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REVIEW 4 major objections 4 minor 62 references

ErMn$_6$Sn$_6$: A Promising Kagome Antiferromagnetic Candidate for Room-Temperature Nernst Effect-based thermoelectrics

T0 review · 4 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-16 · deepseek-v4-flash

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Pith's one-line read The kagome antiferromagnet ErMn6Sn6 produces a 1.71 µV/K Nernst signal at 300 K, with both Berry-curvature and spin-chirality mechanisms, making it a candidate for room-temperature Nernst thermoelectrics.

desk verdict A clean, useful Nernst-effect study of ErMn6Sn6 with a credible room-temperature ANE of 1.71 µV/K, but the anomalous/topological split rests on a subtraction that needs error bars and an independent spin-structure check before I'd treat the exact numbers as settled. read the letter →

arxiv 2504.15926 v1 pith:HIFJSLEZ submitted 2025-04-22 cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.str-el

Olajumoke Oluwatobiloba Emmanuel , Shuvankar Gupta , Xianglin Ke This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.str-el
keywords kagomemagnetanomalousNernsteffecttopologicalHallErMn6Sn6spinchiralityBerrycurvatureroom-temperaturethermoelectric
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper aims to establish that the kagome magnet ErMn6Sn6 is a viable room-temperature antiferromagnetic material for Nernst-effect thermoelectrics. In its incommensurate antiferromagnetic phase, the compound shows both a topological Nernst effect, driven by spin chirality in a field-induced non-coplanar spiral state, and an anomalous Nernst effect, driven by Berry curvature near the Fermi level. The extracted anomalous Nernst coefficient reaches 1.71 µV/K at 300 K and 3 T, a value the authors argue is comparable to other RMn6Sn6 compounds and larger than most canted antiferromagnets studied before. If these assignments are correct, ErMn6Sn6 offers a transverse thermoelectric response at room temperature without the stray-field problem of ferromagnets.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing machinery is the decomposition of the measured transverse response into three parts, ρH = R0H + RS4πM + ρT and its Nernst analogue Szy = S0zy + SAzy + STzy, together with a fitting procedure in the high-field saturation region: plotting ρH/M versus H/M and taking the slope as the normal coefficient R0 and the intercept as 4πRS, with the topological contribution as the residual. Physically, the argument rests on two mechanisms: Berry curvature near the Fermi level producing the anomalous Hall and Nernst effects, and static scalar spin chirality in the field-induced transverse conical spiral magnetic phase producing the topological Hall and Nernst effects.

What would settle it

Measure the Hall and Nernst responses in ErMn6Sn6 up to fields well beyond 3 T (for example, 14 T) and compare the residual after subtracting R0H and RS4πM with the field range where neutron diffraction identifies the transverse conical spiral phase; if a nonzero 'topological' signal persists at fields where no non-coplanar spin texture exists, or vice versa, the three-component decomposition used to extract the 1.71 µV/K anomalous Nernst coefficient is not sound.

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Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central discovery claimed is that ErMn6Sn6 exhibits both the topological Nernst effect and the anomalous Nernst effect, the thermal analogues of the topological and anomalous Hall effects. Using a standard three-component decomposition of the transverse electric and thermoelectric signals into normal, anomalous, and topological terms, the authors find that the anomalous Nernst coefficient rises with temperature and reaches 1.71 µV/K at 300 K in a 3 T field. They attribute this anomalous Nernst effect to Berry curvature from massive Dirac bands of the Mn kagome lattice near the Fermi level, and they attribute the topological Hall and Nernst effects, which peak near 1.5 T between 100 and 300 K, to a field-induced transverse conical spiral phase whose non-coplanar spin texture produces a nonzero scalar spin chirality. They further report that the Nernst thermoelectric conductivity α_yz reaches 1.79 A/(m K) at 200 K and that the Onsager reciprocal relation holds between the yz and zy measurement configurations.

Load-bearing premise

The extracted topological and anomalous coefficients assume that the topological Hall and Nernst terms vanish in the high-field saturation region above about 3 T, so a linear fit of ρH/M versus H/M can isolate the normal and anomalous parts; if a topological contribution survives there, or if the anomalous term is not strictly proportional to magnetization, the 1.71 µV/K figure and the topological peak are fitting artifacts.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • ErMn6Sn6 can generate a transverse thermoelectric voltage at room temperature, which in principle allows Nernst-effect thermoelectric modules with a simpler orthogonal electrode geometry than Seebeck devices.
  • The anomalous Nernst coefficient of 1.71 µV/K at 300 K places ErMn6Sn6 in the same class as TbMn6Sn6, YMn6Sn6, and ScMn6Sn6, while its antiferromagnetic order avoids the stray fields that complicate ferromagnetic thermoelectrics.
  • The topological Nernst and Hall peaks near 1.5 T provide a low-field, tunable transverse response tied to the field-induced transverse conical spiral phase.
  • The Onsager-consistent thermoelectric conductivity of 1.79 A/(m K) at 200 K indicates that the transverse thermoelectric response is substantial in the Nernst conductivity as well as the Nernst voltage.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the decomposition survives higher-field tests, chemical pressure or doping that shifts the Mn kagome Dirac bands closer to the Fermi level could push the anomalous Nernst coefficient above the values reported here, because the anomalous Nernst effect is hypersensitive to Berry curvature near the Fermi level.
  • The presence of a topological Nernst effect in ErMn6Sn6 and its reported absence in YMn6Sn6 suggests that a direct comparison of the two spiral spin structures could isolate which magnetic configuration sustains a thermal topological signal, a test the paper does not carry out.
  • The anomaly near 200 K in the critical field, magneto-Seebeck, and Hall/Nernst components is a promising target for temperature-dependent angle-resolved photoemission or neutron scattering to check whether the electronic structure or spin texture changes there, as the authors themselves call for further investigation.
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Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 4 minor

Summary. This manuscript reports a transport study of single-crystal ErMn6Sn6, a kagome magnet that orders in an incommensurate antiferromagnetic phase below TN ≈ 348 K and a ferrimagnetic phase below Tc ≈ 68 K. The authors measure magnetization, resistivity, magnetoresistance, Seebeck, Hall, and Nernst effects as a function of field and temperature. They decompose the Hall resistivity into normal, anomalous, and topological contributions using the standard high-field linear fit of ρH/M versus H/M, and apply the same decomposition to the Nernst signal. They report a topological Hall resistivity of about 1.2 μΩ cm at 300 K and an anomalous Nernst coefficient of 1.71 μV/K at 300 K, which they argue is comparable to other RMn6Sn6 compounds and larger than canted antiferromagnets, making ErMn6Sn6 a candidate for Nernst-based thermoelectrics. The paper includes supporting measurements for Onsager reciprocity and a data availability DOI.

Significance. The qualitative observation of a large field-dependent transverse thermoelectric response in an antiferromagnet at room temperature is interesting and potentially useful. The paper benefits from high-quality crystals (RRR up to ~145), a comprehensive set of transport measurements, and checks of the Onsager relation. If the decomposition is valid, the extracted values are competitive with the best reported kagome antiferromagnets. However, the quantitative separation into anomalous and topological components relies on an assumption about the high-field behavior that is not independently established in this manuscript; this limits the strength of the headline claim until the decomposition is justified or the raw total Nernst value is reported as the primary figure of merit.

major comments (4)
  1. [Section 2, Figs. 3(a)-(c) and 4(b)] The decomposition of the Hall and Nernst signals assumes that the topological contribution vanishes in the high-field saturation region at 3 T, where a linear fit of ρH/M versus H/M is performed. This is a load-bearing assumption for the extracted anomalous and topological components, but it is not independently verified for this sample. The field window between the metamagnetic transition (~1.5 T) and the 3 T upper limit is narrow, and the magnetization continues to evolve in this window. A residual topological term or a field-dependent RS at 3 T would directly shift the fitted coefficients and the subsequent Nernst decomposition. The authors should justify this assumption by, for example, providing the fitted field range and residuals, performing a sensitivity analysis with different upper field limits, or citing neutron-scattering evidence that the transverse conical spiral phase and its associated scalar spin chirality are absent at 3 T on this compound.
  2. [Section 2, Fig. 4(b)] The procedure used to extract the Nernst components is not specified. For the Hall effect, the paper gives the constitutive relations ρN = R0H and ρA = RS4πM and the linear-fit method; for the Nernst effect, the text only states that Szy = S0zy + SAzy + STzy and that 'using the methodology discussed above' the components are extracted. No functional form for SAzy in terms of M is given, so the decomposition of the Nernst data is not well-defined. The authors should provide the explicit equations and fitting procedure used for the Nernst data, including the assumed field dependence of the normal and anomalous components.
  3. [Abstract and Section 2, Fig. 4(c)] The abstract and conclusion state that the Nernst coefficient reaches 1.71 μV/K at 300 K and 3 T, but the body text identifies 1.71 μV/K as the extracted anomalous component SAzy, not the total measured Nernst coefficient at 3 T. These are different quantities, and the wording is misleading. The paper should clearly label this value as the anomalous Nernst coefficient throughout, or alternatively quote the measured total Szy at 3 T as the headline experimental value.
  4. [Section 2, Figs. 3 and 4] No error bars or uncertainty estimates are reported for the extracted normal, anomalous, and topological Hall/Nernst coefficients. Since the quantitative comparison with literature values (e.g., 1.71 vs 2.2, 2, 2.21 μV/K for related compounds) is a central point, the paper should report the fitting uncertainties and, ideally, the variation of the extracted values under reasonable changes in the fitting procedure.
minor comments (4)
  1. [Figure 3 caption] The caption contains the repeated word 'topological' in 'topological topological Nernst coefficients'; please fix.
  2. [Abstract and Keywords] There are minor typos: 'Nerst' should be 'Nernst' in the keywords, and 'traverse' should be 'transverse' in the abstract.
  3. [Section 2, Fig. 3(c) and text] The paper describes the topological Hall and Nernst effects as appearing 'in a narrow field range between 1 – 1.5 T', but only the temperature dependence of the maximum values is shown; adding a representative field-dependent plot of ρT and ST at one temperature would make the field range of these effects directly visible.
  4. [Figure S3 and associated text] The scaling analysis that excludes skew scattering would be more convincing if the fit quality (e.g., R² value) and the comparison with the side-jump estimate were quantified in the main text or supplement.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the Hall/Nernst decomposition is a standard data-reduction method, and the headline value is an extracted measurement, not a fitted parameter relabeled as a prediction.

full rationale

The paper's central quantitative claim (anomalous Nernst coefficient 1.71 µV/K at 300 K, 3 T) comes from direct transport measurements, not from a derivation whose output is equivalent to its input. The decomposition of ρH = R0H + RS4πM + ρT and Szy = S0 + SA + ST into normal, anomalous, and topological terms follows the standard high-field saturation linearization, with the topological terms defined as residuals after subtracting the fitted normal and anomalous contributions. The assumption that ρT diminishes in the high-field region is a stated physical condition ('In the high-field saturation region where the ρT term diminishes'), not a conclusion obtained from the same fit through circular logic. If a topological contribution survived at 3 T, the extracted values would be inaccurate, but that is a correctness or soundness concern, not a circularity. The comparisons with TbMn6Sn6, YMn6Sn6, ScMn6Sn6, Mn3Sn, and Mn3Ge use independently reported values from the literature, and the topological Hall region is cross-referenced to neutron diffraction work. Self-citations (e.g., refs. 10, 18, 19, 29, 55) serve as background, benchmark values, or prior confirmation of similar Hall features; none is load-bearing in the sense of providing an unverified premise that forces the present result. No fitted parameter is renamed as a prediction, no uniqueness theorem is imported from the authors' prior work, and no ansatz is smuggled in via citation. The analysis is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks, and no circular step can be exhibited from the paper's own equations.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 4 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The paper contributes a new measurement for a known compound. It introduces no new particles or forces, but the extraction of anomalous and topological components rests on fitted Hall and Nernst backgrounds and on the assumption that topological contributions vanish at 3 T.

free parameters (3)
  • Normal Hall coefficient R0 = not stated
    Extracted from the linear slope of rhoH/M versus H/M in the high-field saturation region; used to isolate the normal Hall contribution and the corresponding Nernst background.
  • Anomalous Hall coefficient RS = not stated
    Extracted from the intercept of the rhoH/M versus H/M linear fit; the anomalous Hall and anomalous Nernst components are built from this coefficient, so the final ANE value depends on this subtraction.
  • Linear Nernst background slopes = not stated
    The normal and anomalous Nernst components are separated from the topological component using a field-linear background in the high-field region; the topological Nernst signal is the residual after that subtraction.
assumptions (4)
  • domain assumption Additive decomposition rhoH = R0H + RS*4*pi*M + rhoT and the analogous Nernst decomposition Szy = S0 + SA + ST.
    Invoked in Section 2, Figures 3(b) and 4(b); standard in the field but unverified for this material, and the extracted components depend on it.
  • ad hoc to paper Topological Hall and Nernst contributions vanish in the high-field saturated region at 3 T.
    Used to perform the linear fit for R0 and RS; if a residual topological signal survives at 3 T, the decomposition is biased. The paper does not justify this with a higher-field or zero-field check.
  • domain assumption Mott relation applies to the longitudinal thermopower of ErMn6Sn6.
    Quoted in Section 2 to compare magnetoresistance and magneto-Seebeck above 200 K; assumes d(sigma)/d(zeta) at EF is nearly field-independent in that regime.
  • domain assumption Magnetic phase assignments from prior magnetization and neutron studies, including the field-induced transverse conical spiral phase.
    The paper relies on refs. 29, 30, and 47 for TN, Tc, and the TCS phase in the 1 to 1.5 T field range; it does not measure the spin structure itself.

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Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of ErMn$_6$Sn$_6$: A Promising Kagome Antiferromagnetic Candidate for Room-Temperature Nernst Effect-based thermoelectrics." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/HIFJSLEZ

@misc{pith2026250415926,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: ErMn$_6$Sn$_6$: A Promising Kagome Antiferromagnetic Candidate for Room-Temperature Nernst Effect-based thermoelectrics},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/HIFJSLEZ}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2504.15926}
}
abstract

The Nernst effect, the generation of a transverse electric voltage in the presence of longitudinal thermal gradient, has garnered significant attention in the realm of magnetic topological materials due to its superior potential for thermoelectric applications. In this work, we investigate electronic and thermoelectric transport properties of a Kagome magnet ErMn$_6$Sn$_6$, a compound showing an incommensurate antiferromagnetic phase followed by a ferrimagnetic phase transition upon cooling. We show that in the antiferromagnetic phase ErMn$_6$Sn$_6$ exhibits both topological Nernst effect and anomalous Nernst effect, analogous to the electric Hall effects, with the Nernst coefficient reaching 1.71 uV/K at 300 K and 3 T. This value surpasses that of most of previously reported state-of-the-art canted antiferromagnetic materials and is comparable to recently reported other members of RMn$_6$Sn$_6$ (R = rare-earth, Y, Lu, Sc) compounds, which makes ErMn$_6$Sn$_6$ a promising candidate for advancing the development of Nernst effect-based thermoelectric devices.

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Reference graph

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Pith tools

Reviewed August 16, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.