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Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS): Architecture Designs, Opportunities, and Outlook

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arxiv 2501.18409 v3 pith:2BX547OT submitted 2025-01-30 eess.SP

classification eess.SP
keywords passsystemswirelessflexible-antennaarticledesignsdielectriclimitations
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Flexible-antenna systems have recently attracted significant research attention due to their potential to intelligently reconfigure wireless channels. However, the current flexible-antenna systems still suffer from fundamental limitations, such as free-space path loss and line-of-sight blockage. This article introduces a novel flexible-antenna system, termed the Pinching-Antenna SyStem (PASS). PASS adopts the dielectric waveguides as the primary transmission medium and radiates signals into free space by flexibly pinching discrete dielectric particles, referred to as pinching antennas, along the waveguide. By combining the strengths of both wireless and wired communication, PASS effectively mitigates inherent wireless limitations while offering high antenna reconfigurability. This article reviews the key features of PASS in comparison with conventional wireless systems, analyzes its main advantages, and discusses potential designs, transmission architectures, and application scenarios. Finally, it outlines promising research directions and open challenges associated with PASS.

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Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Spectral and Energy Efficiency Tradeoff for Pinching-Antenna Systems

    eess.SP 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Develops two-stage optimization for single-user and alternating optimization for multi-user pinching-antenna systems, proving position independence from beamforming and algorithm convergence while showing SE-EE gains ...

  2. Joint Antenna Positioning and Beamforming for Movable Antenna Array Aided Ground Station in Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Communication

    eess.SP 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Moving a LEO ground station's antenna positions once at startup and optimizing beamforming weights over time yields higher average rates than fixed dense or sparse arrays in interference-heavy scenarios.

  3. Joint Transmit and Pinching Beamforming Optimization in Pinching Antenna-Assisted Symbiotic Radio Systems

    eess.SP 2025-08 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    Jointly optimizing transmit beamforming and pinching-antenna positions in a backscatter-assisted symbiotic radio system is claimed to raise achievable sum rate by 17-35% over fixed-antenna baselines.

  4. Pinching Antenna System (PASS) Enhanced Covert Communications: Against Warden via Sensing

    eess.SP 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Sensing-aided covert communication with pinching-antenna systems: an extended Kalman filter tracks a mobile warden via near-field echoes, and beamforming, artificial noise, and antenna placement are jointly optimized ...

  5. EGS-SLAM: RGB-D Gaussian Splatting SLAM with Events

    cs.RO 2025-08 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    EGS-SLAM claims to fuse events with RGB-D in Gaussian Splatting SLAM to beat blur, but the supplied full text is an unrelated paper, so the claim is unverifiable.

  6. Sum-Rate Maximization for Movable-Antenna Array Enhanced Downlink NOMA Systems

    eess.SP 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Proposes a two-stage algorithm that jointly optimizes beamforming, movable-antenna positions, SIC order, and a decoding indicator matrix to maximize sum rate in a downlink NOMA system, with simulations showing gains o...

  7. Robust Resource Allocation for Pinching-Antenna Systems under Imperfect CSI

    cs.IT 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A robust resource allocation with outage constraints for pinching-antenna downlinks under user-location uncertainty, solved by geometric area analysis and PSO.

  8. Rate Maximization for Multi-Waveguide PASS: A Hierarchical User Scheduling and Joint Optimization Framework

    cs.IT 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    A hierarchical user scheduling and joint optimization framework is developed for sum rate maximization in multi-waveguide PASS, with numerical results showing gains over random pairing and maximum ratio transmission.

  9. Physical Layer Security Performance of Pinching-Antenna Systems With In-Waveguide Attenuation

    eess.SP 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Pinching-antenna systems with in-waveguide attenuation achieve superior secrecy outage probability and ergodic secrecy capacity compared to conventional fixed-antenna systems.

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