Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance

As of 11 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 30 of 30 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2501.05629.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.05629 v1

Coverage vector

measured 30 of 30 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.530942Z

measured 31 of 31 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-27T05:15:07.811143Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-03T16:38:39.884548Z

Reference resolution

30 of 30 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy9
unresolved19
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 4f1f125f-e353-488b-b3c3-5919d893bb18 · outbound

This paper cites This is reflected in how these models perform in the languages of the different resource levels.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance This is reflected in how these models perform in the languages of the different resource levels

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.853523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 4617a81c-9a95-4029-8287-4ce9153afe80 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.954244Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 3bf1263e-d382-44d9-8458-dfe0bf9413a0 · outbound

This paper cites PaLM 2 Technical Report.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance PaLM 2 Technical Report

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.427122Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 086decec-dac1-4939-a3a5-7e10ffdd5ffd · outbound

This paper cites BUFFET: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Few-shot Cross-lingual Transfer.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance BUFFET: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Few-shot Cross-lingual Transfer

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.431724Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f0c80d76-22dd-4d25-b625-603ce86f46ef · outbound

This paper cites English Prompts are Better for NLI-based Zero-Shot Emotion Classification than Target-Language Prompts.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance English Prompts are Better for NLI-based Zero-Shot Emotion Classification than Target-Language Prompts

Reference 6

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.796988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 95e94d7f-4bf5-41fc-9cea-9073ef39b414 · outbound

This paper cites In Miceli-Barone, A.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance In Miceli-Barone, A

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.942073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 371649d0-32ed-4293-958d-1ee325144bc6 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding BLOOM: An empirical study on diverse NLP tasks.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance Understanding BLOOM: An empirical study on diverse NLP tasks

Reference 9

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.769473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation a7bd4a1f-cd59-42e5-ab16-2255f170f382 · outbound

This paper cites Do Multilingual Language Models Think Better in English?.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance Do Multilingual Language Models Think Better in English?

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.452740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e14ac71-e1e1-4a5f-b316-fd77a06a2b99 · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.460825Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation daa1b2ec-dd3a-4cb3-a250-0804b568295b · outbound

This paper cites arXiv:2402.04177.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance arXiv:2402.04177

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.464900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b7145e71-a3ed-4cca-8b5d-6e4feb0d1465 · outbound

This paper cites In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.929475Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation b9d193bb-f27a-4e01-b500-cbdde0db3f55 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Pro- cessing.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Pro- cessing

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.915566Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation d5be2192-de13-4a1f-93f9-e1394cb60089 · outbound

This paper cites Few-shot Fine-tuning vs. In-context Learning: A Fair Comparison and Evaluation.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance Few-shot Fine-tuning vs. In-context Learning: A Fair Comparison and Evaluation

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.480489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 39bd3b45-d24e-4b3f-98cc-e068fd4ffa4e · outbound

This paper cites No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.488434Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d2508260-3b02-4056-ab8e-e156267ca320 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Lan- guage Technologies.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Lan- guage Technologies

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.901535Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 297ce364-ea8e-4370-80c1-c4c6cd27dde7 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gopher

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.496190Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 721e949c-1b5b-4070-b5e3-68c09e95edba · outbound

This paper cites BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.500073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d50ca18b-7fb9-4cd2-a75e-7bdd69cacc18 · outbound

This paper cites Using DeepSpeed and Megatron to Train Megatron-Turing NLG 530B, A Large-Scale Generative Language Model.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance Using DeepSpeed and Megatron to Train Megatron-Turing NLG 530B, A Large-Scale Generative Language Model

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.503827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44002e0e-7377-4e1e-9824-642044c99781 · outbound

This paper cites In Miceli-Barone, A.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance In Miceli-Barone, A

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.888772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 05cd501f-7b5b-4a4e-9ecd-c5cc282b3421 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.511209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 05e1f653-c32b-4a51-b7c5-436528f61259 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 2023 Confer- ence on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance In Proceedings of the 2023 Confer- ence on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.877135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation cfbe763a-5528-4a63-8323-bbe3583050c6 · outbound

This paper cites Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.519375Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2e28f8be-3b22-4b8f-a1aa-bc9262512ce1 · outbound

This paper cites BLOOM+1: Adding Language Support to BLOOM for Zero-Shot Prompting.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance BLOOM+1: Adding Language Support to BLOOM for Zero-Shot Prompting

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.523171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b3fe1ff-61a2-4f83-868c-a0f9db9a65ce · outbound

This paper cites In Rogers, A.; Boyd-Graber, J.; and Okazaki, N., eds., Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023, 7479–7498.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance In Rogers, A.; Boyd-Graber, J.; and Okazaki, N., eds., Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023, 7479–7498

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.865374Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

Observation 5683bba6-5a2a-4e1e-a55b-9be06f2cb7ac · outbound

This paper cites Deep Learning Scaling is Predictable, Empirically.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance Deep Learning Scaling is Predictable, Empirically

Reference 2017

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.456694Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8d2f8c57-60b1-43b0-8e6b-6dc5d6bcb6d7 · outbound

This paper cites Deep Double Descent: Where Bigger Models and More Data Hurt.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance Deep Double Descent: Where Bigger Models and More Data Hurt

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.484408Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b6d0aaf5-c7b2-43db-8c01-51647fc36098 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.468377Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 713a6942-881b-47eb-8e43-f64108085f6c · outbound

This paper cites PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.444013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c7cf4e1a-17f5-4a7c-8145-c2f01934a0cc · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.413727Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5eba5210-cff3-4f45-9d58-51b705e81f59 · outbound

This paper cites SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialects.

The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance SIB-200: A Simple, Inclusive, and Big Evaluation Dataset for Topic Classification in 200+ Languages and Dialects

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:16:36.418235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation f9fbbffb-9a63-44a0-9906-25036cee02fd · inbound

Beyond Perplexity: UTF-8 Validity in Byte-aware Language Models cites this paper.

Beyond Perplexity: UTF-8 Validity in Byte-aware Language Models The Impact of Model Scaling on Seen and Unseen Language Performance

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T16:38:39.886066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.