Pith. sign in

REVIEW 2 major objections 6 minor 1 cited by

Skyrmion Bubbles by Design in a Centrosymmetric Kagome Magnet

T0 review · 2 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-16 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read Gallium doping of the centrosymmetric kagome magnet TmMn6Sn6 reorients its spins near 243 K and stabilizes a switchable lattice of skyrmion bubbles.

desk verdict A credible new observation of bubble textures in a doped kagome magnet, with a plausible anisotropy story that outruns the evidence; the topology label is inferred, not measured. read the letter →

arxiv 2504.19045 v1 pith:UYXFXDCC submitted 2025-04-26 cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Mohamed El Gazzah , Fehmi Sami Yasin , Sk Jamaluddin , Hari Bhandari , Resham Babu Regmi , Xiuzhen Yu , Nirmal J. Ghimire This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.mtrl-sci PACS 75.70.Kw75.30.Gw
keywords skyrmionbubblescentrosymmetricmagnetskagomelatticemagnetocrystallineanisotropyspinreorientationLorentztransmissionelectronmicroscopyTmMn6Sn6topologicalcharge
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

Skyrmion-like bubbles are usually thought to require broken inversion symmetry and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction to stabilize. This paper claims a different lever: engineered magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Substituting gallium for tin in the centrosymmetric kagome compound TmMn6Sn6 tips the magnetization from in-plane to out-of-plane near 243 K, and just below that spin reorientation a dense lattice of magnetic bubbles appears in thin lamellae under out-of-plane fields. The bubbles come in two topologically distinct forms — Type-I with integer topological charge $S=-1$, akin to skyrmions, and Type-II with $S=0$ — and the two can be reversibly interconverted by tilting the sample in the field. If the claim holds, it offers a chemical-design route to topological spin textures in centrosymmetric materials, where DMI is not available.

What carries the argument

The mechanism that carries the argument is a chemically engineered spin reorientation transition. Ga doping at the Sn3 site (2c Wyckoff position) shifts the balance between the competing Mn and Tm sublattice anisotropies so that the easy axis rotates from in-plane to c-axis at $T_{\mathrm{SR}} \approx 243$ K. At that balance point the system passes through a fan state, an intermediate texture whose period $\lambda_{\mathrm{fan}}$ connects in-plane and out-of-plane order, and the resulting uniaxial anisotropy with quality factor $Q = K/(2\pi M^2) > 1$ lets dipolar interactions organize the spins into stripe domains and, under field, into bubbles. The two bubble types are distinguished by the winding of the magnetization around their perimeter: Type-I wraps the unit sphere once ($S=-1$), Type-II does not ($S=0$), as read off the DPC-STEM in-plane induction maps.

What would settle it

Reconstruct the full magnetization vector of a nominally Type-I bubble in TmMn6Sn4.2Ga1.8 (e.g., with quantitative DPC-STEM or electron holography) and integrate the winding number; if it is not $-1$, the paper's topological-charge assignment and the Type-I/Type-II distinction fall.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central discovery is that Ga substitution at the Sn3 site of TmMn6Sn6 converts the compound's robust in-plane anisotropy into a c-axis easy axis below a spin reorientation temperature $T_{\mathrm{SR}} \approx 243$ K, and this anisotropy change is sufficient to stabilize skyrmion bubbles in zero and small applied fields. Lorentz TEM and DPC-STEM imaging show the zero-field sequence from in-plane domains to a fan state to maze-like striped domains as temperature drops, and then a field-driven sequence from stripes to mixed states to a bubble lattice at fields of order 100–200 mT in ~43 nm-thick lamellae. The bubble lattice is dense and tunable across a wide temperature-field window, follows the usual square-root-of-thickness scaling, and contains both Type-I ($S=-1$) Bloch skyrmion bubbles and Type-II ($S=0$) bubbles whose relative stability depends on field orientation. The paper also reports spontaneous helicity switching of Type-I bubbles at rates up to about $2.6\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ in thin regions, attributed to reduced Bloch-line energy barriers from enhanced dipolar effects.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that the Type-I bubbles imaged by DPC-STEM really carry topological charge $S=-1$ and that the Ga-induced spin reorientation, rather than some other doping effect, is what stabilizes the bubble lattice; neither is directly measured, since no topological Hall effect was detected and no anisotropy constants were reported.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • In TmMn6Sn4.2Ga1.8, field and temperature can select between stripe domains, mixed states, and a dense bubble lattice, with bubble density set by lamella thickness following the usual square-root-of-thickness scaling.
  • Tilting the applied field reversibly converts Type-I ($S=-1$) bubbles into Type-II ($S=0$) bubbles, giving a knob to turn topological protection on and off in a single sample.
  • Type-I bubbles spontaneously flip their helicity at rates up to about 2.6 per second, with switching faster in thinner regions, implying a thickness-tunable energy barrier for chirality reversal.
  • Ga-induced tuning of the spin reorientation provides a design template for the broader RMn6Sn6 family: choosing rare-earth and dopant combinations that place the reorientation near a target operating temperature should yield bubble lattices at that temperature.
  • Because the mechanism does not rely on DMI, it extends skyrmion-bubble stabilization to centrosymmetric compounds, where the prerequisites are competing anisotropies and $Q > 1$.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the anisotropy-balance mechanism is generic, then dopants other than Ga that move the spin reorientation across the operating range could produce bubble lattices at room temperature in related kagome magnets; the paper does not test this.
  • The reported absence of a topological Hall effect for ~100 nm bubbles suggests the emergent magnetic field scales down with bubble size, so shrinking the bubbles (by doping or lamella thickness) until a transport signal appears would connect the imaging result to electronic transport.
  • The thickness-dependent helicity flipping hints that in sub-40 nm lamellae the Bloch-line barrier may vanish, making helicity a stochastic binary degree of freedom; that would be a natural playground for probabilistic spintronics, though the paper does not make this claim.
  • Because the fan state appears only in a narrow window around the spin reorientation, bubble stability likely depends on proximity to that transition; a testable prediction is that doping which moves the transition farther away suppresses the bubble lattice.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

2 major / 6 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports real-space imaging of magnetic bubbles in Ga-substituted TmMn6Sn6 (TmMn6Sn4.2Ga1.8). Magnetization measurements on the substituted crystal show a spin-reorientation transition near 243 K that is absent in the parent compound. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal in-plane domains, a fan state, stripe domains, and field-induced bubble textures in a wedge-shaped lamella. The authors classify the bubbles as Type-I (topological, S = -1) and Type-II (non-topological, S = 0), construct temperature-field state diagrams for two thickness regions, and report thickness-dependent helicity switching of the Type-I bubbles. The paper concludes that Ga substitution engineers magnetocrystalline anisotropy, enabling skyrmion bubbles 'by design.'

Significance. The imaging data are of good quality, and the principal observational claims—spin reorientation, temperature/field/thickness-dependent bubble textures, and helicity switching—are supported by the figures and by a second-growth-batch reproduction in the Supplementary Material. The thickness-dependent bubble-density analysis uses measured domain sizes, and the helicity-switching statistics are quantitative. If the Type-I bubbles were demonstrated to carry S = -1, chemical anisotropy engineering of a centrosymmetric kagome magnet would be a notable contribution. However, the topological assignment and the causal 'by design' claim are currently not established to the standard required for the headline conclusion.

major comments (2)
  1. [Emergence of skyrmionic bubbles; Eq. (1); Figs. 3(E-F)] The defining distinction between Type-I (S = -1) and Type-II (S = 0) bubbles is inferred from DPC-STEM in-plane induction maps, but the skyrmion number S = (1/4π)∫ m·(∂m/∂x × ∂m/∂y) dxdy requires the full three-dimensional unit magnetization field, including the out-of-plane component. The text states that Type-I bubbles 'wrap the unit sphere once,' but no numerical value of S is computed from the data or from a micromagnetic reconstruction constrained by the images. The only independent check discussed, the topological Hall effect, is reported absent, and the explanation that the roughly 100 nm bubble size suppresses the emergent field is not quantified. Because the central 'skyrmion bubbles by design' claim collapses to ordinary magnetic bubbles if the topological charge assignment is wrong, the authors should compute S from the vector maps with an explicit model for m_z, or provide an equivalent direct topological signature, before the classification is used as the basis of the design narrative.
  2. [Spin reorientation within TmMn6Sn6; Fig. 1(D-E)] The 'by design' claim rests on chemical tuning of magnetocrystalline anisotropy, but no quantitative anisotropy constant (e.g., K1 or K2) is reported, and only one substituted composition, x = 1.8, is compared with the parent compound. The spin reorientation near 243 K and the analogy with TbMn6Sn6 make the anisotropy-change scenario plausible, but they do not demonstrate that anisotropy was 'precisely tuned' or that the reorientation is caused primarily by the engineered anisotropy rather than by other doping effects. A Ga concentration series, or direct anisotropy measurements such as magnetization isotherms, torque magnetometry, or ferromagnetic resonance, is needed to support the central design claim.
minor comments (6)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract states that the skyrmion bubble lattice is 'confirmed by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy'; LTEM confirms bubble textures, but not the topological charge, so the wording should be qualified.
  2. [Fig. 2 caption] The panel labels in the Fig. 2 caption are inconsistent with the text: the text refers to Figs. 2(E-F), while the caption describes panel (G) as the DPC-STEM image of the fan state; the letters should be corrected.
  3. [Methods: Crystal growth] The Ga pieces purity is listed as 'Alfa Aesar; X%', which is incomplete; the actual purity should be stated.
  4. [Figs. 3(G-H)] The color scale for the bubble density ρ_bubbles is not defined; the units and the binning method should be specified in the caption.
  5. [Supplementary Material S3] The density rescaling formula in S3, ρ*_bubbles(d = 91 nm) = D(91 nm) × D(43 nm)/ρ_bubbles(d = 91 nm), is dimensionally inconsistent as written; the main text and the supplementary should state clearly that the bubble density scales as the inverse square of the measured domain size, using the measured D43 and D91 values.
  6. [Introduction and References] Reference [50], a prior magnetization study of TmMn6Sn6−xGax single crystals, should be discussed when the spin reorientation is introduced, so that the new result is connected to the existing composition-dependent data.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No circularity: the experimental observations and the bubble-density rescaling are self-contained; same-group citations are background, not load-bearing.

full rationale

The paper is an experimental study, not a derivation. The central claims are that Ga substitution in TmMn6Sn6 produces a spin reorientation near 243 K (magnetization data, Fig. 1E) and that LTEM/DPC-STEM reveal bubble textures in specific field/temperature windows (Figs. 2-3). No parameter is fitted to a subset of data and then re-predicted. The topological assignment of Type-I bubbles as S=-1 and Type-II bubbles as S=0 is an interpretation of the DPC-STEM induction maps, described in the text as the spin configuration 'wraps the unit sphere once,' rather than a quantity computed from a model and then returned as a prediction; if one doubts that assignment, that is an evidence/correctness concern, not circularity. The bubble-density rescaling in Fig. 3 is a normalization based on the measured zero-field domain widths D43=85 nm and D91=124 nm reported in S4, whose squared ratio is about 2.12, consistent with the stated Kittel-law scaling; it is not a fitted input disguised as a prediction. References [45-47] are prior work by overlapping authors on the RMn6Sn6 family, but they are used for background and motivation (competing J1-J3 exchange, TbMn6Sn6 spin-reorientation mechanism), not to establish the present bubble observation; the external reference [48] independently reports biskyrmions near a spin reorientation in TbMn6Sn6. The absence of a topological Hall signal is discussed as a plausible size effect and is not used as circular validation. There is no self-definitional step, no fitted-input-called-prediction step, and no self-citation chain that forces the central result.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 4 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The paper introduces no new theoretical entities. Its interpretation rests on established physics: competing sublattice anisotropies drive the spin reorientation in RMn6Sn6 compounds, and dipolar-stabilized bubbles in thin films with uniaxial anisotropy can be skyrmionic. These assumptions are drawn from prior literature, including work by the same group. No new entities are postulated.

assumptions (4)
  • domain assumption Spin reorientation in RMn6Sn6 arises from competing Mn and rare-earth sublattice anisotropies, with the Tm/Mn competition modulated by Ga substitution.
    Relies on prior work (refs 45-47, including the same group) for the mechanism; the paper does not measure sublattice anisotropies directly.
  • domain assumption Type-I bubbles with the observed LTEM and DPC contrast carry topological charge S=-1.
    Standard interpretation in the field; not directly measured via topological Hall effect due to sample geometry (stated in the topological Hall effect paragraph).
  • domain assumption The observed magnetic textures are equilibrium states representative of the bulk material, not artifacts of FIB damage or electron beam heating.
    The paper addresses beam effects for helicity switching but does not fully rule out FIB damage or local heating for the phase diagram.
  • standard math Kittel's law scaling applies to the bubble density comparison between the two thicknesses.
    Used to rescale bubble density; validated by domain size measurements in Fig. S4.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Skyrmion Bubbles by Design in a Centrosymmetric Kagome Magnet." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/UYXFXDCC

@misc{pith2026250419045,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Skyrmion Bubbles by Design in a Centrosymmetric Kagome Magnet},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/UYXFXDCC}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2504.19045}
}
abstract

Topologically protected nanoscale spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions, have attracted significant interest for spintronics applications. While skyrmions in noncentrosymmetric materials are known to be stabilized by Dzyaloshinskii$-$Moriya interaction (DMI), their deliberate design in centrosymmetric materials remains a challenge. This difficulty largely stems from the complexity of controlling magnetocrystalline anisotropy $-$ a critical factor in the absence of DMI. Here, we demonstrate the chemical tuning of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the centrosymmetric Kagome magnet TmMn$_6$Sn$_6$. The resulting compound exhibits a spin reorientation transition accompanied by an emergent skyrmion bubble lattice, confirmed by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Our findings overcome a key materials design challenge and open possibilities for deliberate design of skyrmionic textures in centrosymmetric systems.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2504.19045 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1 : Structural, magnetic, and topological characteristics of TmMn [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2 : Real-space evolution of magnetic textures across the spin reorientation transition. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3 : Thickness dependence on the magnetic field - temperature magnetic state diagrams of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (1 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4 : Thickness-dependent helicity switching of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_4.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Doping-induced Spin Reorientation in Kagome Magnet TmMn6Sn6

    cond-mat.mtrl-sci 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Gallium doping gradually reorients magnetism in TmMn6Sn6 from easy-plane to easy-axis, with the reorientation temperature rising until it merges with the magnetic ordering temperature near x=2.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

61 extracted references · 40 canonical work pages · cited by 1 Pith paper

  1. [1]

    Fert , author N

    author author A. Fert , author N. Reyren ,\ and\ author V. Cros ,\ title title Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications ,\ https://www.nature.com/articles/natrevmats201731 journal journal Nature Reviews Materials \ volume 2 ,\ pages 1 ( year 2017 ) NoStop

    work page 2017

  2. [2]

    Hirohata , author K

    author author A. Hirohata , author K. Yamada , author Y. Nakatani , author I.-L. \ Prejbeanu , author B. Di \'e ny , author P. Pirro ,\ and\ author B. Hillebrands ,\ title title Review on spintronics: Principles and device applications ,\ https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/ac6465 journal journal Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Material...

    work page doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ac6465

  3. [3]

    author author A. P. \ Petrovi \'c , author M. Raju , author X. Tee , author A. Louat , author I. Maggio-Aprile , author R. Menezes , author M. Wyszy \'n ski , author N. Duong , author M. Reznikov , author C. Renner , et al. ,\ title title Skyrmion-(anti) vortex coupling in a chiral magnet-superconductor heterostructure ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLe...

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.117205

  4. [4]

    Mühlbauer , author B

    author author S. Mühlbauer , author B. Binz , author F. Jonietz , author C. Pfleiderer , author A. Rosch , author A. Neubauer , author R. Georgii ,\ and\ author P. Böni ,\ title title Skyrmion lattice in a chiral magnet ,\ https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1166767 journal journal Science \ volume 323 ,\ pages 915 ( year 2009 ) NoStop

    doi:10.1126/science.1166767

  5. [5]

    Yu , author Y

    author author X. Yu , author Y. Onose , author N. Kanazawa , author J. H. \ Park , author J. Han , author Y. Matsui , author N. Nagaosa ,\ and\ author Y. Tokura ,\ title title Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal ,\ https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09124 journal journal Nature \ volume 465 ,\ pages 901 ( year 2010 ) NoStop

    work page 2010

  6. [6]

    Nagaosa \ and\ author Y

    author author N. Nagaosa \ and\ author Y. Tokura ,\ title title Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions ,\ https://www.nature.com/articles/nnano.2013.243 journal journal Nature nanotechnology \ volume 8 ,\ pages 899 ( year 2013 ) NoStop

    work page 2013

  7. [7]

    Finocchio , author J

    author author G. Finocchio , author J. A. C. \ Incorvia , author J. S. \ Friedman , author Q. Yang , author A. Giordano , author J. Grollier , author H. Yang , author F. Ciubotaru , author A. V. \ Chumak , author A. J. \ Naeemi , et al. ,\ title title Roadmap for unconventional computing with nanotechnology ,\ https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/23...

    doi:10.1088/2399-1984/ad299a

  8. [8]

    author author S. Hayami ,\ title title Skyrmion crystals in centrosymmetric triangular magnets under hexagonal and trigonal single-ion anisotropy ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169220 journal journal Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials \ volume 553 ,\ pages 169220 ( year 2022 ) NoStop

    arXiv 2022

Show all 61 references
  1. [9]

    Zhou , author S

    author author Y. Zhou , author S. Li , author X. Liang ,\ and\ author Y. Zhou ,\ title title Topological spin textures: Basic physics and devices ,\ https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202312935 journal journal Advanced Materials \ volume 37 ,\ pages 2312935 ( year 2025 ) NoStop

    doi

  2. [10]

    u hlbauer , author C. Pfleiderer , author A. Neubauer , author W. M \

    author author F. Jonietz , author S. M \"u hlbauer , author C. Pfleiderer , author A. Neubauer , author W. M \"u nzer , author A. Bauer , author T. Adams , author R. Georgii , author P. B \"o ni , author R. A. \ Duine , et al. ,\ title title Spin transfer torques in mnsi at ul...

    doi

  3. [11]

    Yu , author N

    author author X. Yu , author N. Kanazawa , author W. Zhang , author T. Nagai , author T. Hara , author K. Kimoto , author Y. Matsui , author Y. Onose ,\ and\ author Y. Tokura ,\ title title Skyrmion flow near room temperature in an ultralow current density ,\ https://www.natur...

    2012

  4. [12]

    Schulz , author R

    author author T. Schulz , author R. Ritz , author A. Bauer , author M. Halder , author M. Wagner , author C. Franz , author C. Pfleiderer , author K. Everschor , author M. Garst ,\ and\ author A. Rosch ,\ title title Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet ,\ ...

    2012

  5. [13]

    \ Lin , author C

    author author S.-Z. \ Lin , author C. Reichhardt , author C. D. \ Batista ,\ and\ author A. Saxena ,\ title title Particle model for skyrmions in metallic chiral magnets: Dynamics, pinning, and creep ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.214419 journal journal Physical Review...

    doi

  6. [14]

    author author Y. Zhou ,\ title title Magnetic skyrmions: intriguing physics and new spintronic device concepts ,\ https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy109 journal journal National Science Review \ volume 6 ,\ pages 210 ( year 2019 ) NoStop

    2019 doi

  7. [15]

    author author M. Ezawa ,\ title title Giant skyrmions stabilized by dipole-dipole interactions in thin ferromagnetic films ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.197202 journal journal Physical review letters \ volume 105 ,\ pages 197202 ( year 2010 ) NoStop

    doi

  8. [16]

    author author J. T. \ Lee , author J. Chess , author S. Montoya , author X. Shi , author N. Tamura , author S. Mishra , author P. Fischer , author B. McMorran , author S. Sinha , author E. Fullerton , et al. ,\ title title Synthesizing skyrmion bound pairs in F e- G d thin fil...

    doi

  9. [17]

    Woo , author K

    author author S. Woo , author K. M. \ Song , author X. Zhang , author Y. Zhou , author M. Ezawa , author X. Liu , author S. Finizio , author J. Raabe , author N. J. \ Lee , author S.-I. \ Kim , et al. ,\ title title Current-driven dynamics and inhibition of the skyrmion hall e...

    2018

  10. [18]

    Sampaio , author V

    author author J. Sampaio , author V. Cros , author S. Rohart , author A. Thiaville ,\ and\ author A. Fert ,\ title title Nucleation, stability and current-induced motion of isolated magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures ,\ https://www.nature.com/articles/nnano.2013.210 journal ...

    2013

  11. [19]

    Jiang , author P

    author author W. Jiang , author P. Upadhyaya , author W. Zhang , author G. Yu , author M. B. \ Jungfleisch , author F. Y. \ Fradin , author J. E. \ Pearson , author Y. Tserkovnyak , author K. L. \ Wang , author O. Heinonen , et al. ,\ title title Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubb...

    doi

  12. [20]

    Soumyanarayanan , author M

    author author A. Soumyanarayanan , author M. Raju , author A. Gonzalez Oyarce , author A. K. \ Tan , author M.-Y. \ Im , author A. P. \ Petrovi \'c , author P. Ho , author K. Khoo , author M. Tran , author C. Gan , et al. ,\ title title Tunable room-temperature magnetic skyrmi...

    2017

  13. [21]

    Hayami , author S.-Z

    author author S. Hayami , author S.-Z. \ Lin ,\ and\ author C. D. \ Batista ,\ title title Bubble and skyrmion crystals in frustrated magnets with easy-axis anisotropy ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.184413 journal journal Physical Review B \ volume 93 ,\ pages 184413 (...

    doi

  14. [22]

    Hayami \ and\ author Y

    author author S. Hayami \ and\ author Y. Motome ,\ title title Square skyrmion crystal in centrosymmetric itinerant magnets ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.024439 journal journal Physical Review B \ volume 103 ,\ pages 024439 ( year 2021 ) NoStop

    doi

  15. [23]

    author author J. A. \ Paddison , author B. K. \ Rai , author A. F. \ May , author S. Calder , author M. B. \ Stone , author M. D. \ Frontzek ,\ and\ author A. D. \ Christianson ,\ title title Magnetic interactions of the centrosymmetric skyrmion material G d _ 2 P d S i _ 3 ,\...

    doi

  16. [24]

    Zuo , author K

    author author S. Zuo , author K. Qiao , author Y. Zhang , author T. Zhao , author C. Jiang ,\ and\ author B. Shen ,\ title title Spontaneous biskyrmion lattice in a centrosymmetric rhombohedral rare-earth magnet with easy-plane anisotropy ,\ https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolet...

    doi

  17. [25]

    Chakrabartty , author S

    author author D. Chakrabartty , author S. Jamaluddin , author S. K. \ Manna ,\ and\ author A. K. \ Nayak ,\ title title Tunable room temperature magnetic skyrmions in centrosymmetric kagome magnet M n _ 4 G a _ 2 S n ,\ https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-022-00971-7 journa...

    2022

  18. [26]

    Tokura \ and\ author N

    author author Y. Tokura \ and\ author N. Kanazawa ,\ title title Magnetic skyrmion materials ,\ https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00297 journal journal Chemical Reviews \ volume 121 ,\ pages 2857 ( year 2020 ) NoStop

    2020 doi

  19. [27]

    Kang , author Y

    author author W. Kang , author Y. Huang , author X. Zhang , author Y. Zhou ,\ and\ author W. Zhao ,\ title title Skyrmion-electronics: An overview and outlook ,\ https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2016.2591578 journal journal Proceedings of the IEEE \ volume 104 ,\ pages 2040 ( yea...

    2016

  20. [28]

    Martin \ and\ author A

    author author I. Martin \ and\ author A. F. \ Morpurgo ,\ title title Majorana fermions in superconducting helical magnets ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.144505 journal journal Physical Review B \ volume 85 ,\ pages 144505 ( year 2012 ) NoStop

    doi

  21. [29]

    Freimuth , author R

    author author F. Freimuth , author R. Bamler , author Y. Mokrousov ,\ and\ author A. Rosch ,\ title title Phase-space berry phases in chiral magnets: Dzyaloshinskii-moriya interaction and the charge of skyrmions ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.214409 journal journal Phy...

    doi

  22. [30]

    author author J. L. \ Lado \ and\ author J. Fern \'a ndez-Rossier ,\ title title Quantum anomalous hall effect in graphene coupled to skyrmions ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.115433 journal journal Physical Review B \ volume 92 ,\ pages 115433 ( year 2015 ) NoStop

    doi

  23. [31]

    Paul \ and\ author L

    author author N. Paul \ and\ author L. Fu ,\ title title Topological magnetic textures in magnetic topological insulators ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.033173 journal journal Physical Review Research \ volume 3 ,\ pages 033173 ( year 2021 ) NoStop

    doi

  24. [32]

    author author A. P. \ Petrovi \'c , author C. Psaroudaki , author P. Fischer , author M. Garst ,\ and\ author C. Panagopoulos ,\ title title Colloquium: Quantum properties and functionalities of magnetic skyrmions ,\ https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.11427 journal journal arXiv prepr...

    arXiv

  25. [33]

    author author G. E. \ Volovik ,\ @noop title The universe in a helium droplet ,\ Vol.\ volume 117 \ ( publisher OUP Oxford ,\ year 2003 ) NoStop

    2003

  26. [34]

    author author G. Volovik ,\ title title Interplay of real space and momentum space topologies in strongly correlated fermionic systems ,\ in\ @noop booktitle Topology of Strongly Correlated Systems \ ( publisher World Scientific ,\ year 2001 )\ pp.\ pages 30--49 NoStop

    2001

  27. [35]

    Nagaosa , author X

    author author N. Nagaosa , author X. Yu ,\ and\ author Y. Tokura ,\ title title Gauge fields in real and momentum spaces in magnets: monopoles and skyrmions ,\ https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0405 journal journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematica...

    2011

  28. [36]

    Wang , author Y

    author author Z. Wang , author Y. Su , author S.-Z. \ Lin ,\ and\ author C. D. \ Batista ,\ title title Skyrmion crystal from rkky interaction mediated by 2d electron gas ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.207201 journal journal Physical Review Letters \ volume 124 ,\ ...

    doi

  29. [37]

    Karube , author L

    author author K. Karube , author L. Peng , author J. Masell , author M. Hemmida , author H.-A. \ Krug von Nidda , author I. K \'e zsm \'a rki , author X. Yu , author Y. Tokura ,\ and\ author Y. Taguchi ,\ title title Doping control of magnetic anisotropy for stable antiskyrmio...

    2022

  30. [38]

    Kurumaji , author T

    author author T. Kurumaji , author T. Nakajima , author M. Hirschberger , author A. Kikkawa , author Y. Yamasaki , author H. Sagayama , author H. Nakao , author Y. Taguchi , author T.-h. \ Arima ,\ and\ author Y. Tokura ,\ title title Skyrmion lattice with a giant topological ...

    2019

  31. [39]

    author author N. D. \ Khanh , author T. Nakajima , author X. Yu , author S. Gao , author K. Shibata , author M. Hirschberger , author Y. Yamasaki , author H. Sagayama , author H. Nakao , author L. Peng , et al. ,\ title title Nanometric square skyrmion lattice in a centrosymme...

    2020

  32. [40]

    Hirschberger , author T

    author author M. Hirschberger , author T. Nakajima , author S. Gao , author L. Peng , author A. Kikkawa , author T. Kurumaji , author M. Kriener , author Y. Yamasaki , author H. Sagayama , author H. Nakao , et al. ,\ title title Skyrmion phase and competing magnetic orders on ...

    2019

  33. [41]

    Kakihana , author D

    author author M. Kakihana , author D. Aoki , author A. Nakamura , author F. Honda , author M. Nakashima , author Y. Amako , author T. Takeuchi , author H. Harima , author M. Hedo , author T. Nakama , et al. ,\ title title Unique magnetic phases in the skyrmion lattice and ferm...

    2019

  34. [42]

    author author J. M. \ Moya , author S. Lei , author E. M. \ Clements , author C. S. \ Kengle , author S. Sun , author K. Allen , author Q. Li , author Y. Peng , author A. A. \ Husain , author M. Mitrano , et al. ,\ title title Incommensurate magnetic orders and topological hal...

    2022

  35. [43]

    Zhang , author X

    author author H. Zhang , author X. Zhu , author Y. Xu , author D. J. \ Gawryluk , author W. Xie , author S. Ju , author M. Shi , author T. Shiroka , author Q. Zhan , author E. Pomjakushina , et al. ,\ title title Giant magnetoresistance and topological hall effect in the euga4...

    2021

  36. [44]

    Gen , author R

    author author M. Gen , author R. Takagi , author Y. Watanabe , author S. Kitou , author H. Sagayama , author N. Matsuyama , author Y. Kohama , author A. Ikeda , author Y. \=O nuki , author T. Kurumaji , et al. ,\ title title Rhombic skyrmion lattice coupled with orthorhombic s...

    2023

  37. [45]

    author author N. J. \ Ghimire , author R. L. \ Dally , author L. Poudel , author D. Jones , author D. Michel , author N. T. \ Magar , author M. Bleuel , author M. A. \ McGuire , author J. Jiang , author J. Mitchell , et al. ,\ title title Competing magnetic phases and fluctuat...

    doi

  38. [46]

    author author D. C. \ Jones , author S. Das , author H. Bhandari , author X. Liu , author P. Siegfried , author M. P. \ Ghimire , author S. S. \ Tsirkin , author I. Mazin ,\ and\ author N. J. \ Ghimire ,\ title title Origin of spin reorientation and intrinsic anomalous hall ef...

    doi

  39. [47]

    author author P. E. \ Siegfried , author H. Bhandari , author D. C. \ Jones , author M. P. \ Ghimire , author R. L. \ Dally , author L. Poudel , author M. Bleuel , author J. W. \ Lynn , author I. I. \ Mazin ,\ and\ author N. J. \ Ghimire ,\ title title Magnetization-driven lif...

    2022

  40. [48]

    Li , author Q

    author author Z. Li , author Q. Yin , author Y. Jiang , author Z. Zhu , author Y. Gao , author S. Wang , author J. Shen , author T. Zhao , author J. Cai , author H. Lei , et al. ,\ title title Discovery of topological magnetic textures near room temperature in quantum magnet T...

    doi

  41. [49]

    Venturini , author D

    author author G. Venturini , author D. Fruchart ,\ and\ author B. Malaman ,\ title title Incommensurate magnetic structures of RMn _6 Sn _6 (R= Sc, Y, Lu) compounds from neutron diffraction study ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(95)01998-7 journal journal Journal of alloys...

    doi

  42. [50]

    Canepa , author M

    author author F. Canepa , author M. Napoletano , author C. Lef \`e vre ,\ and\ author G. Venturini ,\ title title A magnetisation study of TmMn _6 Sn _ 6- x Ga _ x single crystals (0.15 x 1.90) ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.07.048 journal journal Journal of Magnetism ...

    doi

  43. [51]

    Yu , author M

    author author X. Yu , author M. Mostovoy , author Y. Tokunaga , author W. Zhang , author K. Kimoto , author Y. Matsui , author Y. Kaneko , author N. Nagaosa ,\ and\ author Y. Tokura ,\ title title Magnetic stripes and skyrmions with helicity reversals ,\ https://doi.org/10.107...

    doi

  44. [52]

    Heigl , author S

    author author M. Heigl , author S. Koraltan , author M. Va n atka , author R. Kraft , author C. Abert , author C. Vogler , author A. Semisalova , author P. Che , author A. Ullrich , author T. Schmidt , et al. ,\ title title Dipolar-stabilized first and second-order antiskyrmio...

    2021

  45. [53]

    Hassan , author S

    author author M. Hassan , author S. Koraltan , author A. Ullrich , author F. Bruckner , author R. O. \ Serha , author K. V. \ Levchenko , author G. Varvaro , author N. S. \ Kiselev , author M. Heigl , author C. Abert , et al. ,\ title title Dipolar skyrmions and antiskyrmions ...

    2024

  46. [54]

    o mter , author J. Sinova ,\ and\ author M. Kl \

    author author E. M. \ Jefremovas , author K. Leutner , author M. G. \ Fischer , author J. Marqu \'e s-March \'a n , author T. B. \ Winkler , author A. Asenjo , author R. Fr \"o mter , author J. Sinova ,\ and\ author M. Kl \"a ui ,\ title title The role of magnetic dipolar inte...

    2024 arXiv

  47. [55]

    Z uti \'c , author J

    author author I. Z uti \'c , author J. Fabian ,\ and\ author S. D. \ Sarma ,\ title title Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.76.323 journal journal Reviews of modern physics \ volume 76 ,\ pages 323 ( year 2004 ) NoStop

    doi

  48. [56]

    Luo \ and\ author L

    author author S. Luo \ and\ author L. You ,\ title title Skyrmion devices for memory and logic applications ,\ https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042917 journal journal APL Materials \ volume 9 ( year 2021 ) NoStop

    2021 doi

  49. [57]

    Kong , author J

    author author L. Kong , author J. Tang , author Y. Wu , author W. Wang , author J. Jiang , author Y. Wang , author J. Li , author Y. Xiong , author S. Wang , author M. Tian , et al. ,\ title title Diverse helicities of dipolar skyrmions ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.109....

    doi

  50. [58]

    Egerton \ and\ author S

    author author R. Egerton \ and\ author S. Cheng ,\ title title Measurement of local thickness by electron energy-loss spectroscopy ,\ https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(87)90148-3 journal journal Ultramicroscopy \ volume 21 ,\ pages 231 ( year 1987 ) NoStop

    doi

  51. [59]

    Yu , author K

    author author X. Yu , author K. Shibata , author W. Koshibae , author Y. Tokunaga , author Y. Kaneko , author T. Nagai , author K. Kimoto , author Y. Taguchi , author N. Nagaosa ,\ and\ author Y. Tokura ,\ title title Thermally activated helicity reversals of skyrmions ,\ http...

    doi

  52. [60]

    Rodriguez-Carvajal ,\ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092145269390108I journal journal Physica B \ volume 192 ,\ pages 55 ( year 1993 ) NoStop

    author author J. Rodriguez-Carvajal ,\ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092145269390108I journal journal Physica B \ volume 192 ,\ pages 55 ( year 1993 ) NoStop

    1993

  53. [61]

    Kittel ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.70.965 journal journal Physical Review \ volume 70 ,\ pages 965 ( year 1946 ) NoStop

    author author C. Kittel ,\ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.70.965 journal journal Physical Review \ volume 70 ,\ pages 965 ( year 1946 ) NoStop

    1946 doi

Pith tools

Reviewed August 16, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.