Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:23:06.333858Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 55 of 55 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.15438.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:23:06.333858Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-01T00:46:05.716800Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
55 of 55 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 94074f43-97c1-4e1f-99e0-c20e58a30b07 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 49bd4ac5-9706-4dff-b985-23128e1c04ee · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Massively multilingual neural machine translation
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 98e9389b-99f0-41a8-9def-fa7db7523263 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation BBC-Oxford British Sign Language Dataset
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dea662ce-c2c8-40c5-ae32-2d89245c5464 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Gesture and the nature of language
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation b4d525b8-f28b-4727-a890-9f87b0317dfb · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Curriculum learning
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 1aee6a05-75d6-4098-9fb3-33068837b8c3 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Weakly supervised deep detection networks
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation dd086a78-04c6-4f96-b7aa-43ea9dc87049 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Weakly supervised action labeling in videos under ordering constraints
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 3a06c10d-b25e-489b-b69f-0e73dacc196f · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Neural sign language translation
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 64c47a3c-72ae-4a68-ab67-d5315e600fde · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Sign language transformers: Joint end-to-end sign language recognition and translation
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation c8bc0fb9-2713-4d94-91fa-100a45c0b864 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation A simple multi-modality transfer learning baseline for sign language translation
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e2eafffe-1fc8-4e37-8135-517e57f1dc44 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Two-stream network for sign language recognition and translation
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 6f83e5c0-c31e-4990-a7ee-3f97efbbb2b2 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Factorized Learning Assisted with Large Language Model for Gloss-free Sign Language Translation
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 37caf2bb-cd3f-4675-bffa-8720cb529d6f · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Sign language recognition
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 87b9b8b1-526f-425b-b01c-5f2c0c26f312 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation 2M-BELEBELE: Highly Multilingual Speech and American Sign Language Comprehension Dataset
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 292d19d0-f76c-477e-b970-f248f90ff6d4 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Recurrent convolutional neural networks for continuous sign language recognition by staged optimization
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 4365d956-fafe-4704-85c9-5cb0e1288e54 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation How2sign: a large-scale multimodal dataset for continuous american sign language
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e62c9335-56c3-45e6-ab67-166356477d91 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Wildcat: Weakly supervised learning of deep convnets for image classification, pointwise localization and segmentation
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 4f64d961-bfe8-4977-b44a-ed5fe7fb16d7 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Llms are good sign language translators
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation cc8edf0f-23fb-4f08-8121-e5b4ff1075f1 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Connectionist temporal classification: labelling unsegmented sequence data with recurrent neural networks
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 94305373-a620-4284-adac-ab48de57e6de · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Multi-Stream Keypoint Attention Network for Sign Language Recognition and Translation
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b3afc1ae-dcc6-47b4-9f2a-fcae3aeabae4 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation An Efficient Sign Language Translation Using Spatial Configuration and Motion Dynamics with LLMs
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b2fb9ea6-29e6-44ca-bd00-73d1a92544af · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Lost in Translation, Found in Context: Sign Language Translation with Contextual Cues
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation ed6b2db0-34e1-4b59-96a1-04c9bb54aacf · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Visual alignment pre-training for sign language translation
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation ea1c225d-657c-43b1-a70a-a12b50b1fe45 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Cosign: Exploring co- occurrence signals in skeleton-based continuous sign language recognition
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation da41624f-abe9-45c1-be96-8342143aae6a · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Google’s multilingual neural machine translation system: Enabling zero-shot translation
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 9845eb95-dd9a-4751-bcf0-cdaec231bbb9 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation The Kinetics Human Action Video Dataset
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b897704c-da64-4c4a-af1d-1c6777ed543c · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Neural sign language translation based on human keypoint estimation
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 84fdf141-855f-43cc-808b-1c4bbb51e8f8 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Weakly supervised learning with multi-stream cnn-lstm-hmms to discover sequential parallelism in sign language videos
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 6ba61c0d-fe89-42bf-96e1-bd85ace06d3b · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Deep hand: How to train a cnn on 1 million hand images when your data is continuous and weakly labelled
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 2486cb31-7ceb-4fbe-9a73-c49153bf0341 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Re-sign: Re-aligned end-to-end sequence modelling with deep recurrent cnn-hmms
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation a8bf2a48-426f-44d6-b538-09df62dd2657 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Weakly supervised learning of actions from transcripts
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e7d82b47-a3b2-45d0-9ebd-0996b6f63fab · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Tspnet: Hierarchical feature learning via temporal semantic pyramid for sign language translation
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 63ba9a81-51d9-47d4-8881-9e5bf434a665 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Uni-Sign: Toward Unified Sign Language Understanding at Scale
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6381ae43-131a-463e-8bf6-f1077329cf15 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Rouge: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c1dd0223-1a3b-491e-8004-aa03a6811b0c · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation The emerging trends of multi-label learning
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation ca7f5f3e-7dad-4cc7-abc7-7e4dd3d0e757 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Multilingual denoising pre-training for neural machine translation
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 3dc0b7d1-cf89-4d05-9b1f-af362cb4f634 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c2dcd19d-2c51-4d39-913c-cce5f4b4c18f · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Sign language recognition: A deep survey
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 6cc60a1f-cb3f-4da8-bf70-7122eb6df0e9 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Action sets: Weakly supervised action segmentation without ordering constraints
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation c03be741-879d-4e5e-bef9-b34632a7941f · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Towards Privacy-Aware Sign Language Translation at Scale
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4b602d97-c461-44ab-ad9c-883bc5bad755 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Open-Domain Sign Language Translation Learned from Online Video
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 82c97e9f-1c98-46f4-8800-3082f0396d8e · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Deafness and hereditary hearing loss overview
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 4e533603-51e3-4698-9e14-af44fb42ce28 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Sign language translation from instructional videos
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 058c9868-217e-467a-a5c3-bd74e12e3759 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b521654b-f8b0-4b80-8657-521b6d52c64d · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 12e6f126-cae9-45cd-b8cf-db4f4290895e · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Youtube-asl: A large-scale, open-domain american sign language-english parallel corpus
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 6a2151cf-cd2f-4a58-8cc8-18cbeb001860 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation HuggingFace's Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8b9e6990-6a41-4823-9435-4f95df492ee6 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Sign2GPT: Leveraging Large Language Models for Gloss-Free Sign Language Translation
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 72c21ac5-4576-4b8b-914d-ab14b9638e01 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Rethinking spatiotemporal feature learning: Speed-accuracy trade-offs in video classification
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 5800c2f0-a959-4813-aa8a-ed89b5ca68e2 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Sign language translation with iterative prototype
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 738e7f8d-da94-4e0f-b063-7ce50a77ee0d · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Gloss attention for gloss-free sign language translation
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5493eafb-7d4c-4b1e-aa4c-88562c77aa5a · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation SLTUNET: A Simple Unified Model for Sign Language Translation
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d75bed44-8541-4b6c-b964-742f09b10d22 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Conditional sentence generation and cross-modal reranking for sign language translation
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 62227ce4-fa94-4b6f-8099-982c84696a02 · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Gloss-free sign language translation: Improving from visual-language pretraining
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation f9b0732c-5835-4daa-9e90-140aba2c258a · outbound
Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation Improving sign language translation with monolingual data by sign back-translation
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation d9fbc49b-8e0e-4611-a591-dd7a7fdb3e63 · inbound
Sign Language Question Answering: A New Task, Benchmark, and Baseline for Sign Language Understanding Bridging Sign and Spoken Languages: Pseudo Gloss Generation for Sign Language Translation
Reference 239
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.