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SCORE: Systematic COnsistency and Robustness Evaluation for Large Language Models

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arxiv 2503.00137 v1 pith:6EDBOHMW submitted 2025-02-28 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords robustnessmathbfmodelsaccuracydatasetframeworklanguagemodel
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

Typical evaluations of Large Language Models (LLMs) report a single metric per dataset, often representing the model's best-case performance under carefully selected settings. Unfortunately, this approach overlooks model robustness and reliability in real-world applications. For instance, simple paraphrasing of prompts on the MMLU-Pro dataset causes accuracy fluctuations of up to 10\%, while reordering answer choices in the AGIEval dataset results in accuracy differences of up to 6.1\%. While some studies discuss issues with LLM robustness, there is no unified or centralized framework for evaluating the robustness of language models. To address this gap and consolidate existing research on model robustness, we present SCORE ($\mathbf{S}$ystematic $\mathbf{CO}$nsistency and $\mathbf{R}$obustness $\mathbf{E}$valuation), a comprehensive framework for non-adversarial evaluation of LLMs. The SCORE framework evaluates models by repeatedly testing them on the same benchmarks in various setups to give a realistic estimate of their accuracy and consistency. We release the code publicly and start an LLM robustness leaderboard to facilitate further development and research.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Measuring and Improving Behavioral Consistency in Large Language Models through Fact-Heuristic-Emotion State Enforcement

    cs.CL 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A prompt that forces LLMs to separate facts, inferences, and emotions reduces repeated-answer variability (+0.016 to +0.021 SI on a ~0.95 baseline) and, under injected state persistence, cuts decision-flip rate by 82%...

  2. Same Question, Different Answers: Evaluating LLM Reliability Beyond Accuracy

    cs.AI 2026-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Models flip between correct and incorrect answers on over 23% of questions under meaning-preserving paraphrases, so single-prompt accuracy overstates reliable knowledge.

  3. The Non-Determinism of Small LLMs: Evidence of Low Answer Consistency in Repetition Trials of Standard Multiple-Choice Benchmarks

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Small open-source LLMs give inconsistent answers on 20% to 50% of multiple-choice questions even at low temperature, while 50B-80B models are consistent on over 90% of questions.

  4. Entropy-Constrained Strategy Optimization in Urban Floods: A Multi-Agent Framework with LLM and Knowledge Graph Integration

    cs.AI 2025-08 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    H-J, a hierarchical LLM multi-agent framework with knowledge retrieval, entropy constraints, and closed-loop feedback, outperforms rule-based and PPO baselines in simulated urban flood dispatch across three rainfall s...

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