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A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent

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arxiv 2504.10147 v1 pith:TV7XHDKC submitted 2025-04-14 cs.IR

A Survey of Personalization: From RAG to Agent

classification cs.IR
keywords personalizationgenerationpersonalizeduseragent-basedenhancerecentresearch
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Personalization has become an essential capability in modern AI systems, enabling customized interactions that align with individual user preferences, contexts, and goals. Recent research has increasingly concentrated on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) frameworks and their evolution into more advanced agent-based architectures within personalized settings to enhance user satisfaction. Building on this foundation, this survey systematically examines personalization across the three core stages of RAG: pre-retrieval, retrieval, and generation. Beyond RAG, we further extend its capabilities into the realm of Personalized LLM-based Agents, which enhance traditional RAG systems with agentic functionalities, including user understanding, personalized planning and execution, and dynamic generation. For both personalization in RAG and agent-based personalization, we provide formal definitions, conduct a comprehensive review of recent literature, and summarize key datasets and evaluation metrics. Additionally, we discuss fundamental challenges, limitations, and promising research directions in this evolving field. Relevant papers and resources are continuously updated at https://github.com/Applied-Machine-Learning-Lab/Awesome-Personalized-RAG-Agent.

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Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    cs.CL 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

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  2. PERMA: Benchmarking Personalized Memory Agents via Event-Driven Preference and Realistic Task Environments

    cs.AI 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    PERMA is a new benchmark using temporally ordered events, text variability, and linguistic alignment to evaluate LLM memory agents on persona consistency beyond simple retrieval.

  3. Beyond Retrieval: Analytic Memory for Multimodal Agents

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    ADAMM induces queryable analytic tables from multimodal interaction histories and combines them with semantic retrieval, improving benchmark accuracy by up to 11.3 points over memory baselines.

  4. Leveraging AI for Direct Bystander Intervention Against Cyberbullying

    cs.HC 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    EmojiGen uses emoji selections to generate AI responses that increase direct bystander interventions against cyberbullying and raise defending self-efficacy in a controlled experiment.

  5. ClusterRAG: Cluster-Based Collaborative Filtering for Personalized Retrieval-Augmented Generation

    cs.IR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    ClusterRAG applies density-based clustering to user profiles for collaborative retrieval in personalized RAG and reports best performance on LaMP tasks by combining target and similar-user profiles.

  6. DeepTutor: Towards Agentic Personalized Tutoring

    cs.CY 2026-04 conditional novelty 6.0

    DeepTutor closes the loop between citation-grounded tutoring and difficulty-calibrated practice with hybrid learner memory, improving TutorBench quality by 10.8% and general agentic solving by 29.4%.

  7. MemSlides: A Hierarchical Memory Driven Agent Framework for Personalized Slide Generation with Multi-turn Local Revision

    cs.CL 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    MemSlides introduces a three-part memory hierarchy (user profile, working, tool) with scoped local revision for multi-turn personalized slide generation.

  8. Personalized Deep Research: A User-Centric Framework, Dataset, and Hybrid Evaluation for Knowledge Discovery

    cs.IR 2026-05 conditional novelty 5.0

    PDR is a user-context-aware framework for LLM research agents that improves report relevance over static baselines, supported by a new dataset and hybrid evaluation.

  9. ALDEN: Boosting Private Data Extraction from Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems via Active Learning and Distribution Estimation

    cs.IR 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    ALDEN boosts private data extraction rates from RAG systems by combining active learning for query diversification with dynamic estimation of the underlying knowledge-base topic distribution.

  10. DeepTutor: Towards Agentic Personalized Tutoring

    cs.CY 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    DeepTutor proposes an agent-native framework that uses a hybrid personalization engine and closed tutoring loop to deliver adaptive, citation-grounded tutoring while introducing TutorBench for evaluation.

  11. DeepTutor: Towards Agentic Personalized Tutoring

    cs.CY 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    DeepTutor is an agentic personalized tutoring framework that improves personalized metrics by 10.8% on average and general agentic reasoning by 29.4% across five models via TutorBench and LLM-simulated evaluations.

  12. A Survey of Self-Evolving Agents: What, When, How, and Where to Evolve on the Path to Artificial Super Intelligence

    cs.AI 2025-07 accept novelty 4.0

    The paper delivers the first systematic review of self-evolving agents, structured around what components evolve, when adaptation occurs, and how it is implemented.