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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories

As of 11 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 159 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.06143.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.06143 v3

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 159 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:53.569364Z

measured 100 of 100 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

100 of 159 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact5
  • verified fuzzy5
  • unresolved90
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 227e7ac0-651d-4802-9cad-bd0aa736e733 · outbound

This paper cites Vaswani, N.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Vaswani, N

Reference 1

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Observation e3248b5a-b5d1-4fdc-8330-0a673b25b8ca · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.115874Z digest=sha256:7233c3e7c5a04ba17424178f30b941e6f3291ec9a825e07a404bf5c259a9bb77

Observation 44f0303f-f49d-4dbb-b760-b647327ebfd5 · outbound

This paper cites html (accessed January 2023).

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories html (accessed January 2023)

Reference 3

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.121116Z digest=sha256:c01c373ad3aac70aa6dd0c399fdb91f80124ba86575e8e18514ef79dd994182b

Observation ae5ca06f-3570-4f47-ae46-396e26a43c22 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.125769Z digest=sha256:b20645e103f5faae40aa4bc2b0251e703b18f828c59d2defd0c73662a89b5ea0

Observation 2e12b630-2084-4af8-8f4a-926b9c5f7c71 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.130476Z digest=sha256:0115e9ca0365cc0a455bac97d6dcd0b0fa0aa22103d2134afb31af96aae89f75

Observation 57e2a5c6-a3b1-40af-bcb4-44a242f75889 · outbound

This paper cites People cannot distinguish GPT-4 from a human in a Turing test.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories People cannot distinguish GPT-4 from a human in a Turing test

Reference 6

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.135352Z digest=sha256:c013bca21d85da4d6bbb4303b596cc473bfb48bae4bbc7017f71a39ca558ca37

Observation 493dcf2a-c323-459a-991a-64f27e93b82d · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 7

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.140627Z digest=sha256:6c7f577d7812d1930feed1d269896f9e6ab700fdbbd0a77931d974b513280b15

Observation e439540f-7592-4f0c-b08e-7a5c4e0f5402 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.146027Z digest=sha256:4b4fd7d9ce84a8a356329f1778b886feaecc41f776d8ea4a1e3a787b58810a11

Observation 42748875-a766-4631-b2fd-c28cadeba23d · outbound

This paper cites Kortemeyer, Could an artificial-intelligence agent pass an introductory physics course?, Phys.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Kortemeyer, Could an artificial-intelligence agent pass an introductory physics course?, Phys

Reference 9

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.150671Z digest=sha256:ca1cbc21e147785e80d19a61ae0688d972a9d5075745beaa6c63e6cc4d18b1cf

Observation 9140709f-d893-4e99-ab67-cd5fd6ea354d · outbound

This paper cites Polverini and B.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Polverini and B

Reference 10

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.155378Z digest=sha256:65252a5a33712a3b6187bd747f65b64d7530cab23624ecf7368f251e26c592d6

Observation ea516964-dd55-4549-a5c3-df1ac43c61f8 · outbound

This paper cites Kortemeyer and W.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Kortemeyer and W

Reference 11

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.159550Z digest=sha256:d40ef5eaed068bd8839cfeed5cca1760644b3343ff85d0ec62a10164212d36ba

Observation 9aa21e77-0ff6-49e9-8e61-48720171e0af · outbound

This paper cites Yeadon and T.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Yeadon and T

Reference 12

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.163992Z digest=sha256:503956cec2e13ce664078a5da94a76392c5b57bfcfbeafcc7442e656d842a264

Observation a4016320-a8bb-4737-8359-f49185a0d897 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.168562Z digest=sha256:721869ceab02c898404262ef933abcca28a040ee79bbae34102e7385188b3c45

Observation dcd69792-4b2d-4f1b-8bdd-f44908b02ed2 · outbound

This paper cites Sperling and J.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Sperling and J

Reference 14

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.173447Z digest=sha256:c2704bcb6973f7981437ba3ed61087884ea5151bc93e9eb34d57f960af62720d

Observation 39df8338-9a41-4b39-92ec-baa14658019e · outbound

This paper cites K¨ uchemann, M.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories K¨ uchemann, M

Reference 15

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.177545Z digest=sha256:d3ce5066b7754f496196518b09772f2260cfe86fb76a5062b6e920ce026f6209

Observation 92b70af3-4ded-408b-b9fe-18a1bfbbd444 · outbound

This paper cites Bitzenbauer, Chatgpt in physics education: A pi- lot study on easy-to-implement activities, Contempo- rary Educational Technology 15, ep430 (2023).

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Bitzenbauer, Chatgpt in physics education: A pi- lot study on easy-to-implement activities, Contempo- rary Educational Technology 15, ep430 (2023)

Reference 16

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.181807Z digest=sha256:66eb603ef33f1412d61d8b4dfae08d3262720a4b3018c8b0852240429b63951b

Observation a21cc8fc-b8ad-4e32-9bbd-3688dec1e3f0 · outbound

This paper cites K¨ uchemann, S.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories K¨ uchemann, S

Reference 17

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.185843Z digest=sha256:e0eecf93c1f2b847462c89b517e1d2d31e8a0b5b7b665dc9693f29fdff713e0f

Observation 962c2ede-750d-4d25-9b85-a40692c797be · outbound

This paper cites Kortemeyer, Using artificial-intelligence tools to make LaTeX content accessible to blind readers, TUG- boat 44, 390 (2023).

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Kortemeyer, Using artificial-intelligence tools to make LaTeX content accessible to blind readers, TUG- boat 44, 390 (2023)

Reference 18

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.190329Z digest=sha256:de4583aba91aeec164ab5d85691df0668cf91ba15b34df725362ec30728b61d9

Observation 3e7b4d86-a45e-41d2-87ea-2118ca494269 · outbound

This paper cites Wan and Z.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Wan and Z

Reference 19

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.194440Z digest=sha256:fbae95665bcb6a8a15a27587275078f140740477cd9c517da99aa064fbe7ea13

Observation e7154469-e72a-4216-b3a0-4b4a3905e42d · outbound

This paper cites Chen and T.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Chen and T

Reference 20

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.198733Z digest=sha256:44d4389fbce508be06d78b8ee3d97961d33fb97a35f81ece26d7dfe918c62304

Observation 6855dc0b-4582-4795-a49e-e1cb7dc651e3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.203047Z digest=sha256:c6bd42b98161f06be699c077933cd08da1ab903022c8c06e6e19f1a5c07d4f88

Observation e2403a72-7c1d-4516-825a-ea9fe45b86b3 · outbound

This paper cites Gregorcic, G.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Gregorcic, G

Reference 22

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Observation ed767ec0-9bdd-44b0-9dbe-8512360d5e9a · outbound

This paper cites Crawford, M.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Crawford, M

Reference 23

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.211511Z digest=sha256:821d9d58311f3efddd2f88906431d9216a3cfd8b2a46043cba9f513aa31b9da4

Observation c42361a4-d24c-4fe5-a934-2b1604bdbd96 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.215571Z digest=sha256:4ce53d5f635bef1cb0932da51343e2001e3bc22df91567a2ad451c135dd58ff8

Observation b59f35cb-7b4e-4658-bbee-ad98b09e3980 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.220603Z digest=sha256:e3cdec0f72144880bbf8670bfb364a5ee3aabd5409d0257aef0c10286993f6d1

Observation b804b46d-dfde-4dc5-84fe-08526bdeec33 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.225519Z digest=sha256:ea43e14f27fe105d526c5ec8e230107a85cb14021f9abcc8de8e7b1d23b91c6c

Observation 4b079540-2b9d-4ba6-82b5-4329a2cca680 · outbound

This paper cites AI and the FCI: Can ChatGPT Project an Understanding of Introductory Physics?.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories AI and the FCI: Can ChatGPT Project an Understanding of Introductory Physics?

Reference 27

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:54.053761Z

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Observation 7da598df-3b3b-4a99-9f3d-c1140fbd992f · outbound

This paper cites Wheeler and R.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Wheeler and R

Reference 28

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.234643Z digest=sha256:9a7616d206e78c50f612a40ee72a91dbe990c784d421fb6efd3c74525453ac23

Observation 4acfb135-deff-4e69-a9bf-8760833939bc · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.239311Z digest=sha256:340ab8469cc9383cb13f175487698c41d0bc33f96836251d5efc38b44ae000b9

Observation 2884e660-e241-4946-a1f3-5942e8f161ba · outbound

This paper cites Aldazharova, G.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Aldazharova, G

Reference 30

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.243878Z digest=sha256:3bd6d484ad9e4234b4ff7c2e5bfaa05a28e34d10b428bad7f1de5cc995b6f014

Observation 7b253108-8a2e-412a-aa37-ec075c4a783c · outbound

This paper cites Polverini and B.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Polverini and B

Reference 31

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.249175Z digest=sha256:4ff7071046960fcbd0cb2f8b75b787e5f88e254c558def65fe0269a1ccd07298

Observation 61506f8d-95ec-4064-9bc3-b7edced25182 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.253916Z digest=sha256:b0322261445668db138d2bfeea9f8b3e7174f7a9fa53d8bf4f0685a31f5ded16

Observation cb428834-12a2-4e83-becf-6ec11bd2420f · outbound

This paper cites Hestenes, M.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Hestenes, M

Reference 33

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.258683Z digest=sha256:74186604c5f7844868a4aeb1ad605ca3cd6efaa53a60a8a91d18ef52cf370cd5

Observation eba816e3-5e21-48b3-b6b5-b958e682cc81 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.263452Z digest=sha256:a67de8af3708d976f394cf051fac4875133cdc067d27208a2d0d89255dea0ac3

Observation 524c9e9f-ee74-4d93-9c66-6f3492ea128d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.267632Z digest=sha256:17012229ac0f49efc1bd03358eb481ed617a17c8bbf761505c7c48f73dfaba55

Observation 7f22356b-d63d-403a-afef-0c4ed80c314a · outbound

This paper cites Polverini and B.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Polverini and B

Reference 36

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.272027Z digest=sha256:9c3101ab290eee3c9331b0b4194ca372ffcd9ba20b151750139d6b6589092b0b

Observation e969b660-d24a-41ec-8afe-5e0ed576411c · outbound

This paper cites Performance of ChatGPT on tasks involving physics visual representations: the case of the Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Performance of ChatGPT on tasks involving physics visual representations: the case of the Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment

Reference 37

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:54.032064Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation 73ecc5be-8b9e-43fe-8ada-908d9ec4fe3b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.281573Z digest=sha256:95adfb16a4196bb149ff81e0d789d74d3febdf0bedb8fdf7a6b2efd757134b43

Observation b03ef5ac-912c-47d1-8264-ebf57ec091f1 · outbound

This paper cites Sands, M.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Sands, M

Reference 39

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.285934Z digest=sha256:3bc54ae18cc8b124888fa78569b648b5a9c83beb92d4c7a8f98b9a91bf344bbe

Observation bd461eec-17fd-4296-9240-04840272304c · outbound

This paper cites Henderson, Common concerns about the force con- cept inventory, The Physics Teacher 40, 542 (2002).

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Henderson, Common concerns about the force con- cept inventory, The Physics Teacher 40, 542 (2002)

Reference 40

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.290275Z digest=sha256:44e6d078eed37ded7f13e9ebce3e86217fb0cf18326a926eb6fbdbd6b5bdeaeb

Observation ac3c1d8a-5c1f-4df6-a728-5b3ababaa765 · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.294971Z digest=sha256:2fdf95131eaa11501f509521efcef2b8021891b3c4a9813e398c20f7ce1ae1ad

Observation 44053789-b227-4d12-988f-854c965269a8 · outbound

This paper cites Geisler, Quality metrics for automated evaluation of exercises within student-LLM dialogues, Unpublished M.Sc.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Geisler, Quality metrics for automated evaluation of exercises within student-LLM dialogues, Unpublished M.Sc

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.299815Z digest=sha256:e5d1546246cec1b9d44ed3eabede145a640a4f7cad93aa90acbc38a86fbaa21b

Observation 036c9f05-c7ac-4029-b017-7862ac56a2df · outbound

This paper cites Gregorcic and A.-M.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Gregorcic and A.-M

Reference 43

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.304419Z digest=sha256:8d50ed4789b16ce2058cb7fc66008ab619ccd58e1524e4fb15a9d18e558f3cc4

Observation 6d7d3116-f284-49fe-be9a-2042dc9c16a5 · outbound

This paper cites Madsen, S.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Madsen, S

Reference 44

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.309633Z digest=sha256:820b917baa506288584211b78208d271f76a63324819cf97dd2cce085b1d7442

Observation 702b38a2-f63e-40d8-867b-2fc00c4798e7 · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.314656Z digest=sha256:da2ea3bf10ecfa4602e09274c92f049accb474a7e82e079a75e07e0b704bf0a6

Observation 1bd38d9b-a35c-4940-8b2b-245baf6f61fa · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.318944Z digest=sha256:68920575fc5bc0effee31ae259bcde782d1966ceb9aff63a4ba769520775c4e8

Observation b11900b4-5c4e-45b6-85c4-78292e6bf0b9 · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.323282Z digest=sha256:8d7d4073b45eb58f3185f6157dc6986390f7135944e2905ea48def85a3f4d1a5

Observation 8f01c506-9b3c-45bd-95e4-11e23c02afcf · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.327651Z digest=sha256:27cbf0d28f4638432644f3af299ce95c5bd69eb0819b8f9f67ae52f423b6adf5

Observation 64b1258b-c1b7-49ec-92e6-660f977792fb · outbound

This paper cites Euler, E.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Euler, E

Reference 49

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.332233Z digest=sha256:fb6b2d75f268fb3cb8774e47bdd68ac65b8db2a07576781355d2ca22b803c9da

Observation a09f5c86-08c7-4313-90f4-687a90e515db · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.336828Z digest=sha256:2c7a7af22652f7dd722d2561abdcb866984d6d61e127ab5474629d2731f64116

Observation 5b680861-d501-4251-9c76-206b860de161 · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.341754Z digest=sha256:a3fb6d7916db2d13532ea03bb1df4d9e6fb1452afb93cc949e5847701834dedd

Observation 87810a0b-33d9-4dc0-b1ca-1addc4513607 · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.346106Z digest=sha256:913c9a48aa978b42aa1629c3ba0dde144e9e394fc8c4c3e664caa073cc5aea9d

Observation b5478c72-f208-4dbd-909b-787fbfde2e41 · outbound

This paper cites Lost in Translation: Large Language Models in Non-English Content Analysis.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Lost in Translation: Large Language Models in Non-English Content Analysis

Reference 53

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.350564Z digest=sha256:9db928a87a6f8160d08303e83f3463e81927a66e871258cf44d9438373739f19

Observation 5aa188ae-5c21-497c-ba04-d7d6ccd2ea4e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.355132Z digest=sha256:a8c37b9a20301051dff16d96025f46d9da58d70731407026a8d4e4dd1f3ec2f3

Observation 25cb030f-abb8-42ec-8281-015201b00116 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.359430Z digest=sha256:64e5e87b6a56c22092f9f913b38c755ee1cbb8c72ad78a46c0e3986aac1395b7

Observation 8ad28e75-b846-4fdb-8f11-68c5fa68f6b2 · outbound

This paper cites AI, Swiss AI Initiative, https://www.swiss-ai.org/ (retrieved January 2025).

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories AI, Swiss AI Initiative, https://www.swiss-ai.org/ (retrieved January 2025)

Reference 56

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.363532Z digest=sha256:b37ab0a5ed9417973e2f60c747863923aa4ad4ee9c27cd06d78ee96dc4a43181

Observation 8015e5e3-0c3f-4a71-b046-0f30a74f7959 · outbound

This paper cites com/research/papers/the-ai-language-gap.pdf (ac- cessed December 2024).

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories com/research/papers/the-ai-language-gap.pdf (ac- cessed December 2024)

Reference 57

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.367626Z digest=sha256:7e4ddaf49e2e2100c108e274e45d740982078fb5a46f8fe0ba8bbe4d1370f56e

Observation 556e7406-d844-403f-a048-d5018a2d087c · outbound

This paper cites Teaching LLMs to Abstain across Languages via Multilingual Feedback.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Teaching LLMs to Abstain across Languages via Multilingual Feedback

Reference 58

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.372616Z digest=sha256:955a517ea1f120dc8844dbe209ecdeb0f4b7215715442684ee06192e8813a92d

Observation 775f041f-3fab-416a-beba-8292981d9174 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 59

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doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:53.888317Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.378020Z digest=sha256:40beb2ad0758ae0d873072fda1788632f7ad1b2cb65a0b49b34b401c65bd2849

Observation dcb553d1-9b12-45ef-a158-ecbca94d2711 · outbound

This paper cites Tschisgale, P.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Tschisgale, P

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.383076Z digest=sha256:c7f2d8168acdda395019f9ef6c9580189e9d61072a35c3f634a7fe23297ce39a

Observation 94a78e5c-4c6a-4376-bf8e-d7aa9db5e563 · outbound

This paper cites Tschisgale, P.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Tschisgale, P

Reference 61

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.387440Z digest=sha256:94ee14f346883073d937d3b8b016b5670651723ad9875e0e3d3036f45f34001c

Observation 25774bf0-8dd3-4a39-b72b-257432eaa1fe · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.391744Z digest=sha256:c51faafc34f7060c52ed8f73be90446bf7fbd5ba3900301f75c16ee67f098d0d

Observation 73e7135e-3b17-4d21-a7d2-663d424e358b · outbound

This paper cites Bakhtin, L.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Bakhtin, L

Reference 63

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.396293Z digest=sha256:9ee00ba8fe53c211cbdd76bdc1a26ca500a78536c79f980ef6eaf34824ca6e50

Observation dd15a22d-dead-4eda-99f9-b4aade880df2 · outbound

This paper cites Phy-Q as a measure for physical reasoning intelligence.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Phy-Q as a measure for physical reasoning intelligence

Reference 64

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local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:53.971928Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.400671Z digest=sha256:4c84e0938e939d32010cac6a79690d4955dda8fec6d6363b33cd48f87840ed74

Observation 4b91f4a5-5ddc-424c-b3c1-0688133ec457 · outbound

This paper cites Benchmarks for Physical Reasoning AI.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Benchmarks for Physical Reasoning AI

Reference 65

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.405422Z digest=sha256:873438ffbf6cae8b852c9064994ed217bec705dee9af276f7008d57ad2f8583b

Observation 53198c81-adb7-48cd-b5e2-b70dd6d5c481 · outbound

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Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 66

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.410535Z digest=sha256:9c72ae121aceefb6c1dffa0ef0b293bc7d9e9b7bfa1e042c74c7bdde079ec521

Observation 9103e610-f996-47c2-b788-eab96fd80e5d · outbound

This paper cites Kortemeyer and J.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Kortemeyer and J

Reference 67

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.415784Z digest=sha256:51d2a38cd5709c3c9f1072ed207ec7c9db2b5676b0546007b19f3c66b9968276

Observation 1ab5f232-b0a4-4309-b351-b6573b8b4754 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 68

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.420650Z digest=sha256:ff432b0152700cb4f86e2c97e95c9d0462f326cf11e1e293db0a7c1bcb3c969d

Observation c52dbd76-67b1-4b54-a348-e22aa0310356 · outbound

This paper cites Using Generative AI and Multi-Agents to Provide Automatic Feedback.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Using Generative AI and Multi-Agents to Provide Automatic Feedback

Reference 69

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.425727Z digest=sha256:7cdba3c50df1583788b591f36e31077ffd57b5e67485f491e678e59fa7bc3719

Observation 44e101ce-8708-42fe-9c39-6dfabf4cd205 · outbound

This paper cites Krupp, J.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Krupp, J

Reference 70

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.430964Z digest=sha256:cda738475aa7ee683f1ea99ee447ba50c2daa218b29f0e99971a02e6f47b70b7

Observation e24ebd2e-01eb-4942-b6ad-59e4df00b034 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 71

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.435614Z digest=sha256:f20a19ab4c48bbc6c20e8d58b874a19dfd519f1ca17d0fa145bd62cd4553a122

Observation e3160cc3-79d2-4d9a-ac62-1a32231d1ac3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 72

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.440380Z digest=sha256:054767c1fd12853439ea9442712a2dcdf197ee43b2c4d369f70a6f7e7c96e2d8

Observation 99e33d38-bfa8-4cdb-b379-4d14b6b77896 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 73

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.445414Z digest=sha256:f1da8bc4ab148c9000cd828e7365185d9283b047e87caadae18ca7ad11feae9d

Observation 758738c9-62cb-4ace-901f-39d67661df03 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 74

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.450614Z digest=sha256:e846320ff8277092cd19e5f891da3ef8505422550c576333aa40b18bd03f733b

Observation 8cb9cc01-c9ed-4dd5-90c9-4b948e3e1740 · outbound

This paper cites Bulathwela, M.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Bulathwela, M

Reference 75

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.455612Z digest=sha256:c45e3922e2d860decb644b13627736e5e86d408c024e2da2327fba448e4db44b

Observation 22132f5f-a50d-4057-97a3-57bbe20cff44 · outbound

This paper cites Liang, D.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Liang, D

Reference 76

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.460389Z digest=sha256:f8b21d335870b5bd3ba47562ef8302333581f51c35a6230f71b957be4634eb74

Observation d207120b-b426-4b16-969f-b3b7e0fc5b25 · outbound

This paper cites Latif, R.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Latif, R

Reference 77

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.464613Z digest=sha256:ed382edc6dbe6867ad35780739794b988598d430dbebb579a5cc3b589f679276

Observation fbced350-0f9a-4d7c-80e5-0df5e97c810a · outbound

This paper cites Lieb and T.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Lieb and T

Reference 78

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.469805Z digest=sha256:931bef9b96c2a42e6f5ad4c51b507525324b36a668322c28b469a938ae54618e

Observation e0a35a15-7785-4b2f-838b-615a8a543551 · outbound

This paper cites Kahaleh and V.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Kahaleh and V

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Observation 7ca73505-9f80-4275-9598-0cfc24fd8bd1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 80

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.479428Z digest=sha256:a4967997c82987de79ca61a44829447eae11a288c47b9aaa0b6572829a82b708

Observation dbd85fb2-60ec-4425-931a-5ac5e29111e7 · outbound

This paper cites Zhu, Z.-Y.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Zhu, Z.-Y

Reference 81

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.484207Z digest=sha256:d807f88c45ddf553c741738a2e11f5baddacd7df1124368fe127c1812509c65c

Observation da9d3211-cf39-4ae6-b5e1-fc7a0340d6a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 82

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.488616Z digest=sha256:a750e0750f0118d5b0a1b218d3e137f97ee07beac7c34e032838056132117610

Observation e80de4ba-4c46-4028-a563-390cae24db63 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 83

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:53.493818Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.493818Z digest=sha256:920ad2f63746cebe90df293ff1b5b4b20cfd3a85e45ca1e043598722ff7264bc

Observation 37307818-20da-46b4-85f2-30f64613737c · outbound

This paper cites Von Korff, B.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Von Korff, B

Reference 84

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:53.498406Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.498406Z digest=sha256:96438c0a8307b8fda624e0fe7c12399fb909c1397e0f2e6e49b71f6d14d9d341

Observation a3f585f8-5360-4ee0-89d6-2eae3bad6bef · outbound

This paper cites Hufnagel, Development of the astronomy diagnostic test, Astronomy Education Review 1, 47 (2002).

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Hufnagel, Development of the astronomy diagnostic test, Astronomy Education Review 1, 47 (2002)

Reference 85

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.502754Z digest=sha256:5ddd6b7579902805cee7e927a1066e0f478109c07fe2d1a4b85c65b52229c573

Observation 75f5d7cc-3b99-4d0e-947a-fdadf0206482 · outbound

This paper cites Brogt, D.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Brogt, D

Reference 86

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.507735Z digest=sha256:2e30faf1bb8f4c69ba0b3333d107c90c4b7d2ff160b5369e82df8a2ad638ad9e

Observation 87fae60d-6f1e-4b20-af6d-c249ca65dbda · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 87

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.511838Z digest=sha256:9b84d3c0e0b4fe324cccc64dcfc8cec99f22744889f687fa16c73da1168f8cb0

Observation 53292b9a-3f29-41c4-9fd6-81e510299307 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 88

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:53.516339Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.516339Z digest=sha256:45861ab82859fa14a434406a4918889e5bf785aa4fcb4acb093e133b64133e6f

Observation d337d7f8-d5c1-48b7-ab53-88a73b623f0a · outbound

This paper cites Epstein, The calculus concept inventory, National STEM Assessment, Washington, DC , 60 (2006).

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Epstein, The calculus concept inventory, National STEM Assessment, Washington, DC , 60 (2006)

Reference 89

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:53.520466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.520466Z digest=sha256:f7147644a7a36d415547aec0f853a7942339e1ce66fa94c6dbc2bbeb3c2fb2ea

Observation 8c4b837c-57ae-48c4-9c9a-070bd16cd8f7 · outbound

This paper cites Maciejewski, Flipping the calculus classroom: an evaluative study, Teaching Mathematics and its Appli- cations: An International Journal of the IMA 35, 187 (2016).

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Maciejewski, Flipping the calculus classroom: an evaluative study, Teaching Mathematics and its Appli- cations: An International Journal of the IMA 35, 187 (2016)

Reference 90

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:53.525953Z

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.525953Z digest=sha256:9d2850b6e7d90071b5fb9aa346943ea247df37cc9464805721f75d5cbd60cb51

Observation 39188734-5cd8-4af9-b44e-94a0864b7c4a · outbound

This paper cites Day and D.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Day and D

Reference 91

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:55.063953Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.530738Z digest=sha256:7c4acbf6eec21a3c38e3504ae7bf8d6576f8e6d28ac5eaa4899d7f701e71d908

Observation 94996a2f-c58c-4f82-a6b7-711e4a01b201 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 92

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.534732Z digest=sha256:f189a78901fd04c5fa1cc2a78c3579e4a9c929485f6888755d8c8d8838079059

Observation b1af5d59-0a3e-4334-8676-7afc7b58517b · outbound

This paper cites Tapping, G.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Tapping, G

Reference 93

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:55.031954Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.538976Z digest=sha256:6b1df271a33ce06a35657e02b7cd925520549e2f0c0b8c4dc0c21424398a1890

Observation 77da7ddf-ee52-4e8e-94d1-c7358eccf618 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 94

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:55.017822Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.543027Z digest=sha256:6e5a2c20f6cfe16fd6daea38aacd319806ea2508426a8f9a88aab0bba83195cc

Observation 27d0815e-5069-47f5-bbac-9eecba7b2cfa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 95

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:55.003334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.547365Z digest=sha256:f14aa1000827b05ddce3190b65175e834fed3a7db20a982264305bde953497cc

Observation f082146a-fe0b-4786-a7eb-8c13aba13a26 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 96

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:54.986712Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.551501Z digest=sha256:aa70a80d346d2fab88e1a918bb172b6952a67e5deaa5bb0f3dd5e0048c113d13

Observation 965c3cc8-141d-4c82-8304-841d8592be7f · outbound

This paper cites Sangam and B.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Sangam and B

Reference 97

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:54.971969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.555935Z digest=sha256:3577ad963211fc93349b8dd6e9bfcf90831305f22fe1a206752de713b86762f0

Observation 3f207539-25a1-4e1e-8233-fa711195a91d · outbound

This paper cites Yeend, M.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Yeend, M

Reference 98

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:54.957202Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.560453Z digest=sha256:5512e7a1d40b9a8d4c6be3fb60ee16b9827c3b60300a985302cd7c23cb4a2d54

Observation 33db9f74-5f7c-4328-be6e-6d27e9966844 · outbound

This paper cites Zenger and P.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Zenger and P

Reference 99

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:54.942885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.565085Z digest=sha256:10e6649ea05338286a7ba495e1cc8e2c28f6d4da4cff56e16bb50ac5a040158e

Observation 505e958e-10da-4df2-80b8-128e17559d2e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Multilingual Performance of a Multimodal Artificial Intelligence System on Multisubject Physics Concept Inventories Unresolved cited work

Reference 100

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:09:54.927973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T21:09:53.569364Z digest=sha256:36bab70abf7dd56689903e269637509ef085d402ea35be3153679c0e0a189522

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.