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LLM Bandit: Cost-Efficient LLM Generation via Preference-Conditioned Dynamic Routing

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arxiv 2502.02743 v1 pith:NWMUA2EN submitted 2025-02-04 cs.LG

classification cs.LG
keywords dynamicmodelsqueriesroutingselectionaccuracybanditcost
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The rapid advancement in large language models (LLMs) has brought forth a diverse range of models with varying capabilities that excel in different tasks and domains. However, selecting the optimal LLM for user queries often involves a challenging trade-off between accuracy and cost, a problem exacerbated by the diverse demands of individual queries. In this work, we present a novel framework that formulates the LLM selection process as a multi-armed bandit problem, enabling dynamic and intelligent routing of queries to the most appropriate model. Our approach incorporates a preference-conditioned dynamic routing mechanism, allowing users to specify their preferences at inference time, thereby offering a customizable balance between performance and cost. Additionally, our selection policy is designed to generalize to unseen LLMs, ensuring adaptability to new models as they emerge. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves significant improvements in both accuracy and cost-effectiveness across various LLM platforms, showcasing the potential of our framework to adaptively optimize LLM selection in real-world scenarios.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. POLAR: Online Learning for LoRA Adapter Caching and Routing in Edge LLM Serving

    cs.LG 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    POLAR formulates joint LoRA adapter caching and routing as a two-timescale contextual bandit, achieving sublinear regret bounds and outperforming non-adaptive baselines in experiments with real adapters.

  2. KRONE: Scalable LLM-Augmented Log Anomaly Detection via Hierarchical Abstraction

    cs.DB 2026-02 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    KRONE derives semantic execution hierarchies from flat logs to enable modular multi-level anomaly detection with hybrid local and nested-aware detectors plus limited LLM use, delivering 10% F1 gains and over 100x data...

  3. Rethinking Predictive Modeling for LLM Routing: When Simple kNN Beats Complex Learned Routers

    cs.LG 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A well-tuned kNN router matches or exceeds state-of-the-art learned routers on new standardized benchmarks spanning instruction, QA, reasoning, and the first multi-modal visual routing dataset, due to locality of mode...

  4. SCATE: Learning to Supervise Coding Agents for Cost-Effective Test Generation

    cs.SE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    A contextual-bandit supervisor learns to route coding agents among default generation, analysis-augmented generation, and stop, yielding large coverage gains over unsupervised agents and non-agentic LLM test generators.

  5. PyroDash: Cost-Efficient Token-Level Small-Large Language Model Collaborative Inference

    cs.CL 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    PyroDash lets a small model decide mid-generation to hand off once to a frozen LLM, achieving 64.04% accuracy (+6.36 points vs LLM) at lambda=0.05 and 96.4% lower estimated cost at lambda=0.6.

  6. Replacing Parameters with Preferences: Federated Alignment of Heterogeneous Vision-Language Models

    cs.AI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    MoR lets clients train local reward models on private preferences and uses a learned Mixture-of-Rewards with GRPO on the server to align a shared base VLM without exchanging parameters, architectures, or raw data.

  7. Harnessing Multiple Large Language Models: A Survey on LLM Ensemble

    cs.CL 2025-02 unverdicted novelty 2.0 of 10

    A systematic survey of LLM ensemble methods organized into a taxonomy of ensemble-before-inference, ensemble-during-inference, and ensemble-after-inference stages, with review of benchmarks, applications, and future d...

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