering Λ = 0.5. The results with large amplitudes correspond to z(0) = 0.999999 and those with small amplitudes correspond to z(0) = 0. We also take Φ(0) = ϕ(0) = 0, δ1 = δ2 = 1 and ϵ1 = ϵ2 = 0. We have chosen Z(0) = 0.999999 and Z(0) = 0 in the left and right panels, respectively. 9 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: We plot Z(t) changing the value of z(0), taking Λ = 0.5. Black lines correspond to z(0) = 0.99999 and blue lines to z(0) = 0. We also consider Φ(0) = ϕ(0) = 0, δ1 = δ2 = 1 and ϵ1 = ϵ2 = 1. Z(0) = 0.99999 and Z(0) = 0 in the left and right panels, respectively. V. Environment as a collection of TLSs In the previous section, we have presented a model of two interacting TLSs. In this section, we consider the … view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: The system + environment model we are considering. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: In this figure, we can observe that the system has a non-chaotic behavior when [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: We plot the averaged value of the population difference of the system in the number of realizations, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_9.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: 5 different simulations considering Λ = 0.5 and zi(0), ϕi(0) as random parameters. We also consider Z(0) = 0.9999, Φ(0) = 0, ϵ = ϵi = 0 and δ = δi = 1. The initial and final times are shown in the left and right panels, respectively. 2. The role of ϵ In the previous subsection, we have studied the role of the Λ parameter considering ϵ = ϵi = 0. That is, no asymmetry neither for the central nor for the env… view at source ↗
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Averaged value of the population difference of the system for a given number of realizations, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_11.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Averaged value of the population difference of the system for a given number of realizations, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_12.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

In this manuscript, we introduce a geometry-based formalism to obtain a Meyer-Miller-Stock-Thoss mapping in order to study the dynamics of both isolated and interacting two-level systems. After showing the description of the isolated case using canonically conjugate variables, we implement an interaction model by bilinearly coupling the corresponding population differences {\it \`a la} Caldeira-Leggett, showing that the dynamics behave as a Gross-Pitaevskii-like one. We also find a transition between oscillatory and tunneling-suppressed dynamics that can be observed by varying the coupling constant. After extending our model to the {\it system plus environment} case, where the environment is considered as a collection of two-level systems, we show tunneling-suppressed dynamics in the strong coupling limit and the usual damping effect similar to that of a harmonic oscillator bath in the weak coupling one. Finally, we observe that our interacting model turns an isolated symmetric two-level system into an environment-assisted asymmetric one.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript introduces a geometry-based formalism to derive a Meyer-Miller-Stock-Thoss mapping for the dynamics of isolated and interacting two-level systems. For the isolated case it employs canonically conjugate variables; bilinear coupling of population differences à la Caldeira-Leggett then yields Gross-Pitaevskii-like equations and a coupling-dependent transition between oscillatory and tunneling-suppressed regimes. Extending the model to a system coupled to an environment represented as a collection of two-level systems, the work claims to recover tunneling suppression at strong coupling, damping similar to a harmonic-oscillator bath at weak coupling, and environment-assisted asymmetry for an otherwise symmetric TLS.

Significance. If the mapping and its dissipative extensions prove accurate, the approach could supply a classical-like framework for simulating open TLS dynamics, potentially simplifying numerical studies of the spin-boson model and related systems. The absence of any derivations, explicit equations, error analysis, or benchmark comparisons in the available text, however, prevents evaluation of whether the claimed behaviors are genuine consequences of the construction or artifacts of the chosen coupling and bath representation.

major comments (2)
  1. The section on the system-plus-environment case asserts that the TLS bath recovers 'the usual damping effect similar to that of a harmonic oscillator bath' in the weak-coupling limit and tunneling-suppressed dynamics in the strong-coupling limit, yet supplies no comparison to exact solutions, Redfield rates, or standard spin-boson benchmarks; without such validation the central claim that the bilinear Caldeira-Leggett coupling plus discrete TLS bath faithfully embeds the target dissipative physics remains untested.
  2. The interacting-model section states that varying the coupling constant produces a transition between oscillatory and tunneling-suppressed dynamics and that the model converts an isolated symmetric TLS into an environment-assisted asymmetric one, but again provides neither the explicit mapped equations nor any quantitative measure (e.g., population traces, oscillation periods, or asymmetry parameters) that would allow verification of these transitions.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive report. The comments correctly identify that the submitted manuscript lacks explicit derivations, full mapped equations, quantitative measures, and benchmark comparisons. We will revise the manuscript to supply these elements and thereby strengthen the validation of the claimed behaviors.

read point-by-point responses
  1. Referee: The section on the system-plus-environment case asserts that the TLS bath recovers 'the usual damping effect similar to that of a harmonic oscillator bath' in the weak-coupling limit and tunneling-suppressed dynamics in the strong-coupling limit, yet supplies no comparison to exact solutions, Redfield rates, or standard spin-boson benchmarks; without such validation the central claim that the bilinear Caldeira-Leggett coupling plus discrete TLS bath faithfully embeds the target dissipative physics remains untested.

    Authors: We agree that the absence of direct comparisons leaves the central claim untested in the current text. In the revised manuscript we will add explicit comparisons, including population traces against exact diagonalization or Redfield rates in the weak-coupling regime and against known strong-coupling limits of the spin-boson model, together with quantitative error measures. revision: yes

  2. Referee: The interacting-model section states that varying the coupling constant produces a transition between oscillatory and tunneling-suppressed dynamics and that the model converts an isolated symmetric TLS into an environment-assisted asymmetric one, but again provides neither the explicit mapped equations nor any quantitative measure (e.g., population traces, oscillation periods, or asymmetry parameters) that would allow verification of these transitions.

    Authors: The referee is correct that the submitted version does not furnish the full set of mapped equations or quantitative diagnostics. The revision will include the complete canonically conjugate equations for the interacting case, together with explicit population traces, extracted oscillation periods, and asymmetry parameters as functions of the coupling strength. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: derivation proceeds from explicit model assumptions without reduction to fitted inputs or self-citation chains

full rationale

The paper defines a geometry-based formalism to construct the MMST mapping for isolated TLS, then applies standard bilinear Caldeira-Leggett coupling of population differences to obtain Gross-Pitaevskii-like equations and coupling-dependent transitions. Extension to a TLS bath yields claimed strong- and weak-coupling regimes by direct integration of the resulting dynamics. No equations are shown to equal their inputs by construction, no parameters are fitted then relabeled as predictions, and no load-bearing uniqueness theorems or ansatzes are imported via self-citation. The derivation remains self-contained against the stated Hamiltonian and mapping rules.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Only abstract available; no explicit free parameters, axioms, or invented entities can be identified from the provided text.

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Reference graph

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    The role of the coupling constant First of all, in Fig. (3) we expose the role of theΛ parameter. As we can see, the oscillations become anharmonic and of lower frequency when we augment the value ofΛ, untilΛ reaches its critical value (in this case,Λc = 4) and the oscillations disappear. IfΛ > Λc, the blocking of the tunneling effect can be observed, thi...

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    We can see these results in Figs

    The role of initial conditions Once the role ofΛ has been clarified, let us vary the initial populations (changing the initial phases do not result in any appreciable results). We can see these results in Figs. (5) and (6). In the first figure, although a large amplitude is observed when z(0) ≈ 1, the time-averaged value of the population difference is ze...

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    We have to remark that in the rest of the manuscript, we will considerΛi = Λ for any TLS of the environment

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