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Reionization and its sources
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abstract
Reionization represents an important phase in the history of our Universe when ultraviolet radiation from the first luminous sources, primarily stars and accreting black holes, ionized the neutral hydrogen atoms in the intergalactic medium (IGM). This process follows the ``Dark Ages'', a period with no luminous sources, and is initiated by the formation of the first sources, marking the ``Cosmic Dawn''. Reionization proceeds through multiple stages: initially, ionized bubbles form around galaxies, then expand and overlap across the IGM, culminating in a fully ionized state, with neutral hydrogen remaining only in dense regions. Understanding reionization involves a diverse range of physical concepts, from large-scale structure formation and star formation to radiation propagation through the IGM. Observationally, reionization can be explored using the cosmic microwave background (CMB), Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption, high-redshift galaxy surveys, and emerging 21~cm experiments, which together offer invaluable insights into this transformative epoch.
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Cited by 1 Pith paper
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Stacked Hybrid RNN-CNN Reconstruction of X-ray Influence on 21-cm Brightness Temperature
A stacked LSTM-GRU-CNN emulator reportedly reconstructs the global 21-cm brightness temperature with 99.93% accuracy, but a residual feature derived from the target values makes the reported accuracy invalid.
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