Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages

As of 24 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2501.04473.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.04473 v1

Coverage vector

measured 43 of 43 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.908311Z

measured 44 of 44 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:42:25.806307Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-15T20:42:25.931582Z

Reference resolution

43 of 43 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy0
unresolved39
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 0e585c11-2101-4a21-b965-cebde776710f · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.760996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4df33332-8728-4618-a1ab-2241f2d44160 · outbound

This paper cites Guerreiro, Diptesh Kanojia, Jos \'e G.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Guerreiro, Diptesh Kanojia, Jos \'e G

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.765104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cea1ffa7-5026-48e0-8ccf-68a2b5085b4b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.768667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 77b509b9-9117-48c0-a3a2-6f35ab26c3de · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.772318Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3eff7a7c-6cef-4aea-b135-131d1e17683a · outbound

This paper cites QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.776093Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15989086-26b0-43aa-ac39-bdc325ffff31 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.780207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee5b0edc-2f0d-452a-8cc2-bb48f08ae86b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.784390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6bd878c-fa61-434b-bb32-af82569f15da · outbound

This paper cites Larger-Scale Transformers for Multilingual Masked Language Modeling.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Larger-Scale Transformers for Multilingual Masked Language Modeling

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.788905Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 305fad88-6034-45f2-aa7f-3d27939ada52 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:42.263874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 02d143f2-ab81-4ddb-aca7-c818dce19ff5 · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.796007Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7222b608-d9a5-4b0f-a907-537d0e385d43 · outbound

This paper cites Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Not All Languages Are Created Equal in LLMs: Improving Multilingual Capability by Cross-Lingual-Thought Prompting

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.799706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ab30564-5402-44ef-89f6-ab8a7b816651 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.803729Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3484816e-aa64-4f57-8970-3b63f94810bd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:42.254278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 7fc9a981-17a6-4bec-ad18-b020ee973fa3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.810496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 952cf287-f9e7-4524-a201-3fc96f83f895 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.814213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e273ff95-f511-4415-b1e1-2fa26283f7b5 · outbound

This paper cites Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.817504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2717504b-6ad7-4112-8c5a-a99963f2e43e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:42.005093Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation bae18b05-20a9-43b3-bae2-573ac9a0dbb4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.994930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 64434e13-ccba-400f-a825-8238572f7463 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:42.231926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 1b094d6a-81e6-4fad-8372-088b21c25035 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:42.221217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 50e8f481-8389-46d5-a3b0-8e1044de1f76 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.833926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6e686faf-36f3-417f-a2ed-77c8a2832422 · outbound

This paper cites Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.837288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15d26759-6e47-49dd-a059-cf59c34019ed · outbound

This paper cites Mixed Precision Training.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Mixed Precision Training

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.842157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 03b87c18-1b19-4c3a-b3e1-1673b14ff24a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:42.210663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 5ca45894-9575-404f-ab49-63f3ff504724 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:42.200237Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b1da149e-057d-4fbf-a971-5d4f12418eca · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.852024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0c154135-64d9-4a2c-a2d4-a8a4424bc6a0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.855245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fc9a9929-8699-489a-80cb-a18ea6e3b7b6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.858929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation def267c8-fb11-4b64-aede-3a74c0d86cde · outbound

This paper cites Guerreiro, Jos \ A Pombal, Daan van Stigt, Marcos Treviso, Luisa Coheur, Jos \'e G.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Guerreiro, Jos \ A Pombal, Daan van Stigt, Marcos Treviso, Luisa Coheur, Jos \'e G

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.862220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d914bb5c-e0b9-45ca-a4cb-2fa68f7a6fa2 · outbound

This paper cites Trans-Tokenization and Cross-lingual Vocabulary Transfers: Language Adaptation of LLMs for Low-Resource NLP.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Trans-Tokenization and Cross-lingual Vocabulary Transfers: Language Adaptation of LLMs for Low-Resource NLP

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.865073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b9b8fec-1d3c-4a00-b679-1e8def94c9e5 · outbound

This paper cites Mortensen, and Graham Neubig.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Mortensen, and Graham Neubig

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.868287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca6f6f61-7187-4978-b177-10113d51bd49 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:42.178240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation bec42990-76d4-4aeb-a41f-68ea2c14d920 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.962162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 68d2ad4d-65f9-443c-a8f4-8f07bce070ec · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.877929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 57666b35-9770-447d-ae2c-d565fff5cb25 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.952216Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 3a8322cf-e9bb-47da-8cde-4678738524cb · outbound

This paper cites OpenChat: Advancing Open-source Language Models with Mixed-Quality Data.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages OpenChat: Advancing Open-source Language Models with Mixed-Quality Data

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.884934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4785f08b-956d-4582-a764-8c118ff79321 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.888402Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation acc71f14-471b-4118-aab3-120b325258e7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:42.168598Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation ae462093-e80f-49a4-ae86-bb4fb6974801 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.894806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 92a05fe9-3fdf-4291-9184-5af86b7bcef6 · outbound

This paper cites LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Models.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Models

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.898215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ce65bd58-cfae-4124-b1d7-b14a8327b93e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.901641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 50388855-6d2c-4a90-a58e-271fd454590a · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.904720Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 16880839-98ab-40b2-957e-a9f81b249c4b · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages write newline

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:36:41.908311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 4f7dfacf-a85b-49c6-bd4d-3ab1dd1a77e5 · inbound

LLM-Based Evaluation of Low-Resource Machine Translation: A Reference-less Dialect Guided Approach with a Refined Sylheti-English Benchmark cites this paper.

LLM-Based Evaluation of Low-Resource Machine Translation: A Reference-less Dialect Guided Approach with a Refined Sylheti-English Benchmark When LLMs Struggle: Reference-less Translation Evaluation for Low-resource Languages

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T20:42:25.937699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.