Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:32:48.185044Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 49 of 49 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.21499.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:32:48.185044Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T17:42:06.580319Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
49 of 49 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
0
pith, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z
Observation 02adea46-9771-4b5e-8bcf-77173f566d94 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Multistakeholder recommendation: Survey and research directions.User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 30:127–158, 2020
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 1a6864f1-2e67-4eb3-9b46-f71e872d674d · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Agent S: An Open Agentic Framework that Uses Computers Like a Human
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5994e4c0-29a0-41bf-8649-c1145b4ad959 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Agent S2: A Compositional Generalist-Specialist Framework for Computer Use Agents
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ec2cae38-7284-4ed0-ba86-15fda12614c5 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Claude 3.7 sonnet and claude code
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 9c5d580e-b4a8-46ef-8fd8-a2e975952329 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Introducing computer use, a new claude 3.5 sonnet, and claude 3.5 haiku
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation f2c31fbc-821e-42fe-bdd7-19e4ef8a4a10 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Image Hijacks: Adversarial Images can Control Generative Models at Runtime
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 78f29664-af3c-4df7-a485-f1b99952e8df · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Windows Agent Arena: Evaluating Multi-Modal OS Agents at Scale
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation efeef950-c75a-45ce-889f-78c30ed811d8 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery The BrowserGym Ecosystem for Web Agent Research
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 39d8b4c8-d9d6-4b7b-92bd-aa0777b596ee · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Mind2web: Towards a generalist agent for the web.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:28091–28114, 2023
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7cac5f28-fb64-4d55-a5e2-9a0e89ba89ac · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Figstep: Jailbreaking large vision-language models via typographic visual prompts
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 01c415f8-c43a-4b6b-9345-79ef2de2b218 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Chrome devtools protocol
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 9c587fa5-f67a-4ef4-a725-7c87adb90fc1 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Google adsense
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 52a1af71-f51a-4ced-abe0-eaa4decde681 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Agent Smith: A Single Image Can Jailbreak One Million Multimodal LLM Agents Exponentially Fast
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 70eddcdc-6ad3-468e-84d3-2ccfa57e43f3 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Cogagent: A visual language model for gui agents
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 02d142aa-3a58-466f-8bc4-7634cb758e85 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Black-Box Vision-Language Models
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c5111043-8f04-4485-ab8d-d35e1f7d3df4 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery GPT-4o System Card
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 520bc282-6beb-4f2f-8cd1-ada76ba650bb · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery AgentStore: Scalable Integration of Heterogeneous Agents As Specialized Generalist Computer Assistant
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3bec3b50-6529-4c38-a585-7f7717871340 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Visualwebarena: Evaluating multimodal agents on realistic visual web tasks
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5025ef50-4d7e-4305-a6c2-76d0b3b21a21 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Refusal-Trained LLMs Are Easily Jailbroken As Browser Agents
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 50f6281d-82f2-4fc0-9790-5737a57721f6 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Infant Agent: A Tool-Integrated, Logic-Driven Agent with Cost-Effective API Usage
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0e911604-e191-4c5b-bf5f-d0e7be0c5a83 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Images are achilles’ heel of alignment: Exploiting visual vulnerabilities for jailbreaking multimodal large language models
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c729bc3f-a293-4bc3-8128-1712a3039f81 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Knowing your enemy: understanding and detecting malicious web advertising
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation fcd96ad3-c25e-4a25-aa05-89d835ff21d4 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Revisiting Backdoor Attacks against Large Vision-Language Models from Domain Shift
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2e65e343-13c3-4f12-8f4f-76f95bbf1407 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery EIA: Environmental Injection Attack on Generalist Web Agents for Privacy Leakage
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2493c814-6798-4d7a-aff9-4d6ea415c649 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Prompt Injection attack against LLM-integrated Applications
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9a43ece5-ba9f-4e6e-b2c3-3510e0504774 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Caution for the Environment: Multimodal LLM Agents are Susceptible to Environmental Distractions
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b8cb2fac-d8f4-4d59-87a0-49cf568890ee · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Dismantling Common Internet Services for Ad-Malware Detection
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation e1e38ebc-2231-43ba-9513-42c0ccf02712 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Ignore Previous Prompt: Attack Techniques For Language Models
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 29d85fb2-21b7-4b48-a18f-0579483eaad0 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Visual adversarial examples jailbreak aligned large language models
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 750fbfa9-7ac9-4f58-b1a9-bc19cac5bf8d · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dfc4191a-39f9-430a-8daf-0ffadf667db0 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Are these ads safe: Detecting hidden attacks through the mobile app-web interfaces
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 26a7c483-690f-4473-b789-24661a37b5f5 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery On the adversarial robustness of multi-modal founda- tion models
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 62ff27eb-0e46-4fbd-9f8f-ff42e9ce7b63 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Learn-by-interact: A Data-Centric Framework for Self-Adaptive Agents in Realistic Environments
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6b71479d-68f2-40e7-ba8a-a492489dd1ea · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery OSCAR: Operating System Control via State-Aware Reasoning and Re-Planning
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 16a89186-f795-4956-90d8-ea3782446696 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Stop Reasoning! When Multimodal LLM with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Meets Adversarial Image
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f9c95495-48fb-4d61-966a-c7c9d4db8112 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Dissecting adversarial robustness of multimodal lm agents
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation f6bb0f48-7996-4402-b662-c0a11ddabdd6 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Osworld: Benchmarking multimodal agents for open-ended tasks in real computer environments.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37:52040–52094, 2024
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dea2d02b-e66d-4933-afd6-4ec4a4e03765 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery AdvAgent: Controllable Blackbox Red-teaming on Web Agents
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 97ad8368-262c-479c-8e01-f593cccf9a0a · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Aguvis: Unified Pure Vision Agents for Autonomous GUI Interaction
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 797eb615-231f-49a8-8887-90c7f2de5345 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Shadowcast: Stealthy Data Poisoning Attacks Against Vision-Language Models
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e5bad653-fdaa-49ea-9e2a-c1d68e4c46c3 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Vlattack: Multimodal adversarial attacks on vision-language tasks via pre-trained models.Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 36:52936–52956, 2023
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 8259e65d-1d8b-4d59-bd4e-360872caf8b8 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery ExACT: Teaching AI Agents to Explore with Reflective-MCTS and Exploratory Learning
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c4f0e0b4-ddec-4a8b-b1de-4c23753001de · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Internet Advertising: An Interplay among Advertisers, Online Publishers, Ad Exchanges and Web Users
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation ee1a1c8b-c124-473e-80e3-00558711f5a5 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Towards adversarial attack on vision-language pre- training models
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 949c304c-15fb-4565-9ef2-fd745501a9c4 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Udora: A unified red teaming framework against llm agents by dynamically hijacking their own reasoning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.01908, 2025
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 22c533b9-0d1d-4f0b-9559-2b9eb12de8af · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Attacking Vision-Language Computer Agents via Pop-ups
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2c1f4812-5adb-49b1-be15-70590af86d9a · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 36da1682-7e79-4b29-ab60-5cf5cfd18513 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 5d810624-e389-41b3-85c1-da5a6e95dbd1 · outbound
AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery PR You are a professional ad content optimization expert, aiming to attract users to click on the ’Close AD’ button
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation bf469bc2-a70c-4199-a2ae-9f541b9cd4d9 · inbound
SecureWebArena: A Holistic Security Evaluation Benchmark for LVLM-based Web Agents AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 22822686-94ed-400f-9069-6dea1fcc8a72 · inbound
MIRAGE: Stealthy Visual Prompt Injection for Vulnerability Detection in Web Agents AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 593f5839-afb9-4175-822f-a50c9e2e8399 · inbound
Prismata: Confining Cross-Site Prompt Injection in Web Agents AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery
Reference 76
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 1142396f-0fe4-428f-bee7-3bece7f94629 · inbound
LoginTrap: Uncovering Task-Agnostic Phishing-Style Indirect Prompt Injection Attacks against LLM-based Web Agents AdInject: Real-World Black-Box Attacks on Web Agents via Advertising Delivery
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.