Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 35 of 35 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.18560.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.18560 v1

Coverage vector

measured 35 of 35 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.609144Z

measured 35 of 35 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

35 of 35 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy12
unresolved21
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8ae0a37f-97ff-4070-a6df-7af09714b637 · outbound

This paper cites Using natural sentence prompts for understanding biases in language models.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Using natural sentence prompts for understanding biases in language models

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.221791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation b7026937-4a03-4c5c-9a63-586d3a40180a · outbound

This paper cites Costa-Jussà, and Noe Casas.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Costa-Jussà, and Noe Casas

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.203945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 34abca13-2ee8-40c1-a444-14815926a4a8 · outbound

This paper cites On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big? InProceedings of the 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency, pages 610–623, 2021.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big? InProceedings of the 2021 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency, pages 610–623, 2021

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.435601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0d3dd1b0-8624-473a-81aa-7e2cf7a198dc · outbound

This paper cites Man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker? debiasing word embeddings.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker? debiasing word embeddings

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.177764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 29419495-9e2b-4812-9465-c72895953b6e · outbound

This paper cites Improving language models by retrieving from trillions of tokens.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Improving language models by retrieving from trillions of tokens

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.445597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ba06be19-edda-42f0-b1ee-878afe0129ab · outbound

This paper cites Language models are few-shot learners.Advances in neural information processing systems, 33:1877–1901, 2020.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Language models are few-shot learners.Advances in neural information processing systems, 33:1877–1901, 2020

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.451517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ccbdd6fe-5fcc-4030-b880-fab7fbd7013e · outbound

This paper cites ChatGPT vs Gemini vs LLaMA on Multilingual Sentiment Analysis.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages ChatGPT vs Gemini vs LLaMA on Multilingual Sentiment Analysis

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.456787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7d13adff-2c8c-4054-b06a-d9122dd48ad9 · outbound

This paper cites RogueGPT: dis-ethical tuning transforms ChatGPT4 into a Rogue AI in 158 Words.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages RogueGPT: dis-ethical tuning transforms ChatGPT4 into a Rogue AI in 158 Words

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.870097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation e6c51f28-dfda-4286-b8d5-7bc71536e08e · outbound

This paper cites Marked personas: Using natural language prompts to measure stereotypes in language models.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Marked personas: Using natural language prompts to measure stereotypes in language models

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.148952Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation c45ae906-49ec-4562-9ef1-a80558068548 · outbound

This paper cites Bold: dataset and metrics for measuring biases in open-ended language generation.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Bold: dataset and metrics for measuring biases in open-ended language generation

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.130812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 1e53694c-a2cc-43fd-9cbe-77ca672c00ff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.113132Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 23d4cb3b-ead0-4e33-8dfd-d0a07f9b0a86 · outbound

This paper cites Social Bias Evaluation for Large Language Models Requires Prompt Variations.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Social Bias Evaluation for Large Language Models Requires Prompt Variations

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.481096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ba6a50e-86da-441e-92f5-7b1e2a6b2889 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring bias in contextualized word representations.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Measuring bias in contextualized word representations

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.096624Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 41024fba-9992-4d36-8b45-a65f4aae6067 · outbound

This paper cites From Zero to Hero: On the Limitations of Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer with Multilingual Transformers.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages From Zero to Hero: On the Limitations of Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer with Multilingual Transformers

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.492025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca7f8e5a-1de2-40ea-87f7-6d9a8e8a0d08 · outbound

This paper cites The myth of left and right: How the political spectrum misleads and harms america.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages The myth of left and right: How the political spectrum misleads and harms america

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.078719Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 12198f07-bd16-4b89-93ea-2ab43594bb64 · outbound

This paper cites Holistic Evaluation of Language Models.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Holistic Evaluation of Language Models

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.508916Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5da530b4-d460-4a84-9c9f-520caad48115 · outbound

This paper cites Langbite, 2024.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Langbite, 2024

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.061835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation f141f6ee-977a-466b-82a5-4f624f64091c · outbound

This paper cites A DSL for testing LLMs for fairness and bias.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages A DSL for testing LLMs for fairness and bias

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.045189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation ba1d2d5d-8335-4e96-9433-357b31cd9f8e · outbound

This paper cites LangBiTe: A Platform for Testing Bias in Large Language Models.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages LangBiTe: A Platform for Testing Bias in Large Language Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.523222Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1ef658c3-b1ff-47b8-8a10-73fda35b2cd8 · outbound

This paper cites ImageBiTe: A framework for evaluating representational harms in text-to-image models.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages ImageBiTe: A framework for evaluating representational harms in text-to-image models

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.027770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 0dbb02de-9135-4311-91a2-a56022782ffd · outbound

This paper cites StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages StereoSet: Measuring stereotypical bias in pretrained language models

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.534015Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56272d0e-4d3c-48af-b60d-b3150c2f3ffb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:29.011168Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a705eff2-18c3-498b-9790-8bbc38eb4206 · outbound

This paper cites A Comprehensive Survey of Bias in LLMs: Current Landscape and Future Directions.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages A Comprehensive Survey of Bias in LLMs: Current Landscape and Future Directions

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.544144Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b42844ca-4c49-4e0a-9cc2-e3fd55101a1c · outbound

This paper cites Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.549190Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cd25b8ed-64cd-4f6e-b77b-65792c2dc842 · outbound

This paper cites Recipes for building an open-domain chatbot.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Recipes for building an open-domain chatbot

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.554275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de492ba3-03eb-4abe-8d36-2d2bb8011c90 · outbound

This paper cites Social Bias in Large Language Models For Bangla: An Empirical Study on Gender and Religious Bias.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Social Bias in Large Language Models For Bangla: An Empirical Study on Gender and Religious Bias

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.559687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 95cbbec7-d431-463e-a282-ed5521f385fd · outbound

This paper cites Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.565191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 59b48fc7-4581-4cac-aa63-c1fc8ea4795e · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models with fmeval.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Evaluating Large Language Models with fmeval

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.570456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2cd8c3b-d325-45d5-95ec-0797c1815ec7 · outbound

This paper cites The woman worked as a babysitter: On biases in language generation.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages The woman worked as a babysitter: On biases in language generation

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.983821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation cfef801d-ecba-40e6-8d41-14c9e4264aed · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.580058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7b494b32-eb4c-4ded-ab43-b24a691fdb4a · outbound

This paper cites The artificial intelligence act, 2024.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages The artificial intelligence act, 2024

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.966316Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 0abf34d2-65d2-4521-924f-ddebac1435bd · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need.Advances in neural information processing systems, 30, 2017.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Attention is all you need.Advances in neural information processing systems, 30, 2017

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.589904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9b01a097-e17c-4174-a55f-46708cb2257c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.938925Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation bdd4a66b-6bcc-429a-923c-4c5c1cde6ba7 · outbound

This paper cites Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.604361Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f6e87369-7eb1-48e8-815c-40bd32249e17 · outbound

This paper cites {sentence}.

Mind the Language Gap: Automated and Augmented Evaluation of Bias in LLMs for High- and Low-Resource Languages {sentence}

Reference 37

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T11:54:28.920254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.