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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.07540.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.07540 v1

Coverage vector

measured 47 of 47 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.184797Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

47 of 47 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy41
  • unresolved6
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation be7acd56-15bf-4d7c-b7db-2242a2a16ff5 · outbound

This paper cites Active road user interactions with autonomous vehicles: Proactive safety as- sessment.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Active road user interactions with autonomous vehicles: Proactive safety as- sessment

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation b33fcacc-fa5e-4f35-ba08-a9a0bc5e6a27 · outbound

This paper cites Safety assessment of autonomous cars using verification tech- niques.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Safety assessment of autonomous cars using verification tech- niques

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.944889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation abce1b1c-5580-4f88-a494-3c83000c5aa3 · outbound

This paper cites Proba- bilistic collision estimation system for autonomous vehicles.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Proba- bilistic collision estimation system for autonomous vehicles

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.927909Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation d5eeaaa1-5210-4840-b7dc-bf8a860c6a5c · outbound

This paper cites Methodological challenges of scenario genera- tion validation: a rear-end crash-causation model for virtual safety assessment.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Methodological challenges of scenario genera- tion validation: a rear-end crash-causation model for virtual safety assessment

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 91569d27-5a5d-4ec1-b454-1412672d3196 · outbound

This paper cites The economic and societal impact of motor vehicle crashes, 2019.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations The economic and societal impact of motor vehicle crashes, 2019

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.892149Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:52.976192Z digest=sha256:9a471ad2659641d79f16e247f44eba5593b893eba8015ed6f644e38e2c318725

Observation c5b2d370-e286-4003-ab95-e0bba13820db · outbound

This paper cites Residual crush energy partitioning, normal and tangential en- ergy losses.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Residual crush energy partitioning, normal and tangential en- ergy losses

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.874616Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:52.981220Z digest=sha256:ce2b7bcc4d0ebdd744b2c776cbffc7d4664ce2f9b24d8301a965038c8a13cef7

Observation 961ad0fa-5280-4014-8878-66e316f78a3f · outbound

This paper cites An evaluation of bicycle- specific agility and reaction times in mountain bikers and road cyclists.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations An evaluation of bicycle- specific agility and reaction times in mountain bikers and road cyclists

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.859015Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:52.986184Z digest=sha256:0d7bf15c4c3faea741509f3b0681c37786667c395f9d47c10c3085711b57f96f

Observation 50adfb5b-4d2c-452d-bb27-b18b2e00088a · outbound

This paper cites Counterfactual simulations applied to shrp2 crashes: The ef- fect of driver behavior models on safety benefit estimations of intelligent safety systems.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Counterfactual simulations applied to shrp2 crashes: The ef- fect of driver behavior models on safety benefit estimations of intelligent safety systems

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.842512Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:52.991480Z digest=sha256:6ce7be1f9714d8c8476d7e79082f6e030f72867e9f0c8e794859ca5b58177c55

Observation 88ef0197-d36b-402a-8569-df22d05a3ac9 · outbound

This paper cites nuscenes: A multi- modal dataset for autonomous driving.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations nuscenes: A multi- modal dataset for autonomous driving

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:52.996008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:52.996008Z digest=sha256:e37b8ed9fafda5ff2b7d78a88b7b12b5b72fa1eb048098b495bae7a1f944b133

Observation 5f0d2761-5a54-4943-a6b6-6ab5b0b56757 · outbound

This paper cites Cummings and Ben Bauchwitz.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Cummings and Ben Bauchwitz

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.815738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.001148Z digest=sha256:5240572247ee5f15cfa24a40ee224ec069489fa4db40deb84de2db663b03c126

Observation ec2ee57f-1c72-4e6e-b9c9-a5d22d17973d · outbound

This paper cites Muttart, Darlene E.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Muttart, Darlene E

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.798984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.006183Z digest=sha256:22be756329ddcf4dd7f5165fe66c965993d06eea80a1161094bf0f501db23f71

Observation b036dfbb-1b10-4e37-81bb-a493e670f9a4 · outbound

This paper cites Modeling road user response timing in naturalistic traffic conflicts: A surprise-based framework.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Modeling road user response timing in naturalistic traffic conflicts: A surprise-based framework

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.781740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.010895Z digest=sha256:88c14ca58292238b098b47e3a0512d413463295f9cb57c8c243bd4f24ad99f59

Observation e9a88196-7b93-4365-94c3-a7f33a95b7e5 · outbound

This paper cites Description of the shrp 2 naturalistic database and the crash, near-crash, and baseline data sets.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Description of the shrp 2 naturalistic database and the crash, near-crash, and baseline data sets

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.765877Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.015974Z digest=sha256:6f01fcf2d68a184b185c81ace5d3c16761b88a64d5c97abe76ef254d88b0a67b

Observation f5133cd3-835c-4eec-a4e5-56980aa9e646 · outbound

This paper cites A new com- putational perceived risk model for automated vehicles based on potential collision avoidance difficulty (pcad).

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations A new com- putational perceived risk model for automated vehicles based on potential collision avoidance difficulty (pcad)

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.750261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.020707Z digest=sha256:033a8deec93231011ab56116f84256084154d71be808b75a52fe671b86841d75

Observation f2f2aebc-cd71-44e1-9c45-f0e9b5399763 · outbound

This paper cites GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.025648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.025648Z digest=sha256:4f4cfdeaba38140992581aac3e40a5bcfc94ea85573aa022786223ef2567dac4

Observation bcbf0d78-ff2e-4cce-977c-ec7b7940a046 · outbound

This paper cites Emergency braking performance of motorcycle riders: skill identification in a real-life perception-action task designed for training purposes.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Emergency braking performance of motorcycle riders: skill identification in a real-life perception-action task designed for training purposes

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.734739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.030856Z digest=sha256:08a21c945a8a92b98fd61b2b04e8a7e8b6dbfd45dc833c183d998b72d7810d9f

Observation 3bbcf2aa-aece-49bf-b0fe-bb2f2dd2d260 · outbound

This paper cites Road vehicles — safety of the intended functionality.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Road vehicles — safety of the intended functionality

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.718918Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.036080Z digest=sha256:3afb35e1be9a8023db726357043197734b15a94c98c641b5948285f536eba4e4

Observation 69d25997-1a32-4e72-8903-962e58a55d43 · outbound

This paper cites Road vehicles — functional safety.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Road vehicles — functional safety

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.702867Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.040854Z digest=sha256:e1a3b53ef452909671b130b94b79ba8f3a612c77c83ec3248adabd808550b6c2

Observation 6ea71b7e-56c9-43e8-a1d1-e5088ffa76d1 · outbound

This paper cites Road vehicles — safety and arti- ficial intelligence.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Road vehicles — safety and arti- ficial intelligence

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.685914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.045688Z digest=sha256:796ecc17543669fc77a2360d9b9ef82bca7def092b27b27dc13d4c51dd1341f7

Observation 265b7ab0-901d-4897-9cc5-9525e4060eba · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.670070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.050328Z digest=sha256:75b38e7506222bb2f05beaea4667aedcb19987be7c15b7699c96e28481c72e4c

Observation 01c894a6-a089-4c80-84bf-a782008c94c8 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluation of autonomous driving safety by operational de- sign domains (odd) in mixed traffic.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Evaluation of autonomous driving safety by operational de- sign domains (odd) in mixed traffic

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.654462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.055197Z digest=sha256:90fbde3ddf518ee8146252e144b0bd02fffe4998831199245903a762faad44fb

Observation 224a54ed-55a6-416e-9de6-c5d023f6a76f · outbound

This paper cites Human-like driving behaviour emerges from a risk-based driver model.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Human-like driving behaviour emerges from a risk-based driver model

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.638680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.060005Z digest=sha256:81b7e3ebd4eaa686fa55916e288bdc0e387e36b882b8808b6da6499a42d3c354

Observation 0a63d3be-e4bc-4879-8ae4-4872765b10ca · outbound

This paper cites Breaking the tyranny of net risk metrics for automated vehicle safety.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Breaking the tyranny of net risk metrics for automated vehicle safety

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.621844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.064912Z digest=sha256:9593d2e607e74bc382f7286876779e54e91d0e729c49a20cd57c939dd3dd4ace

Observation c7024e62-4f42-472f-a163-d63acbe4a146 · outbound

This paper cites Kusano, Kurt Beatty, Scott Schnelle, Francesca Favaro, Cam Crary, and Trent Victor.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Kusano, Kurt Beatty, Scott Schnelle, Francesca Favaro, Cam Crary, and Trent Victor

Reference 24

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.606178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.069613Z digest=sha256:b482ecd0048c5e489dcd08d1b986a577844d1935e740eaacec3e6352307c3e31

Observation c11e412e-e3b8-4b3e-a8b2-02274b48ee4d · outbound

This paper cites Framework for a conflict typology including contributing factors for use in ads safety evaluation.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Framework for a conflict typology including contributing factors for use in ads safety evaluation

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.590112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.074399Z digest=sha256:04bdb4f23d687d78155e6f2cd63d8fa598ef5e0be6e497dafef09567ba071ebe

Observation 3a0a912d-573f-4774-b8a6-19242cb10dc6 · outbound

This paper cites Modular vehicle sensing, assisting con- nected system, 2022.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Modular vehicle sensing, assisting con- nected system, 2022

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.574359Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.078932Z digest=sha256:4edde2d5dc5071e4077bc0400be2cafae316f2ca358f7f96b0ca4c8c89e79a13

Observation 196e0543-08e6-4ed2-9291-a5fddc0c5038 · outbound

This paper cites Formal validation of probabilistic collision risk estimation for autonomous driv- ing.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Formal validation of probabilistic collision risk estimation for autonomous driv- ing

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.559084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.084192Z digest=sha256:cd182192005d1f719e08a5434c7078e788dc142e63c91cfcf756f0620951cec4

Observation 1c79877b-8c58-42cd-9e01-04297ac6d566 · outbound

This paper cites A method for predicting crash configurations using counterfac- tual simulations and real-world data.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations A method for predicting crash configurations using counterfac- tual simulations and real-world data

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.542117Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.089171Z digest=sha256:0d31831ac03c02a2aedd2745439f9b890f7580944b2e975fbac51f39e9c46115

Observation 0b3f202c-e4b9-4b85-b161-1f06b82a2401 · outbound

This paper cites Learning autonomous vehicle safety concepts from demonstrations.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Learning autonomous vehicle safety concepts from demonstrations

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.526883Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.093941Z digest=sha256:200c18ebdc819c216cea6cc92d395b138cdea1067fd41aa65af363c7d5e4f8b3

Observation 97169ef8-0eb7-4b4f-a66b-e6d35aa4261a · outbound

This paper cites A farewell to brake reaction times? kinematics-dependent brake response in naturalistic rear-end emergencies.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations A farewell to brake reaction times? kinematics-dependent brake response in naturalistic rear-end emergencies

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.511174Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.099001Z digest=sha256:f82b85425a0c63a78a0a3444b360a387a22c89a1ae69fc1c630c238e8e7c16e1

Observation e9a6addb-04bc-408c-8ec7-7bf3051a5ec2 · outbound

This paper cites Fuzzy surro- gate safety metrics for real-time assessment of rear-end colli- sion risk.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Fuzzy surro- gate safety metrics for real-time assessment of rear-end colli- sion risk

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.495002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.103827Z digest=sha256:fa01aa9a7c23633317346fddcae590d2523d68d3a9a2a21d34c090860bb36ca8

Observation 2b4ba2a6-679a-4172-aebf-6cb930fc2615 · outbound

This paper cites Assessing and explaining collision risk in dynamic environments for autonomous driving safety.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Assessing and explaining collision risk in dynamic environments for autonomous driving safety

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.479219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.109749Z digest=sha256:1ff751fd3fae2129e6ad890d418a7e572062c64b08c3c37a552fa75175cbc662

Observation 4164cd91-5c62-4406-a7f7-985b3439e351 · outbound

This paper cites Val- idation of human benchmark models for automated driving system approval: How competent and careful are they really? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 213:107922, 2025.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Val- idation of human benchmark models for automated driving system approval: How competent and careful are they really? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 213:107922, 2025

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.464179Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.114944Z digest=sha256:b5c5c28ebe68cad1999b9fb806c828b60eaec2e56aa2bf24eefa6a168509ce39

Observation a4ea6ede-bebb-46ad-a98f-d0d409c29c0e · outbound

This paper cites Passenger car safety beyond adas: defining remain- ing accident configurations as future priorities.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Passenger car safety beyond adas: defining remain- ing accident configurations as future priorities

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.448536Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.120284Z digest=sha256:9dfac3f7d904e6a1807fed41a4c95f5c6b566663343c3ab61d6d3ace95c93c2b

Observation e527dd80-eeee-4388-9365-5bc9e0f9781e · outbound

This paper cites Modeling driver risk perception on city roads using deep learning.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Modeling driver risk perception on city roads using deep learning

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.433029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.125261Z digest=sha256:6f877ceb67f20ffaa97fa807ec69c92e4df09aa54e080f473e7480ca89a87725

Observation 89e5ff3d-5608-4609-aeb9-5ff354f69f9b · outbound

This paper cites Scanlon, Kristofer D.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Scanlon, Kristofer D

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.417328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.130389Z digest=sha256:2e0359af532ecd49958104b0f34f81af24980c826189f474507bf834453dcf80

Observation c09cbc57-0052-4043-bdac-450f1a9505a7 · outbound

This paper cites Waymo Public Road Safety Performance Data.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Waymo Public Road Safety Performance Data

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.135401Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.135401Z digest=sha256:1aec9491a413c211cf0ff6c047c371bf4d4146fa054c61901fc252592aa9cb93

Observation 4ab514b2-52b7-4258-8786-b73309a50fcb · outbound

This paper cites On a Formal Model of Safe and Scalable Self-driving Cars.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations On a Formal Model of Safe and Scalable Self-driving Cars

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.140707Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.140707Z digest=sha256:b7c9f0a880b24dc3dbbb3aba7d486eeb8252e014bb29c8dbefbefc1513fa7acc

Observation 02d76665-e174-487e-a2aa-9280a4d435db · outbound

This paper cites Wijayaratna, Navreet Virdi, and Vinayak Dixit.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Wijayaratna, Navreet Virdi, and Vinayak Dixit

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.401875Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.145740Z digest=sha256:af9c5db56b211590286ae5b6765222e87266211733159a0d7dcd5e7859a5ff26

Observation 4575cd96-2fb8-4ceb-8bc7-856526d40b62 · outbound

This paper cites Risk control is not risk adjustment: the zero-risk theory of driver behaviour and its implications.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Risk control is not risk adjustment: the zero-risk theory of driver behaviour and its implications

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.386059Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.151200Z digest=sha256:ce89e4df273dd63e39d2b97686a3949899494ecaec3205e89adc4e4c5e924c4b

Observation f8ff7b81-917e-4a83-8b36-1851630827f2 · outbound

This paper cites Integrated safety: Es- tablishing links for a comprehensive virtual tool chain.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Integrated safety: Es- tablishing links for a comprehensive virtual tool chain

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.368829Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.156256Z digest=sha256:7d1233c3ff8c9dabab6263f07dae2f2f4b292a9741d7ffd79681200c215179a4

Observation 76fed1b3-54a4-4d7d-a263-e2393e577e23 · outbound

This paper cites Safety of autonomous vehicles.Journal of advanced transportation, 2020(1):8867757, 2020.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Safety of autonomous vehicles.Journal of advanced transportation, 2020(1):8867757, 2020

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.352648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.160972Z digest=sha256:a249525a6d0b1886a24b127e5caff7ee6127fb815fe5bb5616f1dca51b2f2cc9

Observation 9f88bdc0-7cb4-4624-95d8-ccd645c19b14 · outbound

This paper cites Criticality metrics for automated driving: A review and suitability analysis of the state of the art.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Criticality metrics for automated driving: A review and suitability analysis of the state of the art

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.335629Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.165780Z digest=sha256:3be184d5e5f79d0803de194bee873d89939f13275b07a77c02b891a9f2198e0a

Observation 207975c2-577d-40aa-b910-20a7025f1d4c · outbound

This paper cites Harmonized approaches for baseline creation in prospective safety performance assess- ment of driving automation systems.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Harmonized approaches for baseline creation in prospective safety performance assess- ment of driving automation systems

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.319469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.170347Z digest=sha256:ebd7b7db3901bbcac921117e4e29a27bb9ceb16eceb6f6d959ef11e9cbe52ac7

Observation 67ab86a7-834e-4bac-802b-594e19ba2fdb · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the in- fluence of simulated road environments on cyclist behavior.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Exploring the in- fluence of simulated road environments on cyclist behavior

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.303342Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.175232Z digest=sha256:aa2ca9291f9ee067ec58601cd98c1702b781d03394977ab40ddb5c963dec0815

Observation d18379e2-99d2-48f0-b4e2-22981dd33972 · outbound

This paper cites Unisim: A neural closed-loop sensor simulator.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations Unisim: A neural closed-loop sensor simulator

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.179988Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.179988Z digest=sha256:f16de9251f9041ee554cb2af19352abcda3cb6f2d39ebbdd2ca2765a6b4dbc7a

Observation 94353861-7a9b-47de-90da-7c1ba3c8561e · outbound

This paper cites How would autonomous vehicles behave in real-world crash scenarios? Accident Analysis and Prevention , 202: 107572, 2024.

Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations How would autonomous vehicles behave in real-world crash scenarios? Accident Analysis and Prevention , 202: 107572, 2024

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:37:53.275294Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T05:37:53.184797Z digest=sha256:d5260b49fa2c3054a1e908b89b5fd47ab11d67e5a750cd12b45fbfcf7e3a6e2c

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.