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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 70 of 70 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.18279.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.18279 v2

Coverage vector

measured 70 of 70 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.292513Z

measured 70 of 70 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

70 of 70 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact5
  • verified fuzzy33
  • unresolved25
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier4
  • metadata mismatch3

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 13da52e4-77f4-4fdd-a10c-4bb56a170eaf · outbound

This paper cites Ripple Labs Inc.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Ripple Labs Inc

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.824324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.073764Z digest=sha256:335837375fa9da711dac37aa15c6afd4deaebeddc142110bebb0bc115fa8929f

Observation 873da9f4-4694-44b3-b608-0f55e107c53a · outbound

This paper cites In: Sadeghi, A.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: Sadeghi, A

Reference 2

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.362454Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.077477Z digest=sha256:e10e8c243325218b9e4678b4e089ca824e3ecd1a998fecf0458190d4cbe21021

Observation 2c66793e-8cb1-4329-ba2b-eb7d6d5e8557 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE access 9, 140549– 140564 (2021).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization IEEE access 9, 140549– 140564 (2021)

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.815649Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.081451Z digest=sha256:3a662d65f00129a30d349aae8a697486738198e7a603f8e40e9f31767c0d02cc

Observation e013914c-570a-480d-b958-89ff059e31ab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.806973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.085080Z digest=sha256:2b0746eef7c0aefc2807f64f71e5b40e60078fbb6c67cf0cb89d433d94768fe8

Observation 95fb302c-7f3e-4803-a5b6-6639430d8f92 · outbound

This paper cites Financial Cryptography and Data Security 2024: Twenty-Eighth International Conference (2024).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Financial Cryptography and Data Security 2024: Twenty-Eighth International Conference (2024)

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.797300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.088792Z digest=sha256:f3420db080e9775ceaf82b8ab24c665f17b0074fcff428a29ac865a3b10ba51c

Observation e0806a40-4c75-4efd-b91f-3d55611e07c1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.788934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.091948Z digest=sha256:9430a613ed5178ba27b549c9a1ccace8222c9e72a61c68cb1b8be75571504337

Observation db91236d-27c5-4f56-97e6-ce008a884135 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.780802Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.095078Z digest=sha256:673e4654a282e5e31fdc40ffc9e6eff6b652ddc71c04f2a74f0a1ff7c37fc276

Observation d6afba82-212a-4a5c-acd3-c2d35dc37f16 · outbound

This paper cites Combining GHOST and Casper.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Combining GHOST and Casper

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.098867Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.098867Z digest=sha256:497f87b4eefd804f26592642e5f46e57abbbe82ce347fbcde85f4fb5c8017600

Observation d91d6f6f-b4b9-476b-9c66-4890f591b158 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.772823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.102797Z digest=sha256:6a48f91030477a5831d7f9ff7f8c98f39aeb04dd87fd649e1d57ae872bddc71c

Observation 54835b64-b22b-4b9c-afbe-ce6988f569e8 · outbound

This paper cites The Evolution Of Centralisation on Cryptocurrency Platforms.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization The Evolution Of Centralisation on Cryptocurrency Platforms

Reference 10

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.344204Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.106030Z digest=sha256:1b5765ee4f225c6f1101028442f849e487c1ae5b7c2a2902ac4ebe70777b5f9f

Observation 4aa03126-b76b-4d4d-b26d-82cef87287d9 · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the 1st ChainScience Conference in Boston, MA, USA (2023).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: Proceedings of the 1st ChainScience Conference in Boston, MA, USA (2023)

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.764603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.109274Z digest=sha256:523a4bbba4d4770ef2ce147fa8b010c4b4c1f5e9f3e5e600cf84250c37200b9d

Observation 9a7b940e-1110-4116-add6-861e72706d86 · outbound

This paper cites On Decentralization of Bitcoin: An Asset Perspective.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization On Decentralization of Bitcoin: An Asset Perspective

Reference 12

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.332230Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.112760Z digest=sha256:7126285145636d7c011bd0c473f9bab9d835add2172e882c981850b2968d320e

Observation 16c5a382-f1a3-45dc-ad8d-4856bf536f1d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.756379Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.116474Z digest=sha256:206c2143b490c930f93e687139c21c092bb14e787c8a6fe246e14c4cf5018f32

Observation 2c0c461c-0c17-4dae-be2a-c48680815b23 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.748303Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.119486Z digest=sha256:78a8a7daeae54141fa37a68e82bfc0e510be4a2acc82b7b14bafbe4dea2c3931

Observation 15227106-6475-4385-8827-e638e6ab049a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.740194Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.122323Z digest=sha256:3c868458fe0bae482da000d5df2337c404507386dcfa16a86f27a6fffe4cfbb1

Observation e70f701b-806c-4e53-b91c-23d4b8c55251 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.732207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.125285Z digest=sha256:d90d6326c0fbc4611b8a2966dc2bae5afe7adc6def8c9e31dc5fe9541b250211

Observation 5cba50a2-f247-44d0-a636-9bd4ccfd3898 · outbound

This paper cites Oxford University Press (2011).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Oxford University Press (2011)

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.724009Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.128205Z digest=sha256:521f89aceabbcf4526f2f56325369350428551aad5941b6d9d3ab25cb0a16f39

Observation 4ad53c00-9a78-424b-ba57-1b8562f6505e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.715961Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.131066Z digest=sha256:c7b32b042e9f79a38ab7fdc236810a5daa187c9ac8e387e50a885d700664694e

Observation 6ddfbed4-1fb5-4231-a23c-e1cf0a213252 · outbound

This paper cites June6, 2019 (2019), https: //www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P060619.pdf.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization June6, 2019 (2019), https: //www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P060619.pdf

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.707940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.134627Z digest=sha256:c4ca679d67d5f50880dafc140f945dce8f69ca0d2c378e602ddc862b7ceac8e7

Observation a6d877d4-df13-46ba-b43a-a24bf39c266e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.352377Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.137517Z digest=sha256:e40d1ef9271722f7bd9f894e3f11351e30c21dc989b07f6b42c99e8d1a378c65

Observation 32aaacc0-d0b5-4cdf-95ce-a3590fffd7e2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.699457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.140752Z digest=sha256:443e54383140b5d76e51c531b1a0e9f411dd84b0b89c5254127e24612b79b589

Observation cce30c9f-06e8-4151-8462-2066145b3e7c · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the 26th symposium on operating systems principles.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: Proceedings of the 26th symposium on operating systems principles

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.691095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.144410Z digest=sha256:ca7086f59e779fdd977b10c9dc4c298b8a16599557886cef0cda56e3467a4b54

Observation d85c8d02-0700-49e4-9178-55df3f30e0cd · outbound

This paper cites The economic journal31(121), 124–125 (1921).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization The economic journal31(121), 124–125 (1921)

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.682540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.147797Z digest=sha256:b63a6be259785a1c40d888a6a2a79215fac8dcf29d42464535f308a9f4ebe992

Observation 173e057c-dff5-4451-b237-c4f23c321c6a · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Access8, 178372– 178390 (2020).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization IEEE Access8, 178372– 178390 (2020)

Reference 24

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.673854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.150939Z digest=sha256:77d2a8ec75b9dc431a9a5be886e6762a6207452cba0610516aec7b5b49f55bc0

Observation 9ffab7d3-2283-4a2d-907a-5a151c5b7271 · outbound

This paper cites Ethereum Proof-of-Stake Consensus Layer: Participation and Decentralization.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Ethereum Proof-of-Stake Consensus Layer: Participation and Decentralization

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.153857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.153857Z digest=sha256:7e50e0b98d07d52aef3fb23b7bf8716fec64ec9f32dc59a420ff10ad9470bd38

Observation cd3207b3-1f1b-4609-8ad4-d797f7f13b93 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
verified exact
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.312547Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.156937Z digest=sha256:a4705f65228c7a0071bc42daaeed5b93f5d090813846268a5c9953048cdad9ec

Observation 595204ce-8220-4d19-aba2-b18e3cb2d9d6 · outbound

This paper cites Blockchain: Research and Applications4(1), 100109 (2023).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Blockchain: Research and Applications4(1), 100109 (2023)

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.665669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.160904Z digest=sha256:00b76ad008e1c5b2f84d5667f1ea0b21d412b0d1fa2e04a57354816ebb164eb0

Observation 47037dfb-7ed6-43b4-a3fe-cbf831feb3dd · outbound

This paper cites https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th- congress/house-bill/4763 (2024).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th- congress/house-bill/4763 (2024)

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.656556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.163918Z digest=sha256:70bacdec2f6617a4a9e373507fe624f8d5a33f619af1db7c34950291979ef0d0

Observation 423dc62b-388b-4a02-9681-1b9529bfdb1f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.648075Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.166772Z digest=sha256:065923f1bb10afe6817c49d540a743589124a19d9aae2611714678a9ab2a8412

Observation 4c1cf5d6-0525-46bc-8995-aa2c499bc1d2 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: 2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)

Reference 30

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.170174Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.170174Z digest=sha256:fac90b7c6dc5268854bdca1502c03741309224ac9acf44b34cb366b8af4d9b9f

Observation a84c87b7-26f4-4973-8b77-d7309d308c78 · outbound

This paper cites In: Tong, H., Li, Z.J., Zhu, F., Yu, J.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: Tong, H., Li, Z.J., Zhu, F., Yu, J

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.173009Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.173009Z digest=sha256:7a5441e797e73b41ff76a8fd331b9c947bc2c3a19b0f95443ad27dfe036debf2

Observation 740d5d04-ce61-487d-a068-0c9919a75929 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.639238Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.175829Z digest=sha256:71dffe9d2ef4413b5ac217badc5ab6279054abe6effa68f40f9723e27b283cc7

Observation 419bbc50-b8e4-48b5-9e4e-66ef48a7a496 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.630809Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.179040Z digest=sha256:a501ec549ac71bfe260a492d3031c5b944d1ad2a1ce4171cbb642c74c821d44b

Observation c1d861ac-458b-417e-8b30-2ebff82e830b · outbound

This paper cites Commodities 2(2), 96–110 (2023).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Commodities 2(2), 96–110 (2023)

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.622668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.181946Z digest=sha256:ce0a9a33c76b4c83d0b8c9e926cf53e8d5806d3a1e18e27c333bf80ef686abd0

Observation 2680071d-d72e-4cb5-8f24-7451b5c4ce2f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.614435Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.184771Z digest=sha256:6332b22be76cdaa54973d3f7d46e0902295f8dbe75be00787c38b901a8f5e9e9

Observation 886c38ce-fab1-453f-83b0-ab35024a47fb · outbound

This paper cites PloS one9(2), e86197 (2014).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization PloS one9(2), e86197 (2014)

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.606120Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.188164Z digest=sha256:5569e1cf1bdda7acdcb266cf3de24ea812ee68c22ffd3defb2d58ebd14f22e79

Observation 2845c1da-625b-44e7-81cb-11865f418ef7 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Omni- layer Intelligent Systems (COINS).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Omni- layer Intelligent Systems (COINS)

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.597942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.191891Z digest=sha256:b1618a603bdf2a8f42529fd3ad858c8e773bd39149bb07a2478a660848095101

Observation 2f8cf96f-134e-475f-936c-03a80f584405 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.589239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.194685Z digest=sha256:0007bde7ab2097b2d357995df053b9a7e9e196495dc0bad73c2ca7e20815ddb7

Observation ecf2f81f-a81d-4c6d-9859-0e3bd81165d5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.581053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.197545Z digest=sha256:a20f5e1859d9e9e4d44a2ae0942ba94b1aa0b818b7b4fd84dfb2b957b5e628f3

Observation 0aee4cb6-b8bf-4460-a30e-f0da601e3c3c · outbound

This paper cites Future generation computer systems107, 841–853 (2020).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Future generation computer systems107, 841–853 (2020)

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.572835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.200389Z digest=sha256:862b259bd8b8852ee2ec012bc433b2c36ea16a3ed25f8c95fb3bf3b41c6983d6

Observation bae892b1-3f11-4123-8e3e-2fe2de7e1c8a · outbound

This paper cites , B.M.:.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization , B.M.:

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.564334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.203860Z digest=sha256:3c4fe5cc8fad76b6fe02b3a87ea4b02861069d86e204a36f8012ea633f45e2a3

Observation b69432db-8f4e-4586-9de3-f8653e5dc24f · outbound

This paper cites In: 2021 IEEE 37th Interna- 25 tional Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (ICDEW).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: 2021 IEEE 37th Interna- 25 tional Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (ICDEW)

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.556000Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.206649Z digest=sha256:62f4be82559f0c098f6bbbc2369df8486c6875b968e2f7de096451c393c3406c

Observation 11ffe5ed-d12c-4206-8a51-294e2f01efdc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.547526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.209458Z digest=sha256:42dad76aa4461d1f65c9499240d05e2befd4b7b0c21d3b91062aac33da0cc14c

Observation 08fb5e93-ee85-4ced-8a67-7bec06d2da42 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.539363Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.212515Z digest=sha256:3f8255723e9e9f8f5e247a3fa5a492104ffb2aa3e742404d3dcd6a6a8cdf7628

Observation 1b57365e-286b-4b1d-a562-705df6ee2ead · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.215428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.215428Z digest=sha256:047f6973d67cb42df3e24a7b8d5e1e43a4d1067e24fb314d50decc9a06be7574

Observation 6bc2cb10-9a69-4edd-af70-1458aa8d050f · outbound

This paper cites In: Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: Companion Proceedings of the ACM on Web Conference 2024

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.531145Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.218510Z digest=sha256:d94bc1600eefd76c7ab94bbf5bc4b049a9d147ce4a7116defae0bf1862abf1b5

Observation 2a35f6e4-6a03-47b8-bd2d-91325f129a42 · outbound

This paper cites European Journal of Information Systems (07 2022).https: //doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2022.2125840.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization European Journal of Information Systems (07 2022).https: //doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2022.2125840

Reference 47

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id_nonexistent, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:04.188609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.221460Z digest=sha256:2e9ed84e49f9ec7d62acc71fa330210d4c3bab7d2e48eeceab30842301fb691a

Observation 5190fe25-e9ac-4025-8721-f1d049e7639c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.522850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.224338Z digest=sha256:4df42cf3fc2af51ef9b2fb848cba213cbadb357f90b852a907df0535ecde53cd

Observation 7df39f34-998d-46a7-90ea-5bc6d71cf31d · outbound

This paper cites In: Financial Cryptography and Data Security 2024: Twenty- Eighth International Conference.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: Financial Cryptography and Data Security 2024: Twenty- Eighth International Conference

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.514653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.227129Z digest=sha256:25df2d3bbf8c7bc2c9ae71023e4229165bd57c8c40ea1be1997ddd8c84b4e2a7

Observation c28cf2f9-ae4a-454d-9083-893c55b5a806 · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on AI in Finance.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on AI in Finance

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.505592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.230371Z digest=sha256:577509c3895b1c610deff1975ae1d132e3040786b62e538220f4d0d496aa21b5

Observation afe0d1fe-fc28-483c-b76e-fe19373e2d29 · outbound

This paper cites Royal Society open science6(1), 180817 (2019).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Royal Society open science6(1), 180817 (2019)

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.496962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.233179Z digest=sha256:ec87158932f4ac84a03b1bb450e1f66df4134e8adc06b9257393fa62a5a92b19

Observation b025d7dc-5e6d-4e41-bc71-707a80e90205 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
malformed identifier
doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.337312Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.236268Z digest=sha256:43e2b433fc31f40329bf9a802a4c716e254b1b263507901fbd8e6eca953ef9d5

Observation 616dcc07-e830-4f8d-9dbb-80ed24b9c01c · outbound

This paper cites A Deep Dive into Bitcoin Mining Pools: An Empirical Analysis of Mining Shares.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization A Deep Dive into Bitcoin Mining Pools: An Empirical Analysis of Mining Shares

Reference 53

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.384364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.240160Z digest=sha256:36f909b59c6fde2db8dcc04bb985b2efd565e15a66b663764e8922e019057b54

Observation 4041536b-a29a-4b3b-9fb7-ac13554df474 · outbound

This paper cites In: Sadeghi, A.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: Sadeghi, A

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.243348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.243348Z digest=sha256:b66c07759d1d4366f91e3b44804d6c8d43468d930ae14a4cbfdbd7af612f5b9e

Observation b150aa84-6dca-4a6f-813c-92cb6c6ed0eb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.487611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.246251Z digest=sha256:e534c48750513c95cb5a64e72a8250dcae7458b52cc6c5296f4bdc8d249a44a7

Observation 7a5d0cad-3050-4a1a-8853-2a48e7bdc140 · outbound

This paper cites Frontiers in blockchain4, 730122 (2021).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Frontiers in blockchain4, 730122 (2021)

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.479220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.249325Z digest=sha256:bc0f7b580a5ca22f45eaf0226e4dffd4b210d2c7df94bc788e862269ff30c344

Observation 042ac2bf-7ae0-4d50-bb58-7a6e08508bfd · outbound

This paper cites Studies in comparative international development38, 32–56 (2003) 26.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Studies in comparative international development38, 32–56 (2003) 26

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.469764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.252177Z digest=sha256:246da1d4e8721c89f256e3dd3bafa8f4a5cef7a16960aa9317fcb0ccb22e9e92

Observation 0b9c4a05-a5e2-4839-9ee7-ad91fceb5cc0 · outbound

This paper cites investment contract.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization investment contract

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.460546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.254814Z digest=sha256:77024df5eea0b1a29e9f042773096d8162680bfc938c23ca3af41a05f458682f

Observation fc9b8fbf-0e4a-484c-ab4d-a7c383cd5668 · outbound

This paper cites The Bell system tech- nical journal 27(3), 379–423 (1948).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization The Bell system tech- nical journal 27(3), 379–423 (1948)

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.450976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.257982Z digest=sha256:93ec12b9e38bb667e46cc7f22c18ac39694e1f9e62001660ee3ea1227f62cd49

Observation 4452c509-cf52-42f1-86dc-d8fdaefa3518 · outbound

This paper cites 2029–2031.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization 2029–2031

Reference 60

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.321807Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.261166Z digest=sha256:55107f14959cfc541a120c948ee5e55ed5ea42f7adcfceb1055e3ec435748f20

Observation 13002d67-0fed-41bc-819e-17ca52bec37d · outbound

This paper cites American Journal of Ap- plied Mathematics and Statistics9, 4–11 (01 2021).https://doi.org/10.12691/ ajams-9-1-2.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization American Journal of Ap- plied Mathematics and Statistics9, 4–11 (01 2021).https://doi.org/10.12691/ ajams-9-1-2

Reference 61

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.440905Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.264218Z digest=sha256:98206b0a7c51d1d6739ff7396440333b051ba6dcd98c56281f3679021c2ee4ba

Observation d9444803-ce07-44ac-b032-103fa137f9ec · outbound

This paper cites earn.com/quantifying-decentralization-e39db233c28e.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization earn.com/quantifying-decentralization-e39db233c28e

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.431254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.267514Z digest=sha256:10ab24e17884a080a085106fe0de479bba9296293599c5a4cdbcbbb3b06715ce

Observation 8dc7d839-4f58-4886-9208-187450e04ab2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Unresolved cited work

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.420988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.270410Z digest=sha256:ecae010c9a521a99978a56ba81deb9b7d250c8075833827127b9dbce7f29042b

Observation c875895e-11b2-433c-ab75-3177a39b375a · outbound

This paper cites IT Professional21(2), 33–40 (2019).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization IT Professional21(2), 33–40 (2019)

Reference 64

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.411233Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.274147Z digest=sha256:41f0eaf7441c6f9afa2f2cc60cdf342dac43ce6bd379664b0348a6a0aa99aa9c

Observation e1c933a8-9f1a-454a-843d-17a5bd87f054 · outbound

This paper cites In: Financial Cryptogra- phy and Data Security: 24th International Conference, FC 2020, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, February 10–14, 2020 Revised Selected Papers 24.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: Financial Cryptogra- phy and Data Security: 24th International Conference, FC 2020, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, February 10–14, 2020 Revised Selected Papers 24

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.401204Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.277092Z digest=sha256:24cf298c2f3a7287c7942904048366a2c542c06ac036248afb4c86de02543496

Observation 83ff9cb6-a0d8-4160-9be7-0a4a64eec5cb · outbound

This paper cites In: 2020 6th International Conference on Big Data Computing and Communications (BIGCOM).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: 2020 6th International Conference on Big Data Computing and Communications (BIGCOM)

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.390594Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.280004Z digest=sha256:e62e25ca16137235b35e6cb2af586099bd1f7ff03f754e7017c92ae73a84f61c

Observation d23e1bd1-08d9-4ba5-bb2f-8dbe1ce54f14 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2019 IEEE 9th Inter- national Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication (ICEIEC).

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: 2019 IEEE 9th Inter- national Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication (ICEIEC)

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.381091Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.283017Z digest=sha256:55af8aeb06696adadf92b1ba95eddef65deb1339cf203656c8f6c95afa3a1ce0

Observation ea35bbc1-0054-4896-bb07-74dc743a1e27 · outbound

This paper cites Analyzing Reward Dynamics and Decentralization in Ethereum 2.0: An Advanced Data Engineering Workflow and Comprehensive Datasets for Proof-of-Stake Incentives.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization Analyzing Reward Dynamics and Decentralization in Ethereum 2.0: An Advanced Data Engineering Workflow and Comprehensive Datasets for Proof-of-Stake Incentives

Reference 68

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T00:08:58.285989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.285989Z digest=sha256:6383f2dabd3fbb66fc6a330be7a7171f08133c93f1cef05c89e2f54d9e04e514

Observation fec44fd7-a5a4-43fd-a38a-90f67cccdde2 · outbound

This paper cites In: IEEE INFOCOM 2021-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization In: IEEE INFOCOM 2021-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications

Reference 69

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.371323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.289410Z digest=sha256:ef5e6f327cabb1c2a20eee866510b260513d5010b7e2de33f81e2475da04faae

Observation 1dcf730c-fe6b-493a-970a-95784ca3c195 · outbound

This paper cites tag” of a mining pool). For tokenomics, we collect data about each address that holds a non-zero amount of the system’s native token and its cor- responding “balance.

SoK: Measuring Blockchain Decentralization tag” of a mining pool). For tokenomics, we collect data about each address that holds a non-zero amount of the system’s native token and its cor- responding “balance

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T00:09:49.362339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T00:08:58.292513Z digest=sha256:e0e39377baa3c568855ad99b428b211574a6352f3fd3a58ccb2946c8abd9b6c1

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.