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arxiv: 2504.12454 · v1 · submitted 2025-04-16 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el · cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Anomalous Electrical Transport in the Kagome Magnet YbFe₆Ge₆

Weiliang Yao , Supeng Liu , Hodaka Kikuchi , Hajime Ishikawa , {\O}ystein S. Fjellv\r{a}g , David W. Tam , Feng Ye , Douglas L. Abernathy
show 14 more authors
George D. A. Wood Devashibhai Adroja Chun-Ming Wu Chien-Lung Huang Bin Gao Yaofeng Xie Yuxiang Gao Karthik Rao Emilia Morosan Koichi Kindo Takatsugu Masuda Kenichiro Hashimoto Takasada Shibauchi Pengcheng Dai
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Pith reviewed 2026-05-22 19:32 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords anomalous Hall effectkagome magnetcollinear antiferromagnetspin reorientationdynamic spin chiralityneutron scatteringspin excitationsYbFe6Ge6
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The pith

Anomalous Hall effect appears in collinear kagome antiferromagnet

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper investigates electrical transport and magnetic excitations in YbFe6Ge6, a kagome metal with antiferromagnetically ordered Fe layers. Below a spin reorientation transition at 63 K the Fe moments rotate into the plane while remaining collinear, and an anomalous Hall effect emerges. Neutron scattering data indicate that a spin gap closes at this temperature, allowing gapless excitations. The central argument is that these excitations and the Yb-Fe coupling together generate a dynamic scalar spin chirality responsible for the Hall conductivity, showing that such effects are possible in collinear magnets.

Core claim

The central claim is that the anomalous Hall effect observed below the spin reorientation transition in YbFe6Ge6 arises from a dynamic scalar spin chirality supported by gapless spin excitations in the A-type collinear antiferromagnetic state, enabled by the Yb-Fe interactions.

What carries the argument

Dynamic scalar spin chirality supported by gapless spin excitations and Yb-Fe interactions.

Load-bearing premise

The assumption that gapless spin excitations combined with Yb-Fe coupling are sufficient to produce a dynamic scalar spin chirality that fully accounts for the measured anomalous Hall conductivity.

What would settle it

A direct calculation demonstrating that the dynamic chirality cannot generate an anomalous Hall conductivity of the observed size, or the discovery of a similar material where the gap closes without producing an anomalous Hall effect.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2504.12454 by Bin Gao, Chien-Lung Huang, Chun-Ming Wu, David W. Tam, Devashibhai Adroja, Douglas L. Abernathy, Emilia Morosan, Feng Ye, George D. A. Wood, Hajime Ishikawa, Hodaka Kikuchi, Karthik Rao, Kenichiro Hashimoto, Koichi Kindo, {\O}ystein S. Fjellv\r{a}g, Pengcheng Dai, Supeng Liu, Takasada Shibauchi, Takatsugu Masuda, Weiliang Yao, Yaofeng Xie, Yuxiang Gao.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. (a) Crystal structure of YbFe [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. (a) and (b) Neutron diffraction patterns of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. (a) Magnetoresistance at selected temperatures un [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. (a) Low-energy spin excitations at (0, 0, 1) at selected [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. (a) and (b) Excitation spectra along [0, 0, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) kagome metals offer a unique platform for exploring electron correlation phenomena derived from quantum many-body effects. Here, we report a combined study of electrical magnetotransport and neutron scattering on YbFe$_6$Ge$_6$, where the Fe moments in the 2D kagome layers exhibit an $A$-type collinear antiferromagnetic order below $T_{\rm{N}} \approx 500$ K. Interactions between the Fe ions in the layers and the localized Yb magnetic ions in between reorient the $c$-axis aligned Fe moments to the kagome plane below $T_{\rm{SR}} \approx 63$ K. Our magnetotransport measurements show an intriguing anomalous Hall effect (AHE) that emerges in the spin-reorientated collinear state, accompanied by the closing of the spin anisotropy gap as revealed from inelastic neutron scattering. The gapless spin excitations and the Yb-Fe interaction are able to support a dynamic scalar spin chirality, which explains the observed AHE. Therefore, our study demonstrates spin fluctuations may provide an additional scattering channel for the conduction electrons and give rise to AHE even in a collinear antiferromagnet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports a combined magnetotransport and inelastic neutron scattering study of the kagome magnet YbFe6Ge6. The Fe sublattice exhibits A-type collinear antiferromagnetic order below TN ≈ 500 K that reorients into the kagome plane below TSR ≈ 63 K due to Yb-Fe coupling. An anomalous Hall effect appears in the reoriented collinear state and coincides with closure of the spin anisotropy gap. The authors propose that the resulting gapless excitations, together with Yb-Fe interactions, generate a dynamic scalar spin chirality that produces the observed AHE via an additional scattering channel for conduction electrons.

Significance. If the proposed mechanism can be placed on a quantitative footing, the work would demonstrate a route to anomalous Hall conductivity in a collinear antiferromagnet driven by spin fluctuations rather than static Berry curvature, which is of broad interest for kagome and frustrated magnets. The experimental correlation between gap closure and AHE onset is clearly presented, but the explanatory power remains limited without a microscopic link between the INS spectrum and the measured Hall conductivity.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract and Discussion: The central claim that 'the gapless spin excitations and the Yb-Fe interaction are able to support a dynamic scalar spin chirality, which explains the observed AHE' is presented without a quantitative model. No fitted spin Hamiltonian from the INS data, no estimate of the chirality fluctuation amplitude, and no Kubo or scattering-rate calculation that converts the observed spin-wave spectrum into a predicted σ_AHE(T) are provided for comparison with transport measurements. This absence is load-bearing for the proposed mechanism.
  2. [Discussion] The inference of dynamic scalar spin chirality rests on the same transport and neutron data it is invoked to explain, creating a circularity that weakens the explanatory claim. An independent benchmark (e.g., a microscopic calculation or comparison to a related compound with known chirality) is needed to break the loop.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Introduction] The temperatures TN and TSR should be introduced with explicit numerical values and definitions in the first paragraph of the main text for clarity.
  2. [Figures] Figure captions for the Hall resistivity and neutron spectra should explicitly state the field and temperature ranges shown and note any background subtraction procedures.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 1 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading of the manuscript and for acknowledging the experimental correlation between gap closure and the onset of the anomalous Hall effect. We address the two major comments below, providing the strongest honest defense of our qualitative proposal while acknowledging its limitations.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract and Discussion: The central claim that 'the gapless spin excitations and the Yb-Fe interaction are able to support a dynamic scalar spin chirality, which explains the observed AHE' is presented without a quantitative model. No fitted spin Hamiltonian from the INS data, no estimate of the chirality fluctuation amplitude, and no Kubo or scattering-rate calculation that converts the observed spin-wave spectrum into a predicted σ_AHE(T) are provided for comparison with transport measurements. This absence is load-bearing for the proposed mechanism.

    Authors: We agree that a quantitative microscopic calculation would strengthen the proposed mechanism. Deriving a complete spin Hamiltonian from the INS data and computing the resulting dynamic chirality contribution to σ_AHE via the Kubo formula or scattering rates represents a substantial separate theoretical project. The present work is primarily experimental and focuses on establishing the clear correlation between the closing of the anisotropy gap (directly measured by INS) and the appearance of the AHE in the reoriented state, together with the known Yb-Fe coupling that drives the reorientation. This experimental link provides the foundation for the qualitative interpretation; we do not claim a quantitative prediction at this stage. revision: no

  2. Referee: [Discussion] The inference of dynamic scalar spin chirality rests on the same transport and neutron data it is invoked to explain, creating a circularity that weakens the explanatory claim. An independent benchmark (e.g., a microscopic calculation or comparison to a related compound with known chirality) is needed to break the loop.

    Authors: The reasoning is not fully circular. The INS spectra furnish independent spectroscopic evidence for gap closure below TSR that is separate from the transport measurements, while the spin reorientation itself is confirmed by both neutron diffraction and magnetization data. The dynamic scalar spin chirality is then proposed as the natural consequence of gapless fluctuations in the presence of the established Yb-Fe interaction. We acknowledge that an independent microscopic benchmark or comparison to another material would be valuable, but no directly analogous compound with both gapless excitations and reported AHE in a collinear state is available for such a comparison at present. revision: no

standing simulated objections not resolved
  • A fitted spin Hamiltonian from the INS data together with a quantitative Kubo or scattering-rate calculation that predicts the magnitude and temperature dependence of σ_AHE

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged

Dynamic scalar spin chirality invoked to explain AHE reduces to qualitative coincidence of gap closure and transport data without independent calculation

specific steps
  1. other [Abstract and discussion section (inferred from claim structure)]
    "The gapless spin excitations and the Yb-Fe interaction are able to support a dynamic scalar spin chirality, which explains the observed AHE."

    The gapless excitations and Yb-Fe interaction are directly measured in the neutron and magnetotransport data; the dynamic scalar spin chirality is then posited as supported by those same observations and declared to explain the AHE measured in the identical dataset, with no separate quantitative derivation or external benchmark provided to break the inference loop.

full rationale

The paper's central claim asserts that gapless spin excitations plus Yb-Fe coupling support a dynamic scalar spin chirality that produces the observed AHE in the collinear state. This is presented as an explanation supported by the temporal coincidence of spin anisotropy gap closure (from INS) and AHE onset (from transport), but the manuscript supplies no microscopic Hamiltonian, no fitted spin-wave model, and no Kubo or scattering calculation that converts the measured spectrum into a predicted σ_AHE(T). The mechanism is therefore inferred from the same datasets it is invoked to explain, satisfying the criteria for partial circularity under the 'fitted input called prediction' and 'other' patterns.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 1 invented entities

The claim rests on the assumption that gapless spin excitations plus Yb-Fe coupling produce a dynamic scalar spin chirality capable of generating AHE; no free parameters are explicitly fitted in the abstract, but the chirality concept functions as an invented explanatory entity without independent falsifiable prediction shown here.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption A-type collinear antiferromagnetic order of Fe moments below TN and reorientation below TSR due to Yb-Fe interactions.
    Stated as established by prior neutron work and used to frame the transport data.
invented entities (1)
  • dynamic scalar spin chirality no independent evidence
    purpose: To provide a scattering mechanism that produces the anomalous Hall effect from gapless fluctuations in the collinear state.
    Introduced to connect the neutron-observed gap closing to the transport signal; no independent evidence such as a predicted temperature dependence or external probe is given in the abstract.

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