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Effects of intrinsic AGN variability on optical QPOs related to sub-pc binary black hole systems in broad line AGN
Astrophysics of Galaxies · Submitted 13 Mar 2025
abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
The authors' main claim Moreover, different collected model parameters have few effects on the distributions of $T_p/T_o$, indicating the effects of intrinsic AGN variability on optical QPOs are significantly strong and stable.
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The abstract, sentence by sentence
In this manuscript, an oversimplified model is proposed to test the effects of intrinsic AGN variability on expected optical quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) related to sub-pc binary black hole systems (BBHs) in broad line AGN. The commonly accepted CAR (Continuous AutoRegressive) process is applied to describe intrinsic AGN variability related to each BH accreting system in a sub-pc BBH system. Considering obscurations related to orbital rotations with periodicity $T_p$, artificial light curves including signals for optical QPOs can be built. Then, comparing the intrinsic periodicities $T_p$ with the measured robust periodicities $T_o$ through the artificial light curves, distributions of $T_p/T_o$ have four significant peaks around 1, 2, 3 and 4, leading less than half of the artificial light curves to have consistency between $T_o$ and $T_p$. Moreover, different collected model parameters have few effects on the distributions of $T_p/T_o$, indicating the effects of intrinsic AGN variability on optical QPOs are significantly strong and stable. Furthermore, after checking properties of optical QPOs in the light curves with different time steps, there are tiny effects of time steps on optical QPOs.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | In this manuscript, an oversimplified model is proposed to test the effects of intrinsic AGN variability on expected optical quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) related to sub-pc binary black hole systems (BBHs) in broad line AGN. | contribution 0.98 | 0.86 | 0.06 | asserted 0.86 |
| s1 | The commonly accepted CAR (Continuous AutoRegressive) process is applied to describe intrinsic AGN variability related to each BH accreting system in a sub-pc BBH system. | method 0.99 | 0.71 | 0.02 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | Considering obscurations related to orbital rotations with periodicity $T_p$, artificial light curves including signals for optical QPOs can be built. | method 0.99 | 0.71 | 0.03 | asserted 0.71 |
| s3 | Then, comparing the intrinsic periodicities $T_p$ with the measured robust periodicities $T_o$ through the artificial light curves, distributions of $T_p/T_o$ have four significant peaks around 1, 2, 3 and 4, leading less than half of the artificial light curves to have consistency between $T_o$ and $T_p$. | result 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.51 | asserted 1.00 |
| s4 | Moreover, different collected model parameters have few effects on the distributions of $T_p/T_o$, indicating the effects of intrinsic AGN variability on optical QPOs are significantly strong and stable. | result 0.60 | 0.91 | 0.51 | asserted 0.67 |
| s5 | Furthermore, after checking properties of optical QPOs in the light curves with different time steps, there are tiny effects of time steps on optical QPOs. | result 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.05 | asserted 0.99 |
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The paper
Original abstract
In this manuscript, an oversimplified model is proposed to test the effects of intrinsic AGN variability on expected optical quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) related to sub-pc binary black hole systems (BBHs) in broad line AGN. The commonly accepted CAR (Continuous AutoRegressive) process is applied to describe intrinsic AGN variability related to each BH accreting system in a sub-pc BBH system. Considering obscurations related to orbital rotations with periodicity $T_p$, artificial light curves including signals for optical QPOs can be built. Then, comparing the intrinsic periodicities $T_p$ with the measured robust periodicities $T_o$ through the artificial light curves, distributions of $T_p/T_o$ have four significant peaks around 1, 2, 3 and 4, leading less than half of the artificial light curves to have consistency between $T_o$ and $T_p$. Moreover, different collected model parameters have few effects on the distributions of $T_p/T_o$, indicating the effects of intrinsic AGN variability on optical QPOs are significantly strong and stable. Furthermore, after checking properties of optical QPOs in the light curves with different time steps, there are tiny effects of time steps on optical QPOs.
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References
How the literature uses it
1 arXiv paper cite this in 1 sentence
Papers citing it
Uses its method or tool 1 paper
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Similar to what we have recently done in [ref] , it is necessary to check the effects of red noise traced by intrinsic AGN activities on the detected optical QPOs in , accepted artificial light curves $LMC_t$ (red noises, intrinsic AGN variability) being simulated by the Continuous Autoregressive (CAR) process [ref] : [equation] where $ϵ(t)$ is a white noise process with zero mean and variance equal to 1, $bdt=17.19$ is the mean value of $LMC_t$ (with 17.19 as the mean value of the ZTF g-band light curve of ), $τ$ is the relaxation time of the process, and $σ$ is the variability of the time series on a timescale shorter than $τ$.
Optical QPOs with dual periodicities 1103days and 243days in the blue quasar SDSS J100438.8+151056 · Optical QPOs were related to intrinsic AGN variability of ? · 0.97
What it cites · 7 sentences without a confident label
Uses the method or tool of 2 papers
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Meanwhile, in order to test robustness of the detected periodicity by the GLS method, the known WWZ (Weighted wavelet z-transform) technique [ref] has been applied to re-determine the periodicity in each artificial light curve, similar as what we have recently done in [ref] .
A sub-pc BBH system in SDSS J1609+1756 through optical QPOs in ZTF light curves · Model and main hypotheses · 1.00
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Meanwhile, in order to test robustness of the detected periodicity by the GLS method, the known WWZ (Weighted wavelet z-transform) technique [ref] has been applied to re-determine the periodicity in each artificial light curve, similar as what we have recently done in [ref] .
Optical QPOs with 550 day periodicity in the reverberation mapped broad line quasar PG 1411+442 · Model and main hypotheses · 1.00
Uses data or values from 1 paper
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Here, the time information is collected from the ZTF g-band light curve of PG 1411+442 of which optical QPOs have been discussed in our more recent paper [ref] , a known reverberation mapped broad line AGN in [ref] .
Optical QPOs with 550 day periodicity in the reverberation mapped broad line quasar PG 1411+442 · Model and main hypotheses · 0.84
Compares with 1 paper
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Accepted the simple criterion that there is significant peak within the range from 100days to 1000days in the GLS power above the $5σ$ confidence level through white noise simulations, QPOs with GLS method determined periodicities $T_GLS, fake$ can be detected in 293 of the 100000 artificial light curves, leading to the probability[The probability is about 6 times larger than the probability $4.8×10^-4$ in [ref] .
Optical QPOs with 550 day periodicity in the reverberation mapped broad line quasar PG 1411+442 · Model and main hypotheses · 0.84
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