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Evidence for Dynamical Dark Matter
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abstract
The nature of dark matter is one of the most fundamental questions in cosmology. Using the cosmic microwave background (CMB), type Ia supernova (SN) and DESI's new measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), we find the robust $\sim2\,\sigma$ evidences of the evolution of dark matter in the dynamical dark matter (DDM) model, $\omega_{dm}(a)=\omega_{dm0}+\omega_{dma}(1-a)$. Based on CMB data, we find a very strong linear relation $\omega_{dma}=-\omega_{dm0}$, inducing the single-parameter DDM model, $\omega_{dm}(a)=\omega_{dm}a$, where the $\sim2\,\sigma$ DDM evidences is well captured and even strengthened. We demonstrate that there are beyond $2\,\sigma$ evidences of the coexistence of DDM and dynamical dark energy using the combinations of CMB, DESI BAO and Pantheon+ SN data. In such models, at a beyond $5\,\sigma$ confidence level, we verify that the universe remains in a matter-dominated state for a substantial period in the past, accelerate in the distant future and finally becomes completely dominated by dark matter. We propose that the ultimate fate of the universe is the ``Super Rip'' induced by dark matter with an extremely negative pressure. Our findings fundamentally challenge the prevailing understanding of cosmic acceleration and deepen our insight into the universe's evolution.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Accelerating scaling solutions from dark matter particle creation
Accelerating scaling attractors without dark energy appear only when the interaction is controlled by DM density and energy flows from DM to a barotropic fluid.
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Exploring non-cold dark matter in a scenario of dynamical dark energy with DESI DR2 data
Using DESI DR2, Planck, and supernova data, a nonzero dark matter equation of state is preferred at 2.8 to 3.3 sigma only when dark energy is assumed to have a constant equation of state.
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Hermitian formulation for mass dimension one fermions: Flat and curved space-times
A Hermitian, one-loop-renormalizable derivative Higgs portal for Elko dark matter is presented, along with a path-integral route toward a curved-space completion.
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ACT DR6 Leads to Stronger Evidence for Dynamical Dark Matter
A joint analysis of ACT DR6, DESI DR2 BAO and DESY5 supernovae finds a 3.4σ preference for dark matter with an evolving equation of state, but the significance is sensitive to model choice and data selection.
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Topological defects as effective dynamical dark energy
A few percent domain-wall component gives a mild (Δχ² = -1.72) improvement over ΛCDM when fitting DESI DR2 BAO and DESY5 supernovae, but the evidence is inconclusive.
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