Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 6 minor 164 references

Direct measurement of the longitudinal exciton dispersion in hBN by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering

T0 review · 3 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-10 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read The paper claims that the lowest electronic excitation seen in h-BN by RIXS and EELS is a longitudinal exciton from the same $\pi$-$\pi^*$ electron-hole pairs as the transverse optical exciton, and that its dispersion is positive along…

desk verdict A credible first small-q RIXS measurement of the longitudinal exciton dispersion in hBN, held back by missing error bars and an unquantified out-of-plane momentum assumption, but worth refereeing seriously. read the letter →

arxiv 2501.04840 v2 pith:NT4ZQ6CQ submitted 2025-01-08 cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el

Alessandro Nicolaou , Kari Ruotsalainen , Laura Susana , Victor Porée , Luiz Galvao Tizei , Jaakko Koskelo , Takashi Taniguchi , Kenji Watanabe
show 2 more authors
Alberto Zobelli Matteo Gatti
This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.str-el
keywords hexagonalboronnitrideresonantinelasticx-rayscatteringlongitudinalexcitondispersionelectronenergylossspectroscopyBethe-Salpeterequationlongitudinal-transversesplittingindirectbandgap
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper sets out to identify what the lowest-energy neutral electronic excitation of hexagonal boron nitride actually is when probed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). It argues that this excitation is a longitudinal exciton built from the same $\pi$-$\pi^*$ electron-hole pairs as the transverse exciton seen in optical absorption, and that the energy difference between the two is a longitudinal-transverse splitting of 350 meV. It then reports a direct measurement of the longitudinal exciton's dispersion up to $q_\parallel \simeq 0.07$ Å$^{-1}$: the energy increases with momentum along $\Gamma M$ and decreases along $\Gamma K$, the latter reflecting the indirect gap. This matters because soft x-ray RIXS has often been reserved for strongly correlated systems, and here it resolves intrinsic exciton physics in a simple layered semiconductor.

What carries the argument

The analysis runs through the relation between RIXS, EELS, and the dielectric function: both EELS and non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measure the loss function $-\mathrm{Im}\,\epsilon^{-1}(\mathbf{q},\omega)$, and the paper uses the BSE excitonic Hamiltonian $H_{\rm exc} = H_h + H_e + \hat{V} - \hat{W}$ to compute both $\mathrm{Im}\,\epsilon$ and the loss function. Within that Hamiltonian, the repulsive exchange $\hat{V}$ produces plasmons, while the attractive screened interaction $\hat{W}$ produces bound excitons; a longitudinal exciton appears in the loss function where $\mathrm{Re}\,\epsilon = 0$ and the imaginary part is small. On the experimental side, the dispersion is extracted by scanning the incidence angle at fixed excitation energy 190.4 eV with LH polarization, which selects the $\pi^*$ final states, and fitting the two lowest peaks (A and A') with Gaussians.

What would settle it

Perform the same RIXS dispersion scan at a different scattering angle so that $q_\perp$ is held constant or changes oppositely while $q_\parallel$ covers the same range; if the peak positions follow $q_\perp$ rather than $q_\parallel$, the claimed in-plane dispersion is not established. A complementary test is a BSE calculation at finite $q_\perp$ in the same range to see whether the 6.4 eV peak shifts by more than the observed few-tens-of-meV.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper's central claim is that the feature at about 6.4 eV energy loss that appears in B K-edge RIXS and in EELS of h-BN is the lowest longitudinal exciton, not the transverse exciton that dominates optical absorption at 6.12 eV. The evidence is that the measured RIXS and EELS spectra have coincident peaks, and that a Bethe-Salpeter calculation of the loss function $-\mathrm{Im}\,\epsilon^{-1}$ reproduces the 6.4 eV peak at a zero of $\mathrm{Re}\,\epsilon$, which is the defining sign of a longitudinal mode. Because this mode is bound by the attractive electron-hole interaction rather than by the exchange term, it is an exciton rather than a plasmon. The authors further measure its dispersion and find opposite signs along the two high-symmetry directions, which they attribute to the indirect band gap of h-BN.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing assumption is that the out-of-plane momentum component, which drifts between 0.11 and 0.13 Å$^{-1}$ while the in-plane component is scanned, has a negligible effect on the exciton energy because h-BN is a layered material; if that fails, the reported $\Gamma M$/ $\Gamma K$ anisotropy could mix in-plane and out-of-plane dispersion.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • The lowest RIXS/EELS peak at 6.4 eV and the optical absorption peak at 6.12 eV are two views of the same $\pi$-$\pi^*$ electron-hole pairs, so a single Bethe-Salpeter treatment of both $\mathrm{Im}\,\epsilon$ and the loss function should account for both spectra without separate parameters.
  • A negative exciton dispersion along $\Gamma K$ at small momentum transfer becomes a spectroscopic fingerprint of h-BN's indirect band gap, measurable with a bulk probe.
  • The 6.4 eV Raman feature, missed in earlier RIXS studies, should be observable at the boron (cation) K edge but not at the nitrogen (anion) K edge, because the lowest conduction states have dominant boron character.
  • The combination of RIXS, EELS, and Bethe-Salpeter calculations validates a workflow that can be applied to other layered materials where the lowest exciton is longitudinal and therefore invisible in $q \to 0$ optical absorption.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • An extension of this result would be to repeat the incidence-angle scan on monolayer or few-layer h-BN, where the out-of-plane dispersion is absent, so that the in-plane dispersion and the longitudinal-transverse splitting could be isolated without relying on the layered-material approximation.
  • The paper's '$\pi$-orbiton' analogy suggests that other $sp^2$-bonded layered insulators with indirect gaps might show similar sign-changing exciton dispersions; testing that in related boron-nitride phases would go beyond what is claimed here.
  • A fixed-$q_\perp$ loss-function measurement would let the 350 meV splitting be read directly from experiment rather than from the Bethe-Salpeter calculation, because the gap between the transverse 6.12 eV peak and the longitudinal 6.4 eV peak is the splitting.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 6 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) at the B and N K edges, together with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) calculations. The authors identify a 6.4 eV Raman loss at the B K edge in horizontal polarization, argue that this feature corresponds to the longitudinal exciton of h-BN by comparing it with the EELS loss function and a BSE-calculated loss function, and then measure the dispersion of this excitation as a function of the in-plane momentum transfer q_parallel along the ΓM and ΓK directions. They report a positive dispersion along ΓM and a negative dispersion along ΓK for |q_parallel| between 0.01 and 0.07 Å^-1, attributing the negative slope to the indirect band gap of h-BN. The paper concludes that soft X-ray RIXS combined with EELS is a powerful approach for probing longitudinal exciton dispersions in layered materials.

Significance. If the identification of the 6.4 eV RIXS feature as the longitudinal exciton is correct, this is the first direct RIXS measurement of the longitudinal exciton dispersion in h-BN at small momentum transfer, and it demonstrates that soft X-ray RIXS can access momentum-resolved exciton physics beyond optical absorption. The multi-technique combination of RIXS, EELS, and BSE is well conceived, and the inclusion of antiresonant transitions in the BSE loss-function calculation is a technical strength. The paper also reports a previously missed 6.4 eV feature in high-quality single crystals, which is of interest to the h-BN spectroscopy community. The central caveats are the assumed flatness of the exciton dispersion along the out-of-plane direction over the measured q_perp range, and the fact that the assignment of the RIXS peak rests on energy coincidence with EELS/BSE rather than on a direct calculation of the RIXS cross section.

major comments (3)
  1. [§IIID and Table I] The out-of-plane momentum transfer q_perp varies between 0.11 and 0.13 Å^-1 across the measured angles and is correlated with the in-plane momentum q_parallel. The assertion that this variation has a negligible effect on the exciton dispersion because h-BN is layered (citing Refs. 97, 99, 100) is not quantitatively supported: those references do not establish flatness of the lowest exciton energy over this q_perp range at q_parallel below 0.1 Å^-1, and q_perp is an order of magnitude larger than the smallest q_parallel. If the exciton has any c-axis dispersion, the reported energy shifts in Fig. 6(c) would mix in-plane and out-of-plane contributions, potentially changing the sign or magnitude of the slopes. The authors should provide a control, such as a BSE calculation of the exciton energy versus q_perp at fixed q_parallel, or a measurement at constant q_perp, to validate the central dispersion claim.
  2. [§IIIC] The identification of the 6.4 eV RIXS feature as the longitudinal exciton is based on energy coincidence with the EELS loss function and the BSE-calculated loss function, but the manuscript does not present a direct calculation of the RIXS cross section using the Kramers-Heisenberg formula (Eq. 2). While the shared energy-conservation argument in Sec. IIIC is suggestive, RIXS and EELS have different matrix elements, and the RIXS feature could in principle be a different neutral excitation with the same energy. A quantitative RIXS calculation within the same BSE framework, or an explicit justification of why the RIXS matrix elements select the longitudinal exciton, would make the 'direct measurement' claim fully convincing; without it, the assignment remains an inference.
  3. [§IID] The BSE calculations rely on a scissor correction of 2.35 eV and a 5% valence band stretching, taken from previous fits to optical spectra (Ref. 88). Consequently, the predicted loss-function peak at 6.45 eV and the 350 meV longitudinal-transverse splitting are not parameter-free predictions. The paper would benefit from a sensitivity analysis (e.g., varying the correction parameters and showing that the lowest loss peak remains near 6.4 eV and that the splitting changes by less than its uncertainty) to demonstrate that the identification of the longitudinal exciton and the reported dispersion are robust to the calibration of the band structure.
minor comments (6)
  1. [§IIA] In Sec. IIA, the sentence 'Two different single crystals were mounted with the ΓK and ΓK directions contained in the scattering plane' appears to contain a typo; the context and Fig. 6 indicate that the two directions are ΓM and ΓK.
  2. [Fig. 1 caption] The caption of Fig. 1 states that XAS spectra were measured 'at 30◦ and 20◦ grazing incident geometry in (a) and (b), respectively,' but (a) is the experimental geometry and the spectra are shown in (b) and (c); this should be corrected.
  3. [§V] In the conclusion, the phrase 'along the -KΓK and ΓM directions' appears garbled; it should likely read 'along the ΓK and ΓM directions'.
  4. [§IIID] For the ΓM direction, the Gaussian fits to the A and A' features fixed the FWHM to 0.1 eV and 0.3 eV based on the ΓK fits; the paper could state how sensitive the extracted peak positions are to this assumption, since the dispersion slopes are derived from these positions.
  5. [§IIB] In Sec. IIB, 'Both a convergence and collecting semiangle of 5 mrad were used' should be rephrased as 'Both convergence and collection semi-angles of 5 mrad were used' for grammatical accuracy.
  6. [§IIIC] There is a minor typesetting issue in Eq. (2), where 'NX jj ′' is broken across lines; this should be formatted cleanly.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the identification of the longitudinal exciton and its dispersion rests on independent EELS measurements and a parameterized BSE calculation that is not reduced to its own inputs.

full rationale

The paper's central chain is: (1) RIXS at the B K edge in LH polarization shows a new Raman loss at 6.4 eV; (2) EELS independently measured on the same crystal type shows the same 6.4 eV feature, and earlier work places the 8 eV peak as the pi plasmon; (3) a BSE calculation with a scissor correction and 5% valence stretching taken from the external ellipsometry analysis (Ref. 88) produces a loss-function peak at 6.45 eV at Re eps = 0, which by the standard dielectric-function definition is a longitudinal excitation, and whose binding is traced to the attractive electron-hole interaction rather than the exchange term; (4) absorption measures the transverse exciton at 6.12 eV, and the calculated 350 meV longitudinal-transverse splitting is a computed difference between two features of the same BSE Hamiltonian, not a fitted parameter renamed as a prediction. No step equates the claimed result with an input by construction: the 6.4 eV peak is found in the measured EELS and RIXS data before theory is invoked, and the BSE peak is not forced to equal 6.4 eV by the scissor/stretching parameters. The assumption that q_perp in the range 0.11-0.13 A^-1 has negligible effect on the exciton energy is a physical approximation rather than a circular reduction; it is supported by cited previous measurements and calculations including independent works (Refs. 97, 99), and any weakness there is a correctness or robustness concern, not a self-referential argument. The paper's use of its own earlier BSE methodology (Refs. 100, 118) is methodological continuity, but the central identification is externally anchored by the new EELS comparison, the measured RIXS spectra, and the independent ellipsometry data. No self-citation imports a uniqueness theorem or an ansatz that constitutes the conclusion.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central identification and dispersion measurement depend on two fitted band-structure corrections and on an untested assumption about the out-of-plane momentum component. No new physical entities are introduced; the 'pi-orbiton' label is an analogy, not a new object.

free parameters (3)
  • scissor correction = 2.35 eV
    Applied to the LDA band structure to mimic the GW band gap; shifts the BSE exciton energies and affects the calculated loss peak at 6.45 eV and the 350 meV longitudinal-transverse splitting.
  • valence band stretching = 5%
    Scales the LDA valence band dispersion to mimic GW; changes the energy positions in the calculated loss function.
  • Gaussian FWHM for A and A' in GammaM fits = 0.1 eV and 0.3 eV
    Fixed in the GammaM direction because of poor statistics; influences the extracted peak positions and hence the dispersion.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption GW-BSE many-body perturbation theory accurately describes neutral excitations and loss functions in h-BN.
    Standard state-of-the-art method; validated in prior h-BN studies (Refs. 100, 118), but here applied with scissor corrections rather than a full GW calculation.
  • standard math The Kramers-Heisenberg formula describes the RIXS cross section.
    Standard second-order perturbation theory for photon-in/photon-out scattering; used to interpret Raman losses.
  • domain assumption RIXS and EELS peak positions can be directly compared because the delta functions in Eqs. (2) and (3) express the same energy conservation.
    The paper explicitly notes matrix elements differ, but assumes shared final-state energies allow identification; this is the bridge between the two spectroscopies.
  • ad hoc to paper The out-of-plane momentum transfer q_perp (0.11 to 0.13 A^-1) has negligible effect on the exciton dispersion.
    Stated without quantitative test in Sec. IIID; if false, the in-plane dispersion measurements are contaminated.
  • domain assumption The 6.4 eV loss peak is a bound longitudinal exciton rather than a plasmon because it originates from the attractive electron-hole interaction -W, not the repulsive exchange V.
    Based on BSE decomposition of the excitonic Hamiltonian (Eq. 1) and the location at Re epsilon = 0; standard for longitudinal excitons but an interpretive step.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Direct measurement of the longitudinal exciton dispersion in hBN by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/NT4ZQ6CQ

@misc{pith2026250104840,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Direct measurement of the longitudinal exciton dispersion in hBN by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/NT4ZQ6CQ}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2501.04840}
}
abstract

We report resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements on the prototypical hexagonal boron nitride hBN layered compound. The RIXS results at the B and N K edges have been combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) experiments and ab initio calculations within the framework of the Bethe-Salpeter equation of many-body perturbation theory. By means of this tight interplay of different spectroscopies, the lowest longitudinal exciton of hBN has been identified. Moreover, its qualitatively different dispersions along the $\Gamma$K and the $\Gamma$M directions of the Brillouin zone have been determined. Our study advocates soft X-ray RIXS and EELS to be a promising combination to investigate electronic excitations in materials.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2501.04840 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1. (a) Experimental geometry. (b) B K-edge XAS and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2. (a)-(b) B K-edge RIXS map in LV and LH polarizations respectively and (c) and (d) the corresponding stacks, for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3. (a)-(b) N K-edge RIXS map in LV and LH polarizations respectively and (c) and (d) the corresponding stacks. The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (4 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. Comparison of RIXS at B K edge in LH polarization [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. BSE calculations and data from ellipsometry exper [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. (a)-(b) RIXS spectra acquired in LH polarization as [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. (a)-(b) Low energy N K-edge RIXS maps, as a [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_7.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

164 extracted references · 111 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Sch \"u lke ,\ @noop title Electron Dynamics by Inelastic X-Ray Scattering ,\ Oxford Series on Synchrotron Radiation\ ( publisher OUP Oxford ,\ year 2007 ) NoStop

    author author W. Sch \"u lke ,\ @noop title Electron Dynamics by Inelastic X-Ray Scattering ,\ Oxford Series on Synchrotron Radiation\ ( publisher OUP Oxford ,\ year 2007 ) NoStop

    2007

  2. [2]

    Kotani \ and\ author S

    author author A. Kotani \ and\ author S. Shin ,\ 10.1103/RevModPhys.73.203 journal journal Rev. Mod. Phys. \ volume 73 ,\ pages 203 ( year 2001 ) NoStop

    work page doi:10.1103/revmodphys.73.203 2001

  3. [3]

    \ Rueff \ and\ author A

    author author J.-P. \ Rueff \ and\ author A. Shukla ,\ 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.847 journal journal Rev. Mod. Phys. \ volume 82 ,\ pages 847 ( year 2010 ) NoStop

    work page doi:10.1103/revmodphys.82.847 2010

  4. [4]

    author author L. J. P. \ Ament , author M. van Veenendaal , author T. P. \ Devereaux , author J. P. \ Hill , \ and\ author J. van den Brink ,\ 10.1103/RevModPhys.83.705 journal journal Rev. Mod. Phys. \ volume 83 ,\ pages 705 ( year 2011 ) NoStop

    doi:10.1103/revmodphys.83.705

  5. [5]

    Hepting , author L

    author author M. Hepting , author L. Chaix , author E. W. \ Huang , author R. Fumagalli , author Y. Y. \ Peng , author B. Moritz , author K. Kummer , author N. B. \ Brookes , author W. C. \ Lee , author M. Hashimoto , author T. Sarkar , author J.-F. \ He , author C. R. \ Rotundu , author Y. S. \ Lee , author R. L. \ Greene , author L. Braicovich , author ...

    doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0648-3

  6. [6]

    Gretarsson , author H

    author author H. Gretarsson , author H. Suzuki , author H. Kim , author K. Ueda , author M. Krautloher , author B. J. \ Kim , author H. Yava s s , author G. Khaliullin , \ and\ author B. Keimer ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.100.045123 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 100 ,\ pages 045123 ( year 2019 ) NoStop

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevb.100.045123

  7. [7]

    Braicovich , author L

    author author L. Braicovich , author L. J. P. \ Ament , author V. Bisogni , author F. Forte , author C. Aruta , author G. Balestrino , author N. B. \ Brookes , author G. M. \ De Luca , author P. G. \ Medaglia , author F. M. \ Granozio , author M. Radovic , author M. Salluzzo , author J. van den Brink , \ and\ author G. Ghiringhelli ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett....

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.167401

  8. [8]

    Le Tacon , author G

    author author M. Le Tacon , author G. Ghiringhelli , author J. Chaloupka , author M. M. \ Sala , author V. Hinkov , author M. W. \ Haverkort , author M. Minola , author M. Bakr , author K. J. \ Zhou , author S. Blanco-Canosa , author C. Monney , author Y. T. \ Song , author G. L. \ Sun , author C. T. \ Lin , author G. M. \ De Luca , author M. Salluzzo , a...

    doi:10.1038/nphys2041

Show all 164 references
  1. [9]

    Schlappa , author K

    author author J. Schlappa , author K. Wohlfeld , author K. J. \ Zhou , author M. Mourigal , author M. W. \ Haverkort , author V. N. \ Strocov , author L. Hozoi , author C. Monney , author S. Nishimoto , author S. Singh , author A. Revcolevschi , author J.-S. \ Caux , author L....

    doi

  2. [10]

    author author J. P. \ Hill , author G. Blumberg , author Y.-J. \ Kim , author D. S. \ Ellis , author S. Wakimoto , author R. J. \ Birgeneau , author S. Komiya , author Y. Ando , author B. Liang , author R. L. \ Greene , author D. Casa , \ and\ author T. Gog ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevL...

    doi

  3. [11]

    Braicovich , author J

    author author L. Braicovich , author J. van den Brink , author V. Bisogni , author M. M. \ Sala , author L. J. P. \ Ament , author N. B. \ Brookes , author G. M. \ De Luca , author M. Salluzzo , author T. Schmitt , author V. N. \ Strocov , \ and\ author G. Ghiringhelli ,\ 10.1...

    doi

  4. [12]

    author author W. S. \ Lee , author S. Johnston , author B. Moritz , author J. Lee , author M. Yi , author K. J. \ Zhou , author T. Schmitt , author L. Patthey , author V. Strocov , author K. Kudo , author Y. Koike , author J. van den Brink , author T. P. \ Devereaux , \ and\ a...

    doi

  5. [13]

    author author J. J. \ Lee , author B. Moritz , author W. S. \ Lee , author M. Yi , author C. J. \ Jia , author A. P. \ Sorini , author K. Kudo , author Y. Koike , author K. J. \ Zhou , author C. Monney , author V. Strocov , author L. Patthey , author T. Schmitt , author T. P. ...

    doi

  6. [14]

    Moser , author S

    author author S. Moser , author S. Fatale , author P. Kr\"uger , author H. Berger , author P. Bugnon , author A. Magrez , author H. Niwa , author J. Miyawaki , author Y. Harada , \ and\ author M. Grioni ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.096404 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volum...

    doi

  7. [15]

    Rossi , author R

    author author M. Rossi , author R. Arpaia , author R. Fumagalli , author M. Moretti Sala , author D. Betto , author K. Kummer , author G. M. \ De Luca , author J. van den Brink , author M. Salluzzo , author N. B. \ Brookes , author L. Braicovich , \ and\ author G. Ghiringhelli...

    doi

  8. [16]

    Ruotsalainen , author M

    author author K. Ruotsalainen , author M. Gatti , author J. M. \ Ablett , author F. Yakhou-Harris , author J.-P. \ Rueff , author A. David , author W. Prellier , \ and\ author A. Nicolaou ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.103.235158 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 103 ,\ pages 235158 ...

    doi

  9. [17]

    note Atomic units are used throughout the paper if not otherwise stated. Stop

  10. [18]

    Onida , author L

    author author G. Onida , author L. Reining , \ and\ author A. Rubio ,\ 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.601 journal journal Rev. Mod. Phys. \ volume 74 ,\ pages 601 ( year 2002 ) NoStop

    2002 doi

  11. [19]

    Hedin ,\ 10.1103/PhysRev.139.A796 journal journal Phys

    author author L. Hedin ,\ 10.1103/PhysRev.139.A796 journal journal Phys. Rev. \ volume 139 ,\ pages A796 ( year 1965 ) NoStop

    1965 doi

  12. [20]

    author author E. L. \ Shirley ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.794 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 80 ,\ pages 794 ( year 1998 ) NoStop

    1998 doi

  13. [21]

    author author J. A. \ Carlisle , author E. L. \ Shirley , author L. J. \ Terminello , author J. J. \ Jia , author T. A. \ Callcott , author D. L. \ Ederer , author R. C. C. \ Perera , \ and\ author F. J. \ Himpsel ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.7433 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volu...

    doi

  14. [22]

    Carlisle , author S

    author author J. Carlisle , author S. Blankenship , author R. Smith , author E. L. \ Shirley , author L. Terminello , author J. Jia , author T. Callcott , \ and\ author D. Ederer ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(98)00434-4 journal journal Journal of Electron Spectroscopy ...

    doi

  15. [23]

    Shirley ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3697(99)00333-9 journal journal Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids \ volume 61 ,\ pages 445 ( year 2000 a ) NoStop

    author author E. Shirley ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3697(99)00333-9 journal journal Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids \ volume 61 ,\ pages 445 ( year 2000 a ) NoStop

    2000 doi

  16. [24]

    author author E. L. \ Shirley ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(00)00170-5 journal journal Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena \ volume 110-111 ,\ pages 305 ( year 2000 b ) NoStop

    2000 doi

  17. [25]

    Gilmore , author J

    author author K. Gilmore , author J. Vinson , author E. Shirley , author D. Prendergast , author C. Pemmaraju , author J. Kas , author F. Vila , \ and\ author J. Rehr ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2015.08.014 journal journal Computer Physics Communications \ volume 197 ,\ p...

    2015 doi

  18. [26]

    Vinson , author T

    author author J. Vinson , author T. Jach , author M. M\"uller , author R. Unterumsberger , \ and\ author B. Beckhoff ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.205116 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 96 ,\ pages 205116 ( year 2017 ) NoStop

    2017 doi

  19. [27]

    Gilmore , author J

    author author K. Gilmore , author J. Pelliciari , author Y. Huang , author J. J. \ Kas , author M. Dantz , author V. N. \ Strocov , author S. Kasahara , author Y. Matsuda , author T. Das , author T. Shibauchi , \ and\ author T. Schmitt ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevX.11.031013 journal jou...

    doi

  20. [28]

    author author C. D. \ Dashwood , author A. Geondzhian , author J. G. \ Vale , author A. C. \ Pakpour-Tabrizi , author C. A. \ Howard , author Q. Faure , author L. S. I. \ Veiga , author D. Meyers , author S. G. \ Chiuzb a a ian , author A. Nicolaou , author N. Jaouen , author ...

    doi

  21. [29]

    Vorwerk , author F

    author author C. Vorwerk , author F. Sottile , \ and\ author C. Draxl ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.042003 journal journal Phys. Rev. Research \ volume 2 ,\ pages 042003 ( year 2020 ) NoStop

    2020 doi

  22. [30]

    author author F. M. \ de Groot , author H. Elnaggar , author F. Frati , author R. pan Wang , author M. U. \ Delgado-Jaime , author M. van Veenendaal , author J. Fernandez-Rodriguez , author M. W. \ Haverkort , author R. J. \ Green , author G. van der Laan , author Y. Kvashnin ...

  23. [31]

    author author S. V. \ Faleev , author M. van Schilfgaarde , \ and\ author T. Kotani ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.126406 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 93 ,\ pages 126406 ( year 2004 ) NoStop

    2004 doi

  24. [32]

    Bruneval \ and\ author M

    author author F. Bruneval \ and\ author M. Gatti ,\ title Quasiparticle self-consistent gw method for the spectral properties of complex materials , \ in\ 10.1007/128_2013_460 booktitle First Principles Approaches to Spectroscopic Properties of Complex Materials ,\ editor edit...

    doi

  25. [33]

    Cudazzo \ and\ author L

    author author P. Cudazzo \ and\ author L. Reining ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.012032 journal journal Phys. Rev. Research \ volume 2 ,\ pages 012032 ( year 2020 ) NoStop

    2020 doi

  26. [34]

    De Groot \ and\ author A

    author author F. De Groot \ and\ author A. Kotani ,\ https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420008425 title Core level spectroscopy of solids \ ( publisher CRC Press ,\ year 2008 ) NoStop

    2008 doi

  27. [35]

    author author M. W. \ Haverkort , author M. Zwierzycki , \ and\ author O. K. \ Andersen ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.165113 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 85 ,\ pages 165113 ( year 2012 ) NoStop

    2012 doi

  28. [36]

    Josefsson , author K

    author author I. Josefsson , author K. Kunnus , author S. Schreck , author A. Föhlisch , author F. de Groot , author P. Wernet , \ and\ author M. Odelius ,\ 10.1021/jz301479j journal journal The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters \ volume 3 ,\ pages 3565 ( year 2012 ) ,\ no...

    doi

  29. [37]

    Zimmermann , author R

    author author P. Zimmermann , author R. J. \ Green , author M. W. \ Haverkort , \ and\ author F. M. F. \ de Groot ,\ 10.1107/S1600577518004058 journal journal Journal of Synchrotron Radiation \ volume 25 ,\ pages 899 ( year 2018 ) NoStop

    doi

  30. [38]

    Zaanen , author G

    author author J. Zaanen , author G. A. \ Sawatzky , \ and\ author J. W. \ Allen ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.418 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 55 ,\ pages 418 ( year 1985 ) NoStop

    1985 doi

  31. [39]

    author author S. Huotari ,\ title Spectroscopy in the frequency domain , \ in\ 10.1007/978-3-642-23518-4_2 booktitle Fundamentals of Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory ,\ editor edited by\ editor M. A. \ Marques , editor N. T. \ Maitra , editor F. M. \ Nogueira , editor ...

    doi

  32. [40]

    Fink , author M

    author author J. Fink , author M. Knupfer , author S. Atzkern , \ and\ author M. Golden ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(01)00254-7 journal journal Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena \ volume 117-118 ,\ pages 287 ( year 2001 ) NoStop

    doi

  33. [41]

    author author F. J. \ Garc\' a de Abajo ,\ 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.209 journal journal Rev. Mod. Phys. \ volume 82 ,\ pages 209 ( year 2010 ) NoStop

    2010 doi

  34. [42]

    Egerton ,\ @noop title Electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the electron microscope ,\ edition 3rd \ ed.\ ( publisher Springer ,\ address New York ,\ year 2011 ) NoStop

    author author R. Egerton ,\ @noop title Electron energy-loss spectroscopy in the electron microscope ,\ edition 3rd \ ed.\ ( publisher Springer ,\ address New York ,\ year 2011 ) NoStop

    2011

  35. [43]

    Waidmann , author M

    author author S. Waidmann , author M. Knupfer , author B. Arnold , author J. Fink , author A. Fleszar , \ and\ author W. Hanke ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.10149 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 61 ,\ pages 10149 ( year 2000 ) NoStop

    doi

  36. [44]

    Galambosi , author J

    author author S. Galambosi , author J. A. \ Soininen , author A. Mattila , author S. Huotari , author S. Manninen , author G. Vank\'o , author N. D. \ Zhigadlo , author J. Karpinski , \ and\ author K. H\"am\"al\"ainen ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.060504 journal journal Phys. Rev. B ...

    doi

  37. [45]

    author author Y. Q. \ Cai , author P. C. \ Chow , author O. D. \ Restrepo , author Y. Takano , author K. Togano , author H. Kito , author H. Ishii , author C. C. \ Chen , author K. S. \ Liang , author C. T. \ Chen , author S. Tsuda , author S. Shin , author C. C. \ Kao , autho...

    doi

  38. [46]

    author author B. C. \ Larson , author W. Ku , author J. Z. \ Tischler , author C.-C. \ Lee , author O. D. \ Restrepo , author A. G. \ Eguiluz , author P. Zschack , \ and\ author K. D. \ Finkelstein ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.026401 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 99 ,...

    doi

  39. [47]

    Abbamonte , author T

    author author P. Abbamonte , author T. Graber , author J. P. \ Reed , author S. Smadici , author C.-L. \ Yeh , author A. Shukla , author J.-P. \ Rueff , \ and\ author W. Ku ,\ 10.1073/pnas.0801623105 journal journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences \ volume 105 ...

    doi

  40. [48]

    uller , author G. Monaco , \ and\ author W. Sch\

    author author S. Huotari , author C. Sternemann , author M. C. \ Troparevsky , author A. G. \ Eguiluz , author M. Volmer , author H. Sternemann , author H. M\"uller , author G. Monaco , \ and\ author W. Sch\"ulke ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.155107 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ vol...

    doi

  41. [49]

    Huotari , author J

    author author S. Huotari , author J. A. \ Soininen , author G. Vank\'o , author G. Monaco , \ and\ author V. Olevano ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.064514 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 82 ,\ pages 064514 ( year 2010 ) NoStop

    2010 doi

  42. [50]

    anen , author H. M\

    author author S. Huotari , author M. Cazzaniga , author H.-C. \ Weissker , author T. Pylkk\"anen , author H. M\"uller , author L. Reining , author G. Onida , \ and\ author G. Monaco ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.075108 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 84 ,\ pages 075108 ( year 2...

    doi

  43. [51]

    \ Mao , author Y

    author author H.-K. \ Mao , author Y. Ding , author Y. Xiao , author P. Chow , author J. Shu , author S. Leb \`e gue , author A. Lazicki , \ and\ author R. Ahuja ,\ https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116930108 journal journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences \ volume...

    doi

  44. [52]

    author author R. S. \ Knox ,\ @noop title Theory of Excitons \ ( publisher Academic Press ,\ year 1963 ) NoStop

    1963

  45. [53]

    author author F. Bechstedt ,\ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44593-8 title Many-Body Approach to Electronic Excitations: Concepts and Applications ,\ Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences\ ( publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg ,\ year 2014 ) NoStop

    doi

  46. [54]

    author author R. M. \ Martin , author L. Reining , \ and\ author D. M. \ Ceperley ,\ https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139050807 title Interacting Electrons: Theory and Computational Approaches \ ( publisher Cambridge University Press ,\ year 2016 ) NoStop

    doi

  47. [55]

    Runge \ and\ author E

    author author E. Runge \ and\ author E. K. U. \ Gross ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.997 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 52 ,\ pages 997 ( year 1984 ) NoStop

    1984 doi

  48. [56]

    author author C. Ullrich ,\ https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199563029.001.0001 title Time-dependent Density-functional Theory: Concepts and Applications ,\ Oxford graduate texts\ ( publisher Oxford University Press ,\ year 2012 ) NoStop

  49. [57]

    Pines ,\ https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429500855 title Elementary Excitations In Solids \ ( publisher Benjamin, New York ,\ year 1963 ) NoStop

    author author D. Pines ,\ https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429500855 title Elementary Excitations In Solids \ ( publisher Benjamin, New York ,\ year 1963 ) NoStop

    1963 doi

  50. [58]

    author author A. A. \ Quong \ and\ author A. G. \ Eguiluz ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.3955 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 70 ,\ pages 3955 ( year 1993 ) NoStop

    1993 doi

  51. [59]

    Aryasetiawan \ and\ author K

    author author F. Aryasetiawan \ and\ author K. Karlsson ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1679 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 73 ,\ pages 1679 ( year 1994 ) NoStop

    1994 doi

  52. [60]

    author author B. C. \ Larson , author J. Z. \ Tischler , author E. D. \ Isaacs , author P. Zschack , author A. Fleszar , \ and\ author A. G. \ Eguiluz ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.1346 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 77 ,\ pages 1346 ( year 1996 ) NoStop

    doi

  53. [61]

    author author A. G. \ Marinopoulos , author L. Reining , author V. Olevano , author A. Rubio , author T. Pichler , author X. Liu , author M. Knupfer , \ and\ author J. Fink ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.076402 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 89 ,\ pages 076402 ( year 200...

    doi

  54. [62]

    author author I. G. \ Gurtubay , author J. M. \ Pitarke , author W. Ku , author A. G. \ Eguiluz , author B. C. \ Larson , author J. Tischler , author P. Zschack , \ and\ author K. D. \ Finkelstein ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.125117 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 72 ,\ pages ...

    doi

  55. [63]

    \ Weissker , author J

    author author H.-C. \ Weissker , author J. Serrano , author S. Huotari , author F. Bruneval , author F. Sottile , author G. Monaco , author M. Krisch , author V. Olevano , \ and\ author L. Reining ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.237602 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 97 ,\...

    doi

  56. [64]

    Hambach , author C

    author author R. Hambach , author C. Giorgetti , author N. Hiraoka , author Y. Q. \ Cai , author F. Sottile , author A. G. \ Marinopoulos , author F. Bechstedt , \ and\ author L. Reining ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.266406 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 101 ,\ pages 2...

    doi

  57. [65]

    Cazzaniga , author H.-C

    author author M. Cazzaniga , author H.-C. \ Weissker , author S. Huotari , author T. Pylkk\"anen , author P. Salvestrini , author G. Monaco , author G. Onida , \ and\ author L. Reining ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.075109 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 84 ,\ pages 075109 ( yea...

    doi

  58. [66]

    author author J. P. \ Echeverry , author E. V. \ Chulkov , author P. M. \ Echenique , \ and\ author V. M. \ Silkin ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.205135 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 85 ,\ pages 205135 ( year 2012 ) NoStop

    2012 doi

  59. [67]

    Zubizarreta , author V

    author author X. Zubizarreta , author V. M. \ Silkin , \ and\ author E. V. \ Chulkov ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.165121 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 90 ,\ pages 165121 ( year 2014 ) NoStop

    2014 doi

  60. [68]

    Seidu , author A

    author author A. Seidu , author A. Marini , \ and\ author M. Gatti ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.97.125144 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 97 ,\ pages 125144 ( year 2018 ) NoStop

    2018 doi

  61. [69]

    Iori , author F

    author author F. Iori , author F. Rodolakis , author M. Gatti , author L. Reining , author M. Upton , author Y. Shvyd'ko , author J.-P. \ Rueff , \ and\ author M. Marsi ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.205132 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 86 ,\ pages 205132 ( year 2012 ) NoStop

    doi

  62. [70]

    R\"odl , author K

    author author C. R\"odl , author K. O. \ Ruotsalainen , author F. Sottile , author A.-P. \ Honkanen , author J. M. \ Ablett , author J.-P. \ Rueff , author F. Sirotti , author R. Verbeni , author A. Al-Zein , author L. Reining , \ and\ author S. Huotari ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.95....

    doi

  63. [71]

    Ruotsalainen , author A

    author author K. Ruotsalainen , author A. Nicolaou , author C. J. \ Sahle , author A. Efimenko , author J. M. \ Ablett , author J.-P. \ Rueff , author D. Prabhakaran , \ and\ author M. Gatti ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.103.235136 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 103 ,\ pages 2351...

    doi

  64. [72]

    author author W. A. \ Caliebe , author J. A. \ Soininen , author E. L. \ Shirley , author C.-C. \ Kao , \ and\ author K. H\"am\"al\"ainen ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3907 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 84 ,\ pages 3907 ( year 2000 ) NoStop

    doi

  65. [73]

    author author J. A. \ Soininen \ and\ author E. L. \ Shirley ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.16423 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 61 ,\ pages 16423 ( year 2000 ) NoStop

    doi

  66. [74]

    Olevano \ and\ author L

    author author V. Olevano \ and\ author L. Reining ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5962 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 86 ,\ pages 5962 ( year 2001 ) NoStop

    2001 doi

  67. [75]

    Gatti \ and\ author F

    author author M. Gatti \ and\ author F. Sottile ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.155113 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 88 ,\ pages 155113 ( year 2013 ) NoStop

    2013 doi

  68. [76]

    Bassani \ and\ author G

    author author F. Bassani \ and\ author G. P. \ Parravicini ,\ @noop title Electronic States and Optical Transitions in Solids \ ( publisher Pergamon Press ,\ year 1975 ) NoStop

    1975

  69. [77]

    Watanabe , author T

    author author K. Watanabe , author T. Taniguchi , \ and\ author H. Kanda ,\ https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1134 journal journal Nature Materials \ volume 3 ,\ pages 404 ( year 2004 ) NoStop

    2004 doi

  70. [78]

    Watanabe \ and\ author T

    author author K. Watanabe \ and\ author T. Taniguchi ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.193104 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 79 ,\ pages 193104 ( year 2009 ) NoStop

    2009 doi

  71. [79]

    Gil , author G

    author author B. Gil , author G. Cassabois , author R. Cusco , author G. Fugallo , \ and\ author L. Artus ,\ doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0225 journal journal Nanophotonics \ volume 9 ,\ pages 3483 ( year 2020 ) NoStop

    2020 doi

  72. [80]

    Moon , author J

    author author S. Moon , author J. Kim , author J. Park , author S. Im , author J. Kim , author I. Hwang , \ and\ author J. k. \ Kim ,\ https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202204161 journal journal Advanced Materials \ volume n/a ,\ pages 2204161 NoStop

    doi

  73. [81]

    author author W. L. \ O'Brien , author J. Jia , author Q.-Y. \ Dong , author T. A. \ Callcott , author K. E. \ Miyano , author D. L. \ Ederer , author D. R. \ Mueller , \ and\ author C.-C. \ Kao ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.238 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 70 ,\ page...

    doi

  74. [82]

    author author J. J. \ Jia , author T. A. \ Callcott , author E. L. \ Shirley , author J. A. \ Carlisle , author L. J. \ Terminello , author A. Asfaw , author D. L. \ Ederer , author F. J. \ Himpsel , \ and\ author R. C. C. \ Perera ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.4054 journal journa...

    doi

  75. [83]

    Yanagihara , author N

    author author M. Yanagihara , author N. Miyata , author T. Ejima , author M. Watanabe , \ and\ author Y. Kayanuma ,\ 10.1143/JPSJ.66.1626 journal journal Journal of the Physical Society of Japan \ volume 66 ,\ pages 1626 ( year 1997 ) NoStop

    doi

  76. [84]

    Miyata , author M

    author author N. Miyata , author M. Yanagihara , author M. Watanabe , author Y. Harada , \ and\ author S. Shin ,\ 10.1143/JPSJ.71.1761 journal journal Journal of the Physical Society of Japan \ volume 71 ,\ pages 1761 ( year 2002 ) NoStop

    doi

  77. [85]

    author author J. B. \ MacNaughton , author A. Moewes , author R. G. \ Wilks , author X. T. \ Zhou , author T. K. \ Sham , author T. Taniguchi , author K. Watanabe , author C. Y. \ Chan , author W. J. \ Zhang , author I. Bello , author S. T. \ Lee , \ and\ author H. Hofs\"ass ,...

    doi

  78. [86]

    Pelliciari , author E

    author author J. Pelliciari , author E. Mejia , author J. M. \ Woods , author Y. Gu , author J. Li , author S. B. \ Chand , author S. Fan , author K. Watanabe , author T. Taniguchi , author V. Bisogni , \ and\ author G. Grosso ,\ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-024-01866-4 jour...

    doi

  79. [87]

    , author Thomas, J

    author author Mamy, R. , author Thomas, J. , author Jezequel, G. , \ and\ author Lemonnier, J.C. ,\ 10.1051/jphyslet:019810042022047300 journal journal J. Physique Lett. \ volume 42 ,\ pages 473 ( year 1981 ) NoStop

    1981 doi

  80. [88]

    Artús , author M

    author author L. Artús , author M. Feneberg , author C. Attaccalite , author J. H. \ Edgar , author J. Li , author R. Goldhahn , \ and\ author R. Cuscó ,\ https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202000101 journal journal Advanced Photonics Research \ volume 2 ,\ pages 2000101 ( year 2021...

    doi

  81. [89]

    Museur , author G

    author author L. Museur , author G. Brasse , author A. Pierret , author S. Maine , author B. Attal-Tretout , author F. Ducastelle , author A. Loiseau , author J. Barjon , author K. Watanabe , author T. Taniguchi , \ and\ author A. Kanaev ,\ https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.2011051...

    doi

  82. [90]

    Bourrellier , author M

    author author R. Bourrellier , author M. Amato , author L. H. \ Galvão Tizei , author C. Giorgetti , author A. Gloter , author M. I. \ Heggie , author K. March , author O. Stéphan , author L. Reining , author M. Kociak , \ and\ author A. Zobelli ,\ 10.1021/ph500141j journal jo...

    doi

  83. [91]

    Cassabois , author P

    author author G. Cassabois , author P. Valvin , \ and\ author B. Gil ,\ https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.277 journal journal Nature Photonics \ volume 10 ( year 2016 ) NoStop

    2015 doi

  84. [92]

    Schué , author B

    author author L. Schué , author B. Berini , author A. C. \ Betz , author B. Plaçais , author F. Ducastelle , author J. Barjon , \ and\ author A. Loiseau ,\ 10.1039/C6NR01253A journal journal Nanoscale \ volume 8 ,\ pages 6986 ( year 2016 ) NoStop

    doi

  85. [93]

    Elias , author G

    author author C. Elias , author G. Fugallo , author P. Valvin , author C. L'Henoret , author J. Li , author J. H. \ Edgar , author F. Sottile , author M. Lazzeri , author A. Ouerghi , author B. Gil , \ and\ author G. Cassabois ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.137401 journal journal ...

    doi

  86. [94]

    Schu\'e , author L

    author author L. Schu\'e , author L. Sponza , author A. Plaud , author H. Bensalah , author K. Watanabe , author T. Taniguchi , author F. Ducastelle , author A. Loiseau , \ and\ author J. Barjon ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.067401 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 122 ,\...

    doi

  87. [95]

    Büchner ,\ https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2220810124 journal journal physica status solidi (b) \ volume 81 ,\ pages 227 ( year 1977 ) NoStop

    author author U. Büchner ,\ https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2220810124 journal journal physica status solidi (b) \ volume 81 ,\ pages 227 ( year 1977 ) NoStop

    1977 doi

  88. [96]

    Tarrio \ and\ author S

    author author C. Tarrio \ and\ author S. E. \ Schnatterly ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.40.7852 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 40 ,\ pages 7852 ( year 1989 ) NoStop

    1989 doi

  89. [97]

    Fossard , author L

    author author F. Fossard , author L. Sponza , author L. Schu\'e , author C. Attaccalite , author F. Ducastelle , author J. Barjon , \ and\ author A. Loiseau ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.115304 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 96 ,\ pages 115304 ( year 2017 ) NoStop

    doi

  90. [98]

    Schuster , author C

    author author R. Schuster , author C. Habenicht , author M. Ahmad , author M. Knupfer , \ and\ author B. B\"uchner ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.97.041201 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 97 ,\ pages 041201 ( year 2018 ) NoStop

    2018 doi

  91. [99]

    Galambosi , author L

    author author S. Galambosi , author L. Wirtz , author J. A. \ Soininen , author J. Serrano , author A. Marini , author K. Watanabe , author T. Taniguchi , author S. Huotari , author A. Rubio , \ and\ author K. H\"am\"al\"ainen ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.83.081413 journal journal Phys...

    doi

  92. [100]

    Fugallo , author M

    author author G. Fugallo , author M. Aramini , author J. Koskelo , author K. Watanabe , author T. Taniguchi , author M. Hakala , author S. Huotari , author M. Gatti , \ and\ author F. Sottile ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.165122 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 92 ,\ pages 16512...

    doi

  93. [101]

    author author T. T. \ Tran , author K. Bray , author M. J. \ Ford , author M. Toth , \ and\ author I. Aharonovich ,\ https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.242 journal journal Nature Nanotechnology \ volume 11 ,\ pages 37 ( year 2016 ) NoStop

    2015 doi

  94. [102]

    author author J. D. \ Caldwell , author I. Aharonovich , author G. Cassabois , author J. H. \ Edgar , author B. Gil , \ and\ author D. N. \ Basov ,\ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0124-1 journal journal Nature Reviews Materials \ volume 4 ,\ pages 552 ( year 2019 ) NoStop

    doi

  95. [103]

    Taniguchi \ and\ author K

    author author T. Taniguchi \ and\ author K. Watanabe ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.12.061 journal journal Journal of Crystal Growth \ volume 303 ,\ pages 525 ( year 2007 ) NoStop

    2006 doi

  96. [104]

    Catellani , author M

    author author A. Catellani , author M. Posternak , author A. Baldereschi , \ and\ author A. J. \ Freeman ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.36.6105 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 36 ,\ pages 6105 ( year 1987 ) NoStop

    1987 doi

  97. [105]

    Blase , author A

    author author X. Blase , author A. Rubio , author S. G. \ Louie , \ and\ author M. L. \ Cohen ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.6868 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 51 ,\ pages 6868 ( year 1995 ) NoStop

    1995 doi

  98. [106]

    Cappellini , author G

    author author G. Cappellini , author G. Satta , author M. Palummo , \ and\ author G. Onida ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.035104 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 64 ,\ pages 035104 ( year 2001 ) NoStop

    2001 doi

  99. [107]

    Arnaud , author S

    author author B. Arnaud , author S. Leb\`egue , author P. Rabiller , \ and\ author M. Alouani ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.026402 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 96 ,\ pages 026402 ( year 2006 ) NoStop

    2006 doi

  100. [108]

    Wirtz , author A

    author author L. Wirtz , author A. Marini , author M. Gruning , \ and\ author A. Rubio ,\ 10.48550/ARXIV.COND-MAT/0508421 title Excitonic effects in optical absorption and electron-energy loss spectra of hexagonal boron nitride , \ ( year 2005 ) NoStop

    doi

  101. [109]

    Wirtz , author A

    author author L. Wirtz , author A. Marini , \ and\ author A. Rubio ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.126104 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 96 ,\ pages 126104 ( year 2006 ) NoStop

    2006 doi

  102. [110]

    Doni \ and\ author G

    author author E. Doni \ and\ author G. P. \ Parravicini ,\ https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02710286 journal journal Il Nuovo Cimento B (1965-1970) \ volume 64 ,\ pages 117 ( year 1969 ) NoStop

    1965 doi

  103. [111]

    Galvani , author F

    author author T. Galvani , author F. Paleari , author H. P. C. \ Miranda , author A. Molina-S\'anchez , author L. Wirtz , author S. Latil , author H. Amara , \ and\ author F. Ducastelle ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.125303 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 94 ,\ pages 125303 ( ye...

    doi

  104. [112]

    Paleari , author T

    author author F. Paleari , author T. Galvani , author H. Amara , author F. Ducastelle , author A. Molina-S \' a nchez , \ and\ author L. Wirtz ,\ https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aad586 journal journal 2D Materials \ volume 5 ,\ pages 045017 ( year 2018 ) NoStop

    doi

  105. [113]

    Sacchi , author N

    author author M. Sacchi , author N. Jaouen , author H. Popescu , author R. Gaudemer , author J. M. \ Tonnerre , author S. G. \ Chiuzbaian , author C. F. \ Hague , author A. Delmotte , author J. M. \ Dubuisson , author G. Cauchon , author B. Lagarde , \ and\ author F. Polack ,\...

    2013

  106. [114]

    author author S. G. \ Chiuzb a ian , author C. F. \ Hague , author A. Avila , author R. Delaunay , author N. Jaouen , author M. Sacchi , author F. Polack , author M. Thomasset , author B. Lagarde , author A. Nicolaou , et al. ,\ @noop journal journal Rev, of Sci. Instrum. \ vo...

    2014

  107. [115]

    author author S. L. \ Adler ,\ 10.1103/PhysRev.126.413 journal journal Phys. Rev. \ volume 126 ,\ pages 413 ( year 1962 ) NoStop

    1962 doi

  108. [116]

    Wiser ,\ 10.1103/PhysRev.129.62 journal journal Phys

    author author N. Wiser ,\ 10.1103/PhysRev.129.62 journal journal Phys. Rev. \ volume 129 ,\ pages 62 ( year 1963 ) NoStop

    1963 doi

  109. [117]

    Sottile , author F

    author author F. Sottile , author F. Bruneval , author A. G. \ Marinopoulos , author L. K. \ Dash , author S. Botti , author V. Olevano , author N. Vast , author A. Rubio , \ and\ author L. Reining ,\ 10.1002/qua.20486 journal journal International Journal of Quantum Chemistry...

    doi

  110. [118]

    Koskelo , author G

    author author J. Koskelo , author G. Fugallo , author M. Hakala , author M. Gatti , author F. Sottile , \ and\ author P. Cudazzo ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.035125 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 95 ,\ pages 035125 ( year 2017 ) NoStop

    doi

  111. [119]

    Troullier \ and\ author J

    author author N. Troullier \ and\ author J. L. \ Martins ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.43.1993 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 43 ,\ pages 1993 ( year 1991 ) NoStop

    1993 doi

  112. [120]

    Solozhenko , author G

    author author V. Solozhenko , author G. Will , \ and\ author F. Elf ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(95)00381-9 journal journal Solid State Communications \ volume 96 ,\ pages 1 ( year 1995 ) NoStop

    1995 doi

  113. [121]

    Gonze , author F

    author author X. Gonze , author F. Jollet , author F. Abreu Araujo , author D. Adams , author B. Amadon , author T. Applencourt , author C. Audouze , author J.-M. \ Beuken , author J. Bieder , author A. Bokhanchuk , author E. Bousquet , author F. Bruneval , author D. Caliste ,...

  114. [122]

    @noop note http://www.bethe-salpeter.org/ NoStop

  115. [123]

    author author F. C. \ Brown , author R. Z. \ Bachrach , \ and\ author M. Skibowski ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.13.2633 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 13 ,\ pages 2633 ( year 1976 ) NoStop

    1976 doi

  116. [124]

    author author B. M. \ Davies , author F. Bassani , author F. C. \ Brown , \ and\ author C. G. \ Olson ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.24.3537 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 24 ,\ pages 3537 ( year 1981 ) NoStop

    1981 doi

  117. [125]

    Chaiken , author L

    author author A. Chaiken , author L. J. \ Terminello , author J. Wong , author G. L. \ Doll , \ and\ author C. A. \ Taylor ,\ 10.1063/1.110556 journal journal Applied Physics Letters \ volume 63 ,\ pages 2112 ( year 1993 ) NoStop

    1993 doi

  118. [126]

    Jiménez , author A

    author author I. Jiménez , author A. Jankowski , author L. J. \ Terminello , author J. A. \ Carlisle , author D. G. J. \ Sutherland , author G. L. \ Doll , author J. V. \ Mantese , author W. M. \ Tong , author D. K. \ Shuh , \ and\ author F. J. \ Himpsel ,\ 10.1063/1.116334 jo...

    doi

  119. [127]

    Franke , author S

    author author R. Franke , author S. Bender , author J. Hormes , author A. Pavlychev , \ and\ author N. Fominych ,\ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301010496003746 journal journal Chemical Physics \ volume 216 ,\ pages 243 ( year 1997 ) NoStop

    1997

  120. [128]

    Hua Li , author M

    author author L. Hua Li , author M. Petravic , author B. C. C. \ Cowie , author T. Xing , author R. Peter , author Y. Chen , author C. Si , \ and\ author W. Duan ,\ 10.1063/1.4767135 journal journal Applied Physics Letters \ volume 101 ,\ pages 191604 ( year 2012 ) NoStop

    doi

  121. [129]

    Watanabe , author H

    author author N. Watanabe , author H. Hayashi , author Y. Udagawa , author K. Takeshita , \ and\ author H. Kawata ,\ 10.1063/1.117439 journal journal Applied Physics Letters \ volume 69 ,\ pages 1370 ( year 1996 ) NoStop

    1996 doi

  122. [130]

    Feng , author J

    author author Y. Feng , author J. A. \ Soininen , author A. L. \ Ankudinov , author J. O. \ Cross , author G. T. \ Seidler , author A. T. \ Macrander , author J. J. \ Rehr , \ and\ author E. L. \ Shirley ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.165202 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 77 ,\...

    doi

  123. [131]

    author author R. D. \ Leapman \ and\ author J. Silcox ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.42.1361 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 42 ,\ pages 1361 ( year 1979 ) NoStop

    1979 doi

  124. [132]

    Arenal , author M

    author author R. Arenal , author M. Kociak , \ and\ author N. J. \ Zaluzec ,\ 10.1063/1.2740185 journal journal Applied Physics Letters \ volume 90 ,\ pages 204105 ( year 2007 ) NoStop

    2007 doi

  125. [133]

    Karsai , author M

    author author F. Karsai , author M. Humer , author E. Flage-Larsen , author P. Blaha , \ and\ author G. Kresse ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.98.235205 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 98 ,\ pages 235205 ( year 2018 ) NoStop

    2018 doi

  126. [134]

    Caretti \ and\ author I

    author author I. Caretti \ and\ author I. Jiménez ,\ 10.1063/1.3602996 journal journal Journal of Applied Physics \ volume 110 ,\ pages 023511 ( year 2011 ) NoStop

    2011 doi

  127. [135]

    Niibe , author K

    author author M. Niibe , author K. Miyamoto , author T. Mitamura , \ and\ author K. Mochiji ,\ 10.1116/1.3474913 journal journal Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A \ volume 28 ,\ pages 1157 ( year 2010 ) NoStop

    2010 doi

  128. [136]

    author author N. L. \ McDougall , author J. G. \ Partridge , author R. J. \ Nicholls , author S. P. \ Russo , \ and\ author D. G. \ McCulloch ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.144106 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 96 ,\ pages 144106 ( year 2017 ) NoStop

    doi

  129. [137]

    author author S. T. \ Pantelides ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.11.2391 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 11 ,\ pages 2391 ( year 1975 ) NoStop

    1975 doi

  130. [138]

    author author M. L. \ Urquiza , author M. Gatti , \ and\ author F. Sottile ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.109.115157 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 109 ,\ pages 115157 ( year 2024 ) NoStop

    2024 doi

  131. [139]

    Hiraoka , author H

    author author N. Hiraoka , author H. Okamura , author H. Ishii , author I. Jarrige , author K. D. \ Tsuei , \ and\ author Y. Q. \ Cai ,\ 10.1140/epjb/e2009-00199-x journal journal The European Physical Journal B \ volume 70 ,\ pages 157 ( year 2009 ) NoStop

    doi

  132. [140]

    Gloter , author M.-W

    author author A. Gloter , author M.-W. \ Chu , author M. Kociak , author C. H. \ Chen , \ and\ author C. Colliex ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.06.005 journal journal Ultramicroscopy \ volume 109 ,\ pages 1333 ( year 2009 ) NoStop

    2009 doi

  133. [141]

    Ghiringhelli , author M

    author author G. Ghiringhelli , author M. Matsubara , author C. Dallera , author F. Fracassi , author R. Gusmeroli , author A. Piazzalunga , author A. Tagliaferri , author N. B. \ Brookes , author A. Kotani , \ and\ author L. Braicovich ,\ 10.1088/0953-8984/17/35/007 journal j...

    doi

  134. [142]

    author author S. G. \ Chiuzb a ian , author T. Schmitt , author M. Matsubara , author A. Kotani , author G. Ghiringhelli , author C. Dallera , author A. Tagliaferri , author L. Braicovich , author V. Scagnoli , author N. B. \ Brookes , author U. Staub , \ and\ author L. Patthe...

    doi

  135. [143]

    Huotari , author T

    author author S. Huotari , author T. Pylkk\"anen , author G. Vank\'o , author R. Verbeni , author P. Glatzel , \ and\ author G. Monaco ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.041102 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 78 ,\ pages 041102 ( year 2008 ) NoStop

    doi

  136. [144]

    note Extracting the dynamical structure factor directly from RIXS spectra instead requires additional hypotheses Brink2006,Ament2011 . Stop

  137. [145]

    Ishii , author T

    author author K. Ishii , author T. Inami , author K. Ohwada , author K. Kuzushita , author J. Mizuki , author Y. Murakami , author S. Ishihara , author Y. Endoh , author S. Maekawa , author K. Hirota , \ and\ author Y. Moritomo ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.224437 journal journal Phy...

    doi

  138. [146]

    \ Kim , author J

    author author Y.-J. \ Kim , author J. P. \ Hill , author F. C. \ Chou , author D. Casa , author T. Gog , \ and\ author C. T. \ Venkataraman ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.155105 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 69 ,\ pages 155105 ( year 2004 ) NoStop

    doi

  139. [147]

    Grenier , author J

    author author S. Grenier , author J. P. \ Hill , author V. Kiryukhin , author W. Ku , author Y.-J. \ Kim , author K. J. \ Thomas , author S.-W. \ Cheong , author Y. Tokura , author Y. Tomioka , author D. Casa , \ and\ author T. Gog ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.047203 journal jour...

    doi

  140. [148]

    Braicovich , author G

    author author L. Braicovich , author G. Ghiringhelli , author L. H. \ Tjeng , author V. Bisogni , author C. Dallera , author A. Piazzalunga , author W. Reichelt , \ and\ author N. B. \ Brookes ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.125105 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 76 ,\ pages 1251...

    doi

  141. [149]

    Benckiser , author L

    author author E. Benckiser , author L. Fels , author G. Ghiringhelli , author M. Moretti Sala , author T. Schmitt , author J. Schlappa , author V. N. \ Strocov , author N. Mufti , author G. R. \ Blake , author A. A. \ Nugroho , author T. T. M. \ Palstra , author M. W. \ Haverk...

    doi

  142. [150]

    Bachar , author K

    author author N. Bachar , author K. Koteras , author J. Gawraczynski , author W. Trzci n \' n ski , author J. Paszula , author R. Piombo , author P. Barone , author Z. Mazej , author G. Ghiringhelli , author A. Nag , author K.-J. \ Zhou , author J. Lorenzana , author D. van de...

    doi

  143. [151]

    Agranovich \ and\ author V

    author author V. Agranovich \ and\ author V. Ginzburg ,\ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02406-5 title Crystal Optics with Spatial Dispersion, and Excitons ,\ Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences\ ( publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg ,\ year 1984 ) NoStop

    doi

  144. [152]

    Galami c \' c -Mulaomerovi c \' c \ and\ author C

    author author S. Galami c \' c -Mulaomerovi c \' c \ and\ author C. H. \ Patterson ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.035127 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 72 ,\ pages 035127 ( year 2005 ) NoStop

    2005 doi

  145. [153]

    @citealpnum Galamic2005 overestimated the corresponding experimental values

    note We note that both BSE results in Ref. @citealpnum Galamic2005 overestimated the corresponding experimental values. Stop

  146. [154]

    author author N. F. \ Mott ,\ https://doi.org/10.1201/b12795 title Metal-Insulator Transitions ,\ edition 2nd \ ed.\ ( publisher Taylor & Francis ,\ address London ,\ year 1990 ) NoStop

    1990 doi

  147. [155]

    Fujimori , author I

    author author A. Fujimori , author I. Hase , author H. Namatame , author Y. Fujishima , author Y. Tokura , author H. Eisaki , author S. Uchida , author K. Takegahara , \ and\ author F. M. F. \ de Groot ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1796 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 69...

    doi

  148. [156]

    Imada , author A

    author author M. Imada , author A. Fujimori , \ and\ author Y. Tokura ,\ 10.1103/RevModPhys.70.1039 journal journal Rev. Mod. Phys. \ volume 70 ,\ pages 1039 ( year 1998 ) NoStop

    1998 doi

  149. [157]

    van Veenendaal \ and\ author M

    author author M. van Veenendaal \ and\ author M. W. \ Haverkort ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.224107 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 77 ,\ pages 224107 ( year 2008 ) NoStop

    2008 doi

  150. [158]

    author author K. I. \ Kugel' \ and\ author D. I. \ Khomski ,\ 10.1070/pu1982v025n04abeh004537 journal journal Soviet Physics Uspekhi \ volume 25 ,\ pages 231 ( year 1982 ) NoStop

    1982 doi

  151. [159]

    van den Brink , author W

    author author J. van den Brink , author W. Stekelenburg , author D. I. \ Khomskii , author G. A. \ Sawatzky , \ and\ author K. I. \ Kugel ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.10276 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 58 ,\ pages 10276 ( year 1998 ) NoStop

    doi

  152. [160]

    Khaliullin ,\ 10.1143/PTPS.160.155 journal journal Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement \ volume 160 ,\ pages 155 ( year 2005 ) NoStop

    author author G. Khaliullin ,\ 10.1143/PTPS.160.155 journal journal Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement \ volume 160 ,\ pages 155 ( year 2005 ) NoStop

    2005 doi

  153. [161]

    \ Lee , author H

    author author C.-C. \ Lee , author H. C. \ Hsueh , \ and\ author W. Ku ,\ 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.081106 journal journal Phys. Rev. B \ volume 82 ,\ pages 081106 ( year 2010 ) NoStop

    2010 doi

  154. [162]

    Cudazzo , author F

    author author P. Cudazzo , author F. Sottile , author A. Rubio , \ and\ author M. Gatti ,\ 10.1088/0953-8984/27/11/113204 journal journal Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter \ volume 27 ,\ pages 113204 ( year 2015 ) NoStop

    2015 doi

  155. [163]

    note Contrary to cuprates, in h -BN the spin degree of freedom is, of course, inactive. Stop

  156. [164]

    van den Brink \ and\ author M

    author author J. van den Brink \ and\ author M. van Veenendaal ,\ 10.1209/epl/i2005-10366-9 journal journal Europhysics Letters ( EPL ) \ volume 73 ,\ pages 121 ( year 2006 ) NoStop

    2006 doi

Pith tools

Reviewed August 10, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.