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Census of Ly$\alpha$ Emission from $\sim 600$ Galaxies at $z=5-14$: Evolution of the Ly$\alpha$ Luminosity Function and a Late Sharp Cosmic Reionization

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arxiv 2501.05834 v3 pith:MNZGD2DL submitted 2025-01-10 astro-ph.GA

Yuta Kageura , Masami Ouchi , Minami Nakane , Hiroya Umeda , Yuichi Harikane , Shintaro Yoshiura , Kimihiko Nakajima , Hidenobu Yajima
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Tran Thi Thai
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keywords alphareionizationluminosityfractiongalaxieslatemathrmsharp
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abstract

We present the statistical properties of Ly$\alpha$ emission in 586 galaxies at $z=4.5-14.2$, observed by multiple JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy projects, including JADES, GLASS, CEERS, and GO/DDT programs. We obtain Ly$\alpha$ equivalent width (EW), Ly$\alpha$ escape fraction, and ionizing photon production efficiency measurements or upper limits for these galaxies, and confirm that the Ly$\alpha$ emitting galaxy fraction decreases towards higher redshifts. We derive Ly$\alpha$ luminosity functions from $z\sim 5$ to $z\sim 10-14$ with the observed Ly$\alpha$ EW distributions and galaxy UV luminosity functions, and find a $\sim3$ dex decrease in number density at $L_\mathrm{Ly\alpha}=10^{42}-10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$ over the redshift range. Notably, this study presents the first constraints on the Ly$\alpha$ luminosity function at $z\sim 8-14$. We obtain the neutral hydrogen fractions of $x_\mathrm{HI}=0.17_{-0.16}^{+0.23}$, $0.63_{-0.28}^{+0.18}$, $0.79_{-0.21}^{+0.13}$, and $0.88_{-0.13}^{+0.11}$ at $z\sim6$, $7$, $8-9$, and $10-14$, respectively, via comparisons of the reionization models developed by semi-numerical simulations with 21cmFAST explaining the observations of Ly$\alpha$, UV continuum, and Planck electron optical depth. The high $x_\mathrm{HI}$ values over $z\sim 7-14$ suggest a late and sharp reionization, with the primary reionization process occurring at $z\sim 6-7$. Such a late and sharp reionization is not easily explained by either a clumpy inter-galactic medium or sources of reionization in a classical faint-galaxy or a bright-galaxy/AGN scenario, unless a very high escape fraction or AGN duty cycle is assumed at $z\sim 6-7$.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Lyman-alpha haloes in the aftermath of reionisation

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    Lyα haloes around low-luminosity LAEs at z≥6 have exponential scale lengths ~3× smaller than at z~3 under matched intrinsic surface-brightness sensitivity, with stacks of non-detections showing no extended emission at high-z.

  2. The Impact of Galaxy Overdensities and Ionized Bubbles on Ly$\alpha$ Emission at $z\sim7.0-8.5$

    astro-ph.GA 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Strong Lyα emitters at z~7-8.5 are preferentially found in galaxy overdensities comparable in size to predicted ionized bubbles, with the EGS field showing evidence for an unusually large ionized sightline.

  3. Subaru meets JWST: A Direct Measurement of Ly$\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ Escape Fraction at $\boldsymbol{z\simeq6.2}$ with Dual Narrow-Band Imaging

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    Completeness-weighted stacking of 56 HAEs at z≃6.2 gives median f_esc^Lyα = 0.106^{+0.066}_{-0.044} with no strong Hα-luminosity dependence and UV-linked galaxy-to-galaxy trends.

  4. No way ou$\tau$: Epoch of Reionization Observations Do not Support Large Values of the Optical Depth to Reionization

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Epoch-of-reionization hydrogen probes, combined with CMB and BAO data but no CMB polarization, yield tau_reio = 0.067 +/- 0.011 and leave the dynamical-dark-energy preference at ~2 sigma.

  5. Ly$\alpha$ Emission from [OIII] Emitters Near Reionization: The role of environment in galaxy Ly$\alpha$ detection

    astro-ph.GA 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Lyα detectability among JWST-selected [OIII] emitters at z~5-6 varies with environment, with a deficit in a large z=6.19 overdensity and enhanced detection in two groups at z~5.73-5.78.

  6. In Search of the First Stars: An Ultra-Compact and Very Low Metallicity Lyman-$\alpha$ Emitter Deep Within the Epoch of Reionization

    astro-ph.GA 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A JWST survey finds an ultra-compact, lensed galaxy at z=8.2 with gas metallicity of about 1.4 percent solar, among the lowest known at this epoch.

  7. The Impact of Population III.1 Flash Reionization for CMB Polarization and Thomson Scattering Optical Depth

    astro-ph.CO 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    An early 'Pop III.1 Flash' reionization phase shifts CMB polarization power from l<8 to l>8, allowing a higher optical depth τ≈0.08–0.09 while staying closer to Planck's low-l EE data than a standard tanh reionization model.

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