Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2504.20314.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.20314 v2

Coverage vector

measured 48 of 48 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:24.494337Z

measured 49 of 49 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T23:47:37.790908Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-05T23:47:37.908751Z

Reference resolution

48 of 48 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy1
unresolved44
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 7ad736b3-f14b-4add-b7c5-9f58c356944f · outbound

This paper cites Intrinsic Dimensionality Explains the Effectiveness of Language Model Fine-Tuning.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Intrinsic Dimensionality Explains the Effectiveness of Language Model Fine-Tuning

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.509916Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dcfa9050-e15e-46e5-9e59-92f862d2abb4 · outbound

This paper cites LaMDA: Large Model Fine-Tuning via Spectrally Decomposed Low-Dimensional Adaptation.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training LaMDA: Large Model Fine-Tuning via Spectrally Decomposed Low-Dimensional Adaptation

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.607203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a589f33e-b77c-4b26-81e7-8edb88e84951 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.656940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b44d13ea-4ab6-4059-b6f0-53255118c2b9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.643321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 84c6c6ed-2a8b-481f-ae68-c28652c60b38 · outbound

This paper cites BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questions.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questions

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.623743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1e0abfdf-a4af-4dcd-a90e-628ada5cb46c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.439897Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7bf42665-2ac4-42b6-9827-2a0aca7ff8e3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.363038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a6b79a5c-d661-46c6-acb5-90994800bf5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.635760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cd5c036c-5b44-48d7-9dc0-866a07fd93de · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.345084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 73685bf5-62bd-4181-9d33-1914d70b914c · outbound

This paper cites Model Agnostic Contrastive Explanations for Structured Data.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Model Agnostic Contrastive Explanations for Structured Data

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.642403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cde13e72-0327-481f-9210-6fdb0241530b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.334180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 6c499383-df23-45f9-9327-695c9a665b41 · outbound

This paper cites Making Pre-trained Language Models Better Few-shot Learners.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Making Pre-trained Language Models Better Few-shot Learners

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.651004Z

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Observation 665ace44-5727-4055-9215-cab5f7112a8c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.323982Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation dcc2a99a-5622-4ed1-a707-f329aa4c9479 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.312122Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 582d0bc4-a70f-4a63-bc0f-f53c4b20652f · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.733225Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 16b7a00b-20c9-4423-84cc-93a3d5a82a7d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.183375Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 43661b7e-faa9-4bbd-8125-c34105c2f6e9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.013603Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c299804a-393e-47b1-a848-05a40b7e0fa7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.861119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 06b655e1-8ab5-425f-9fa4-fa98d2c302d3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.866267Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1d995d01-03dd-4a54-b8c1-0d56749c9f68 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.991467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b63bc373-7195-4f30-bc20-fea3635ba960 · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.873019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90a076e2-aed7-4486-9699-42088abf6b53 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.979388Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation fbf84695-c9af-489e-91d5-3bce40fa35b2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.966344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 0543fd92-3cd3-4db4-b579-80aa8c87af78 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.947096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 45195ed0-630c-430b-a21e-12d752c8fad0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.778527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 43b8e670-a74e-4cb9-a28e-261bfdbbc7e1 · outbound

This paper cites WiC: the Word-in-Context Dataset for Evaluating Context-Sensitive Meaning Representations.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training WiC: the Word-in-Context Dataset for Evaluating Context-Sensitive Meaning Representations

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.894086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0df6c23e-fc9b-4769-9081-57f182f16ad5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:24.910261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation d835795c-997c-419f-b4c9-d12d589a9529 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.923791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8ee56cdd-3eb5-4061-b4ba-4cec2b6e5035 · outbound

This paper cites Learning to Guide Random Search.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Learning to Guide Random Search

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:24.784943Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 71cb7bfd-6f4b-4edb-bde7-9c4321e7f373 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.696335Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 98500f88-2d9f-4f50-8ce1-070405a4a049 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.684909Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4afd9a8c-2f7e-48e4-bc05-39e12f62aced · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:24.072675Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dbc0d40f-d20b-4402-8597-bc22493a5356 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.673706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7852de1e-feb5-4afa-96e6-2db1be4e211f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.525947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b8f1cef5-5a31-4766-932e-e4e8d387d534 · outbound

This paper cites Certified Zeroth-order Black-Box Defense with Robust UNet Denoiser.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Certified Zeroth-order Black-Box Defense with Robust UNet Denoiser

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:24.129016Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 29e2658a-c7b9-45e0-b2b8-19fd49a9540d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.475366Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation c06804af-d241-40c3-a945-2ef10a3fa75f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.442160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 89a89fd4-1731-4934-aeaf-6312f8ccb7d1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.326157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b7518486-c96c-4c71-aae5-7d3f382ca60f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.181117Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 655a6eda-9484-4f95-90f3-ba2e21601558 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.168978Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 823e0957-3236-43bb-98d2-0e8ed158233a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.157464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ffd84ff1-d7bf-4f83-af1d-24def22051a1 · outbound

This paper cites OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:24.332746Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7047694a-bda3-4feb-b935-59841493b27f · outbound

This paper cites Revisiting Zeroth-Order Optimization for Memory-Efficient LLM Fine-Tuning: A Benchmark.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Revisiting Zeroth-Order Optimization for Memory-Efficient LLM Fine-Tuning: A Benchmark

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:24.370210Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ff81d90e-7311-4ba5-a83e-2a36b7162439 · outbound

This paper cites Dynamic Sparse No Training: Training-Free Fine-tuning for Sparse LLMs.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Dynamic Sparse No Training: Training-Free Fine-tuning for Sparse LLMs

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:24.438600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d64a4db1-b4a7-49e1-9565-9fb6a09ca24e · outbound

This paper cites Second-Order Fine-Tuning without Pain for LLMs:A Hessian Informed Zeroth-Order Optimizer.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Second-Order Fine-Tuning without Pain for LLMs:A Hessian Informed Zeroth-Order Optimizer

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:24.489666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 733ef120-6b0b-48e2-a1a4-802511e91231 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:25.138988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 394dadb7-6a4e-4249-a76e-7a7852a61d6a · outbound

This paper cites In 2017 30th IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC).

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training In 2017 30th IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC)

Reference 2017

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:26.023882Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation dce280ec-b375-4f3c-8a5f-d0e8b29e84e6 · outbound

This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.15751 (2024).

Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.15751 (2024)

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:38:23.879859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 8d40b46a-cd37-4053-bc70-fd00bcda05d6 · inbound

RCR-Router: Efficient Role-Aware Context Routing for Multi-Agent LLM Systems with Structured Memory cites this paper.

RCR-Router: Efficient Role-Aware Context Routing for Multi-Agent LLM Systems with Structured Memory Perturbation-efficient Zeroth-order Optimization for Hardware-friendly On-device Training

Reference 2025

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T23:47:37.914593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.