Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:33:43.759622Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 58 of 58 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.21503.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:33:43.759622Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T17:15:00.931700Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-11T16:01:23.062157Z
58 of 58 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 1887e20e-daf4-4a2d-9f0a-2dc4b2a2b88b · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making GPT-4 Technical Report
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ee68a9f8-d008-4b2b-bafc-1ac997f3a02b · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Closed-mindedness and insulation in groupthink: their effects and the devil’s advocacy as a preventive measure.Journal of Computational Social Science, 4:455–478, 2021
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 9d0096d9-dae7-4dcb-8cec-c52da4736bca · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Benchmarking large language models on answering and explaining challenging medical questions
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1e579b2f-4f79-49d3-9591-c8830696a1d0 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making HuatuoGPT-o1, Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9ba6a149-19e2-4db9-ae49-78e16990c86d · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Enhancing diagnostic capability with multi-agents conversational large language models
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 43eb5614-d7f2-4b85-8d93-6452f46f3c03 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making MedPrompt: Cross-modal prompting for multi-task medical image translation
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 3af6e91e-1222-4812-9695-6ac7f9a26594 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Claude 3.5 Sonnet, 2024
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 2698ca4a-5f26-405f-b25c-99c2cab57a69 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Cognitive interventions to reduce diagnostic error: a narrative review
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 74493535-e24a-4d6c-9ed1-43e74696fb4a · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making The Llama 3 Herd of Models
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ab2dbaa6-af55-4f3e-95d6-bf427283bc85 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3e016f5c-b8d0-4672-86eb-2eac8befff73 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making PathVQA: 30000+ Questions for Medical Visual Question Answering
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 51c7c498-b6b1-4066-b379-3a5245e0f52b · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2d127683-7138-4b89-8939-e0c06fa8cb53 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Thinking more wisely: using the socratic method to develop critical thinking skills amongst healthcare students
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation e65657eb-414d-4481-ac8b-7488282ecb2b · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Groupthink: Psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes, volume 349
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 8779205e-8297-4972-a920-253679b2c77f · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making What disease does this patient have? A large-scale open domain question answering dataset from medical exams.Applied Sciences, 11(14):6421, 2021
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation e408ebe9-7b1e-4571-b647-b8511bf45dd4 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answering
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 727c12ee-70e6-4093-86ed-11d05321ab2a · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making DEBATE: Devil’s advocate-based assessment and text evaluation
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation ab519dfe-d7b1-4e43-bb47-888c414df8d3 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making MDAgents: An adaptive collaboration of LLMs for medical decision-making
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 840a9aee-0103-4034-9cc7-08e2094eff3c · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making MedExQA: Medical Question Answering Benchmark with Multiple Explanations
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7a83bd8a-bd62-453e-9eba-6c2c359605ec · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e9258f14-e6f7-44e0-81db-b502c2b67f46 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making MedCoT: Medical Chain of Thought via Hierarchical Expert
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 220f9583-c0b6-4f05-9cd2-a1fcc9c597c0 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Breaking mental set to improve reasoning through diverse multi-agent debate
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation bab4ba26-bad7-464b-aab9-85a13f201f10 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making BioMedGPT: An open multimodal large language model for biomedicine
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation ada06c35-53a5-483e-8aa5-d15276c2603f · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making The Devil’s Advocate: A strategy to avoid groupthink and stimulate discussion in focus groups
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 0b8bca8d-76dc-4a5f-92bc-679da0308186 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Self-Refine: Iterative refinement with self-feedback
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 200a6deb-8d42-48ee-8f56-18f0512038b7 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making The enigma of reason
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation eb339dc2-c297-469f-8f65-53661faee490 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Devil’s advocate versus authentic dissent: Stimulating quantity and quality
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 2f0cb565-9dd8-496c-a43b-fa8877be64cd · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Dissent as driving cognition, attitudes, and judgments
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 51c1cd0c-206e-4a52-9347-7fdcb375b5a2 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problems
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 747b6fbb-7f71-4069-8d6c-64309a3dd812 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making GPT-4o mini: advancing cost-efficient intelligence, 2024
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation cba55855-b92c-4def-8339-985a191505b5 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Hello GPT-4o, 2024
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 7b533201-8257-4350-958f-f03c83ed4bb4 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making OpenAI o1-mini, 2024
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 7f1388b6-2842-4dab-ac1f-b7e621026b6e · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making OpenAI o3-mini, 2025
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 4b6a17e3-46c1-4c62-84b0-b5f36231cf87 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making MedMCQA: A large-scale multi- subject multi-choice dataset for medical domain question answering
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 45748a87-3499-4df4-a6a6-7bafa6c41d4c · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Unresolved cited work
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation e5c7377c-1fd3-4361-bfcf-70840502d550 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making QwQ-32B: Embracing the power of reinforcement learning, 2025
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 970d3c6f-ca6b-4350-8754-de3bb49d3f04 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making The voice of science: let’s agree to disagree
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 46f6c17f-550f-43c9-8fcf-37ba28430388 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Large language models encode clinical knowledge
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f85a2868-efcc-45c4-82ec-8e895315228d · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making MedicalAgentsBench for Complex Medical Reasoning: Comparing Internalized Reasoning Models versus Externalized Agent-based Frameworks
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 12cd07cb-e8ef-41d0-8218-c3d2b9f698c2 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making MedAgents: Large Language Models as Collaborators for Zero-shot Medical Reasoning
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 24bfe449-e53f-4e0d-aec2-224d75561c5e · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Baichuan-M1: Pushing the Medical Capability of Large Language Models
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c2e82d44-c983-4f2f-a681-67a53ae7a732 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Beyond Direct Diagnosis: LLM-based Multi-Specialist Agent Consultation for Automatic Diagnosis
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation de277c76-d040-458b-a655-c1fde90bfba8 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Devil’s advocate: Anticipatory reflection for LLM agents
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 57212c26-9526-4d78-8b6f-a430469948f6 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Rethinking the bounds of LLM reasoning: Are multi-agent discussions the key? Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 8b7e8673-ec74-49dd-b636-131823761176 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 18abbb83-5fbf-4671-bb3d-b4281f607fd7 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making MMLU-Pro: A more robust and challenging multi-task language understanding benchmark
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 4b2d2bc9-b02e-43c3-8cde-ae14ad1ecc25 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Unleashing the Emergent Cognitive Synergy in Large Language Models: A Task-Solving Agent through Multi-Persona Self-Collaboration
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b5809349-3ff6-44b1-b626-2070bcb8c89d · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 55a6e36b-5ae0-4576-88be-eaddb5fb0a57 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversation
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation cc883a55-c1da-4ca6-9462-8a4821400300 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Self-Supervised Prompt Optimization
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fc20d195-5f28-4b75-b4b2-ea1b0e721b18 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making AFlow: Automating agentic workflow generation
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 4d7183c3-cb1c-4c63-82c1-02606ff1116e · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making PMC-VQA: Visual Instruction Tuning for Medical Visual Question Answering
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8e028630-6711-4ab9-bda1-220f6c05f54c · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making Towards efficient LLM grounding for embodied multi-agent collaboration
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a4d01c4d-8b62-4bf9-a0f4-2baa36503564 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making MedXpertQA: Benchmarking Expert-Level Medical Reasoning and Understanding
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1fe2e203-306f-4d9d-9284-3fd7dabc5964 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making - Check for muscle weakness or atrophy in the shoulder, arm
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 8c5793b8-9977-4998-8eb4-254d71f03b01 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making - Perform EMG
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation e543fe0d-41bb-4b16-95e7-9f47eb51889e · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making deformities, asymmetry, muscle bulging, or a dropped shoulder
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 8d037e57-8746-44b3-b328-17c1ce5535c3 · outbound
Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making sauna bathing,\
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.
Observation 7e22b06d-b807-4999-bd6d-38bbf41b4ea0 · inbound
Free-MAD: Consensus-Free Multi-Agent Debate Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5bc394d0-a237-4f38-a81f-9734e882ff89 · inbound
Position: Safety and Fairness in Agentic AI Depend on Interaction Topology, Not on Model Scale or Alignment Silence is Not Consensus: Disrupting Agreement Bias in Multi-Agent LLMs via Catfish Agent for Clinical Decision Making
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.