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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 17 of 17 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.23224.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.23224 v3

Coverage vector

measured 17 of 17 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:29.026308Z

measured 19 of 19 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T19:13:07.305914Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-12T08:40:41.536822Z

Reference resolution

17 of 17 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy5
  • unresolved12
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 49c66420-6937-47b8-b55c-720867af52fe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:30.633690Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.398108Z digest=sha256:30ddab67fff6a423f4a3b8e9fa08d89c98706fb33884964b5293b99c8d7c9c9d

Observation c59d1132-dec6-4834-a8bb-7ad1cc89fa0a · outbound

This paper cites High-Dimensional Continuous Control Using Generalized Advantage Estimation.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration High-Dimensional Continuous Control Using Generalized Advantage Estimation

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:28.220530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.220530Z digest=sha256:9ca4d1e56f4b2eee373bdf5894fcb569de4760e9fb6e5e7c5d82ff3b1c246349

Observation 812c28b7-76cc-4be2-b8a7-6234dd847183 · outbound

This paper cites SaySelf: Teaching LLMs to Express Confidence with Self-Reflective Rationales.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration SaySelf: Teaching LLMs to Express Confidence with Self-Reflective Rationales

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:28.308636Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.308636Z digest=sha256:f1a6f54ed999e94cd52cc22a89cd3f9ad282f094f6db0a9d74a196a68f7b6bcf

Observation 7ad15cee-895d-4af0-a40a-8459c84c96ef · outbound

This paper cites Redundant Irrelevant Image level.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Redundant Irrelevant Image level

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:29.993691Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.554260Z digest=sha256:218b5743ebbec6c7f4f48ec210a80fd9dc4e127ac9bb45d39f205aea90dda62a

Observation 1e8bb56f-cefd-40e7-842f-becb4bceb7e7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:30.601889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.481820Z digest=sha256:89e5514f6e75e5fee7a175b6aa00854a149f8f1a8cc9944833d67ce34b94f3e8

Observation 9bdea4ae-fe92-47ad-9d51-ac20bfbc417e · outbound

This paper cites Reasoning level.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Reasoning level

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:30.513452Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.512800Z digest=sha256:12ca364926e331e4bc89abcf89c8311e33bfad9dce4423ce10cd8995331aba80

Observation 47a6196a-c523-4fef-9c82-737d9d227d0d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:30.340358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.536211Z digest=sha256:615f678ba0ab09b42d3a3f0227660a11c08313e74dbfbaf6a7fa43a37b932df9

Observation b6814462-e423-42c5-ad3f-bc7dae30fa56 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:30.159420Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.543950Z digest=sha256:6f938b88cef7b698b6d9da0102fd7624c72ef0a1c9d707f833e7938776003eee

Observation 53d8b652-9cdd-4698-a76f-d571f48874ad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:30.067472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.549168Z digest=sha256:3bae687c947465fae25855937853485a67f34fe6edc6e00730c6f2307890ace3

Observation 961d92cc-05f6-43d7-a195-5929b00abc2a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:29.858290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.574672Z digest=sha256:cf83f774ecef8f88e1034ec6f24fd2a70189f3d33e5b328a16f59735ba324d88

Observation f0a58322-3584-4064-9ce7-33b25bc62b3b · outbound

This paper cites Reasoning level.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Reasoning level

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:29.760820Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.653227Z digest=sha256:95428b75c2144fa6810549786d9304f4a5fb85bbe5666ade1b32ab97a490ebfd

Observation 51d48e39-7265-4806-b439-827697644e02 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:29.612584Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.713226Z digest=sha256:e4d90690d8a0f79e695d7121c966e4d317cb68e08fc5b03e548c11d41c9b45c0

Observation acb28308-9f71-4f26-93e4-f3840fb2fdef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:29.534011Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.792363Z digest=sha256:ed1af87ba8c5e4ebde77a1fdb651eb21a3db9ad895a201b7fd5da1dcdf324b84

Observation 8749886e-8e25-4e72-a5e9-24da787bd34b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:29.437008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.875387Z digest=sha256:733ff1ca6803dcd38a4748e79d12fac099c633499a6254da333d685e85d7b84c

Observation 27026dae-05dc-4b0a-9197-c44c7ea49b35 · outbound

This paper cites Filter Generate Quality Evaluate Figure 5: The Annotation Pipeline.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Filter Generate Quality Evaluate Figure 5: The Annotation Pipeline

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:29.277821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.945483Z digest=sha256:598e579f9a1782a601983cffc6cf68256065031ac2fe05633f25d295ef57ad67

Observation 9e728fb2-363b-4aeb-9959-0406389880d6 · outbound

This paper cites matches.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration matches

Reference 2022

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:29.147598Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:29.026308Z digest=sha256:b5e752db362b187f4993d2414f1fb676ec4b036966163ce1cd8074909f3c6e58

Observation b1ae971d-ff62-41bb-a7ad-e3d8e4e8eaa9 · outbound

This paper cites Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey.

MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 2024

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:56:28.154423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:56:28.154423Z digest=sha256:17c34038ce38ca1c2648e12a238192a82fdad402bc0063aa06af9aaa6b4d3592

Pith citing papers

Observation 090ab820-c4d3-4483-8209-f3f36d0870cd · inbound

Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language Models cites this paper.

Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language Models MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration

Reference 257

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T08:40:41.539642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-12T08:40:40.910461Z digest=sha256:dd4eb45623194a5b039eb8d9d4daa06969e26a7c63896c92ced57b16cece118f

Observation f0b45348-e724-41f4-9fb8-c0346ff4b74b · inbound

CultureCLIP: Empowering CLIP with Cultural Awareness through Synthetic Images and Contextualized Captions cites this paper.

CultureCLIP: Empowering CLIP with Cultural Awareness through Synthetic Images and Contextualized Captions MMBoundary: Advancing MLLM Knowledge Boundary Awareness through Reasoning Step Confidence Calibration

Reference 2025

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:13:07.305914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T19:13:07.305914Z digest=sha256:0c314712d94b1d7b3d396ced777b3830e950914f88f365f696484df4a158486f