Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 18 of 18 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.19475.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.19475 v2

Coverage vector

measured 18 of 18 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:44.447421Z

measured 21 of 21 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-21T11:21:30.867480Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-21T11:24:08.689134Z

Reference resolution

18 of 18 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy1
unresolved17
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 807d5c9c-325e-4275-b43c-c5fb24b057f5 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:43.662673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f4a35f45-02bc-4213-9e61-4aff232acf98 · outbound

This paper cites SuperHF: Supervised Iterative Learning from Human Feedback.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection SuperHF: Supervised Iterative Learning from Human Feedback

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:43.978557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c0b18e1d-6719-47ea-b3fb-c519270c0560 · outbound

This paper cites The Entropy Enigma: Success and Failure of Entropy Minimization.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection The Entropy Enigma: Success and Failure of Entropy Minimization

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:44.046534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7f1808f0-f761-4bde-b22c-8a0385d9eb8c · outbound

This paper cites The effect of sampling temperature on problem solving in large language models.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection The effect of sampling temperature on problem solving in large language models

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:44.962617Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 693ddb9e-c624-41dc-aaee-bdf452aec13a · outbound

This paper cites Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:44.208326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 93af7555-85bd-4448-88db-01c371e75911 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:44.288121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2549d4f-86c9-4f5e-bba8-49617eedade3 · outbound

This paper cites Continual Learning for Large Language Models: A Survey.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Continual Learning for Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:44.344757Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69a951f2-45b4-4564-9711-2c0316699745 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond Model Adaptation at Test Time: A Survey.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Beyond Model Adaptation at Test Time: A Survey

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:44.395312Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 06c5c7e8-624a-4d61-877a-f1af05548987 · outbound

This paper cites TTRL: Test-Time Reinforcement Learning.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection TTRL: Test-Time Reinforcement Learning

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:44.447421Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f36fc033-e6de-4467-b241-d481a7ef774f · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 1988

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:43.253745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 159f8971-b300-4993-9824-c833f327f7fd · outbound

This paper cites Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities With Weak Supervision.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities With Weak Supervision

Reference 1992

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:43.075394Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 38e18a3b-642c-459f-8caa-ccc9876c8e26 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Test-Time Compute Without Verification or RL is Suboptimal.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Scaling Test-Time Compute Without Verification or RL is Suboptimal

Reference 2017

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:44.275296Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 08e01256-2de9-41f1-9149-40516eca05f1 · outbound

This paper cites Tent: Fully Test-time Adaptation by Entropy Minimization.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Tent: Fully Test-time Adaptation by Entropy Minimization

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:44.295987Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6b85c2f8-e47f-4d9d-bd4a-e8f099e93c21 · outbound

This paper cites Reinforced Self-Training (ReST) for Language Modeling.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Reinforced Self-Training (ReST) for Language Modeling

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:43.424702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a4e6df7-7e9a-421e-964f-fbba1689d469 · outbound

This paper cites Open-Reasoner-Zero: An Open Source Approach to Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning on the Base Model.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Open-Reasoner-Zero: An Open Source Approach to Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning on the Base Model

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:43.753618Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d435c54c-67a7-453a-8e56-f683ca89d209 · outbound

This paper cites Test-Time Training on Nearest Neighbors for Large Language Models.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Test-Time Training on Nearest Neighbors for Large Language Models

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:43.596078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 58da377b-4834-4a5c-bc68-60066dce9c07 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Test-Time Compute: From Intuitive Inference to Deliberate Reasoning.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection A Survey of Test-Time Compute: From Intuitive Inference to Deliberate Reasoning

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:43.887609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1ea5909-4513-4eaf-87c1-a98325cd8196 · outbound

This paper cites Efficiently Learning at Test-Time: Active Fine-Tuning of LLMs.

Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection Efficiently Learning at Test-Time: Active Fine-Tuning of LLMs

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:17:43.818843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 8c8461f9-393c-4608-9713-a5662f24200b · inbound

Training LLM Agents for Spontaneous, Reward-Free Self-Evolution via World Knowledge Exploration cites this paper.

Training LLM Agents for Spontaneous, Reward-Free Self-Evolution via World Knowledge Exploration Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection

Reference 43

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T12:10:23.467718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 9490c672-7ce5-4cd1-a42a-9df04c413960 · inbound

Epistemic Uncertainty for Test-Time Discovery cites this paper.

Epistemic Uncertainty for Test-Time Discovery Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T01:57:06.136696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 1a97d93e-2d8f-4ce8-9198-cdd718d374a2 · inbound

SOLAR: A Self-Optimizing Open-Ended Autonomous Agent for Lifelong Learning and Continual Adaptation cites this paper.

SOLAR: A Self-Optimizing Open-Ended Autonomous Agent for Lifelong Learning and Continual Adaptation Continuous Self-Improvement of Large Language Models by Test-time Training with Verifier-Driven Sample Selection

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T11:24:08.690998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.