Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 5 minor 23 references

Roles of Non-switchable Domains and Internal Bias in Electrocaloric and Pyroelectric effects

T0 review · 4 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-07 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read Defect-pinned domains, not internal bias alone, produce the non-switchable polarization that makes pyroelectric and electrocaloric hysteresis loops asymmetric in PZT capacitors.

desk verdict Direct PEE/ECE hysteresis measurements that separate switchable and non-switchable polarization in PZT, with a plausible defect-pinning mechanism that is somewhat more model-dependent than the paper suggests. read the letter →

arxiv 2506.07573 v1 pith:PEHIG4F2 submitted 2025-06-09 cond-mat.mtrl-sci physics.app-ph

Jun Usami , Yuki Okamoto , Hisashi Inoue , Takeshi Kobayashi , Hiroyuki Yamada This is my paper
classification cond-mat.mtrl-sciphysics.app-ph PACS 77.70.-a77.80.Dj
keywords pyroelectriceffectelectrocaloricferroelectricthinfilmsnon-switchablepolarizationdomainpinningimprintvoltageshiftPZTcapacitorsbipolarpulsepoling
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper reports direct measurements of the pyroelectric current and the electrocaloric temperature change as hysteresis loops against bias voltage in 1-micrometer-thick lead zirconate titanate (PZT) capacitors. Both loops are asymmetric along the voltage and response axes, and the paper argues that the response-axis asymmetry cannot be explained by an internal bias alone. Using the values at +10 V and −10 V, the authors isolate a non-switchable polarization component and show that bipolar pulse poling converts it into switchable polarization, identifying defect-induced domain pinning as its origin. They also show that the voltage-axis shift tracks the ratio of non-switchable to switchable polarization, and that aging after pulsing partially re-pins the domains. If this picture is right, pyroelectric and electrocaloric performance can be directionally optimized through controlled poling and defect engineering.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing object is the two-component decomposition of the measured response, $Y(\pm 10\,\mathrm{V}) = \pm Y_{\rm s} + Y_{\rm ns}$, applied to $Y = I_{\rm p}$ (pyroelectric current) and $Y = \Delta T_{\rm sens}$ (electrocaloric temperature modulation). The switchable part $Y_{\rm s}$ is the half-difference of the responses at the two sweep endpoints and the non-switchable part $Y_{\rm ns}$ is the half-sum. The paper combines this decomposition with two operations: applying a DC offset voltage to cancel the voltage-axis shift, which reveals the residual response-axis asymmetry, and applying bipolar triangular pulses, which redistribute charges and remove defect dipoles. The correlated evolution of the ratio $|Y_{\rm ns}/Y_{\rm s}|$ with the voltage-axis shift $V_{\rm sh}$ under pulsing and aging is the evidence that ties the voltage shift to pinned domains.

What would settle it

Measure the pyroelectric hysteresis loop at several maximum voltages beyond ±10 V (for example ±15 V and ±20 V) on the same sample after identical poling, and test whether the extracted non-switchable component $Y_{\rm ns}$ stays constant while the switchable component $Y_{\rm s}$ saturates. If $Y_{\rm ns}$ changes with the sweep range or with sweep history, the assumed decomposition $Y(\pm 10\,\mathrm{V}) = \pm Y_{\rm s} + Y_{\rm ns}$ is not valid and the reported ratio-to-$V_{\rm sh}$ correlation could be an artifact.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that the polarization-axis asymmetry in pyroelectric and electrocaloric hysteresis in PZT thin films is caused by a non-switchable polarization component, and that this component arises from defect-induced domain pinning rather than from fixed dipoles or from a pure internal bias. The authors decompose the measured response $Y$ at the sweep endpoints as $Y(\pm 10\,\mathrm{V}) = \pm Y_{\rm s} + Y_{\rm ns}$, where $Y_{\rm s}$ is the switchable contribution and $Y_{\rm ns}$ is the non-switchable one. Under repeated bipolar triangular pulses, $|Y_{\rm s}|$ grows while $|Y_{\rm ns}|$ shrinks by comparable amounts, which is the signature of pinned domains being released and becoming switchable. The voltage-axis shift $V_{\rm sh}$ changes together with the ratio $|Y_{\rm ns}/Y_{\rm s}|$ both during pulsing and during subsequent aging, so the same pinned domains that create the non-switchable response also create the imprint-like voltage shift. The paper concludes that pyroelectric and electrocaloric output can be enhanced in a preferred direction by depinning domains through controlled poling and by engineering defects.

Load-bearing premise

The quantitative conclusions assume that at +10 V and −10 V the switchable response is fully saturated and linear, and that the non-switchable component is constant across the voltage sweep; if either assumption fails, the extracted split and its correlation with the voltage shift would be biased.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Direct pyroelectric and electrocaloric hysteresis measurements can separate switchable from non-switchable polarization contributions in ferroelectric films, something conventional polarization-voltage loops cannot do because integration hides the non-switchable part.
  • Bipolar pulse poling converts pinned, non-switchable domains into switchable response, increasing both the pyroelectric and electrocaloric signals together, as required by Maxwell's relation.
  • The voltage-axis shift in hysteresis loops can originate from pinned domains rather than purely from interfacial screening, so interpreting imprint as an internal bias alone can be misleading.
  • Aging after pulse poling partially re-pins domains, so the switchable contribution decays while the non-switchable component stays nearly constant, meaning device performance will drift with time.
  • Pyroelectric measurements can serve as a reliable probe of polarization dynamics because their pulse-number and time dependences match the electrocaloric response.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • An extension the paper leaves implicit is that the same $\pm V$ decomposition could be applied to other ferroelectric systems, such as hafnia-based films, to test whether their wake-up effects involve convertible non-switchable polarization; the paper notes that hafnia shows pyroelectric enhancement without electrocaloric enhancement, so simultaneous measurement of both signals would discriminate
  • A testable consequence of the defect-pinning picture is that the non-switchable fraction should increase when oxygen vacancies or acceptor dopants are introduced deliberately, and should decrease after field cycling; measuring $|Y_{\rm ns}/Y_{\rm s}|$ under controlled defect concentrations would tie the ratio to a specific microscopic quantity.
  • Because the decomposition assumes full saturation at $\pm 10\,\mathrm{V}$, a consistency check is to repeat the extraction at different sweep amplitudes; if $Y_{\rm ns}$ stays constant while $Y_{\rm s}$ saturates, the method would generalize to other thicknesses and compositions, and if not, the quantitative conclusions would need a voltage-dependent correction.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 5 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports direct hysteresis measurements of the pyroelectric current (Ip) and the electrocaloric temperature change (ΔTsens) as functions of DC bias in 1-μm-thick Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 capacitors. By decomposing the responses at ±10 V into switchable and non-switchable components, and by applying a DC voltage offset to compensate the internal-bias-induced voltage shift, the authors identify a residual response-axis asymmetry that they attribute to non-switchable polarization. Bipolar pulse cycling is shown to increase the switchable components while decreasing the non-switchable components, which is interpreted as depinning of previously pinned domains. After 100 pulses, time-dependent aging reduces the switchable component while the non-switchable component remains nearly constant, and the voltage-axis shift Vsh evolves in parallel with the ratio |Yns/Ys|. The central claim is that non-switchable polarization originates from defect-induced domain pinning, that this pinned polarization contributes to the voltage shift, and that controlled poling can convert it into switchable response for enhanced PEE and ECE.

Significance. If the central claim holds, the work provides a direct experimental route to separate switchable and non-switchable polarization contributions in pyroelectric and electrocaloric hysteresis, and it offers a concrete mechanism—domain pinning by defects—connecting response-axis asymmetry, voltage-axis shift, and poling history. The simultaneous measurement of PEE and ECE on the same device and the consistency of their pulse-cycling dependencies are notable strengths, as is the absence of fitted free parameters in the main decomposition beyond the experimentally determined offset voltage and heater calibration. The paper also makes a falsifiable prediction: bipolar pulse cycling should convert pinned polarization into switchable response, and aging should partially reverse this conversion. If the endpoint decomposition is validated, the conclusions would be of practical interest for directional poling strategies in ferroelectric coolers and energy harvesters.

major comments (4)
  1. [Section 3.1, Fig. 2(b)] The decomposition Y(±10 V) = ±Ys + Yns is the load-bearing step of the paper, but the manuscript does not establish that +10 V and −10 V are fully saturated, antipodal switchable states with a constant non-switchable contribution at both endpoints. The loops in Fig. 3 are not shown to close at ±10 V, and ±10 V is only about three times the coercive voltage for a 1-μm PZT film. If the switchable branches are still rising at ±10 V, or if Yns depends on voltage or history, then the half-sum and half-difference do not cleanly isolate Yns and Ys. Because the pulse-number dependence in Fig. 4(a), the Vsh-versus-ratio comparison in Figs. 4(b) and 4(d), and the aging interpretation in Fig. 4(c) all use Ys and Yns extracted from this same decomposition, a bias here propagates into every quantitative conclusion. Please report saturation checks—for example, loop closure at the endpoints or measurements extended to higher voltages—and quantify the sensitivity of Ys and Yns to the chosen endpoint voltage.
  2. [Section 3.1, Fig. 2(b)] This is a separate issue from endpoint saturation: even with perfectly saturated endpoints, the extraction of Yns by half-sum at ±10 V will contain an apparent vertical offset if the voltage-axis shift is not fully compensated. The paper needs to clarify whether Ys and Yns are computed from raw loops, from Voffset-compensated loops, or from loops with Voffset re-adjusted for each condition.
  3. [Section 3.3, Figs. 4(c) and 4(d)] Additionally, the 'agrees well' correlation in Fig. 4(d) is presented without a quantitative metric such as a correlation coefficient, slope, or uncertainty estimate. Given that Vsh and |Yns/Ys| are extracted from the same loops, a quantitative assessment is needed to support the claim that the voltage shift is governed by the non-switchable-to-switchable ratio rather than by an unrelated drift of the loop center.
  4. [Section 4, Conclusions]
minor comments (5)
  1. [Section 2, Eq. (2)]
  2. [Section 2, Eq. (1)]
  3. [Fig. 4]
  4. [Section 3.2, Fig. 3]
  5. [Section 1, References]

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: direct measurements and an explicit endpoint model; conclusions are empirically inferred.

full rationale

The paper is an experimental characterization study. Its central claim—that response-axis asymmetry in Ip–V and ΔTsens–V loops signals non-switchable polarization from pinned domains—is not derived from a first-principles calculation, but inferred from direct hysteresis measurements. The endpoint decomposition Y(±10 V) = ±Ys + Yns (Section 2) is an explicit measurement model; Ys and Yns are computed as half-difference and half-sum, so they are descriptive parameters, not predictions of the model. The subsequent pulse-depinning and aging experiments manipulate the physical state and observe simultaneous changes in |Ys|, |Yns|, and Vsh; this is an external, falsifiable cross-check, not a self-consistency loop. The Voffset = 1.8 V cancellation in Sec. 3.1 is a measurement procedure to remove an internal-bias-induced horizontal shift; the remaining vertical offset is read directly from the loop. No equation in the paper reduces to an input: Vsh is measured from coercive voltages, |Yns/Ys| from endpoint values, and the agreement between them is an empirical correlation. The only self-citation [10] provides prior motivation and a qualitative consistency check; the present work's conclusions rest on its own data. The main caveat (possible incomplete saturation at ±10 V) is a validity concern for the model, not a circularity. Therefore no significant circularity is found.

Assumptions & free parameters 2 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central mechanistic story rests on several domain assumptions about linear decomposition, uniform temperature, and the effect of bipolar pulses. The measurement protocol includes a hand-chosen offset voltage and a calibration fit, but no free parameters are fitted to produce the central conclusion; the Ys/Yns split is definitional from measured endpoints. No new entities are introduced.

free parameters (2)
  • Offset compensation voltage Voffset = 1.8 V
    Chosen by hand so coercive voltages in the Ip-V loop become symmetric; the residual Ip-axis shift after this compensation is then attributed to non-switchable polarization. The claim about non-switchable polarization depends on this choice.
  • Heater resistance temperature coefficient dR/dT = 7.00(5) x 10^-3 ohm/K
    Obtained by linear fit to resistance versus temperature data and used to convert lock-in voltages to temperature oscillations. It is a calibration constant, not a central mechanism parameter, but it feeds the absolute coefficient values.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption Response decomposes linearly as Y(±10 V) = ±Ys + Yns.
    The paper defines switchable and non-switchable components as half-difference and half-sum of responses at +10 and -10 V (Section 2). This assumes additivity and that ±10 V captures the full switchable response.
  • domain assumption Thermal diffusion length (~20 um) much larger than film thickness, so temperature is uniform across the PZT.
    Used in Section 2 to justify treating DeltaT2w as the film temperature for pyroelectric coefficient and ECE conversion.
  • standard math Maxwell relation connects pyroelectric and electrocaloric coefficients.
    Invoked in Section 3.2 to interpret simultaneous enhancement of PEE and ECE; a standard thermodynamic relation.
  • domain assumption Bipolar triangular pulses redistribute charges and defects and can eliminate defect dipoles.
    Relied on in Section 3.2 to infer that pulse cycling tests fixed dipoles versus pinned domains; based on cited Refs [19,20].
  • domain assumption One-dimensional heat-transport model converts measured DeltaTsens to electrocaloric coefficient.
    Used in Section 2; model parameters are not given, but central conclusions are qualitative.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Roles of Non-switchable Domains and Internal Bias in Electrocaloric and Pyroelectric effects." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/PEHIG4F2

@misc{pith2026250607573,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Roles of Non-switchable Domains and Internal Bias in Electrocaloric and Pyroelectric effects},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/PEHIG4F2}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2506.07573}
}
abstract

Solid-state cooling and energy harvesting via pyroelectric effect (PEE) and electrocaloric effect (ECE) in ferroelectric thin films could be enhanced beyond their intrinsic ferroelectric response by exploiting the recently observed direction-dependent enhancement of the PEE; however, its microscopic origin remains unknown. Herein, we report direct hysteresis measurements of pyrocurrent ($I_{\rm p}$) and ECE-induced temperature change versus bias voltage in 1-$\mu$m-thick Pb(Zr$_{0.65}$Ti$_{0.35}$)O$_3$ capacitors. Both hysteresis loops exhibit pronounced asymmetries along the voltage and response axes. By superimposing direct current voltage offsets, we isolate a residual $I_{\rm p}$-axis shift, revealing a contribution of non-switchable ferroelectric polarization. This non-switchable polarization can be converted into switchable polarization via poling with bipolar triangular pulses, confirming the governing role of defect-induced domain pinning. After 100 pulses, time-dependent aging was observed for pyroelectric and electrocaloric responses, with the switchable contribution markedly decaying and the non-switchable component remaining nearly constant, indicating partial repinning. The change in voltage-axis shift agrees well with the ratio of non-switchable to switchable polarization, demonstrating that voltage shift also arises from pinned domains. These insights clarify the critical role of non-switchable polarization in the PEE and ECE performance, suggesting strategies to optimize the directional response in ferroelectric devices through controlled poling and defect engineering.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2506.07573 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. (a) Cross-sectional view of the device structure. (b) Temperature dependence of the resistance of the Au/Ti heater and thermometer along with the fitted line. (c),(d) Top views of the device structure showing the measurement setups for the PEE (Ip) and ECE (Vec+s), respectively. insulating layer was deposited, over which an Au/Ti bilayer was patterned. Owing to its temperature-dependent resistance, the Au/Ti bilayer… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. (a) Illustration of an Ip–V hysteresis curve showing that a voltage-axis shift (Vsh) due to internal bias alone produces an apparent offset along the Ip-axis, even without any non-switchable polarization component. (b) Ip versus V − Voffset hysteresis curve measured with Voffset = 1.8 V, showing an offset in the Ip-direction despite the symmetric coercive voltages. offset along the Ip-axis as well [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Hysteresis curves of (a) the PEE (Ip–V ) and (b) the ECE (∆Tsens–V ) measured after repeated applications of bipolar pulse. that unlike the anomalous wake-up effect observed in HfO2 films [22], where the PEE coefficient increased but that of the ECE did not, our PZT films exhibited simultaneous enhancements of both PEE and ECE responses in accordance with Maxwell’s relation [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (1 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: (a) Bipolar-pulse-number dependence of the absolute values of |Ip,s|, |Ip,ns|, |∆Tsens,s|, and |∆Tsens,ns|. (b) Bipolar-pulse-number dependence of Vsh in the PEE and ECE, as compared with |Ip,ns/Ip,s|, |∆Tsens,ns/∆Tsens,s|. (c) Time evolution of |Ip,s| and |Ip,ns|. (d)…

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

23 extracted references · 23 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    R. W. Whatmore. Pyroelectric devices and materials. Reports on Progress in Physics , 49(12):1335–1386, dec 1986

    work page 1986

  2. [2]

    Bowen, and Ya Yang

    Ding Zhang, Heting Wu, Chris R. Bowen, and Ya Yang. Recent Advances in Pyroelectric Materials and Applications. Small, 17(51):2103960, dec 2021

    work page 2021

  3. [3]

    Electrocaloric Cooling: A Review of the Thermodynamic Cycles, Materials, Models, and Devices

    Adriana Greco and Claudia Masselli. Electrocaloric Cooling: A Review of the Thermodynamic Cycles, Materials, Models, and Devices. Magnetochemistry, 6(4):67, nov 2020

    work page 2020

  4. [4]

    Electrocaloric Coolers: A Review

    Alvar Torell´ o and Emmanuel Defay. Electrocaloric Coolers: A Review. Advanced Electronic Materials, 8(6):2101031, jun 2022

    work page 2022

  5. [5]

    Karthik and L

    J. Karthik and L. W. Martin. Pyroelectric properties of polydomain epitaxial Pb(Zr 1−x,Tix)O3 thin films. Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 84(2):024102, jul 2011

    work page 2011

  6. [6]

    Velarde, Ran Gao, Arnoud S

    Shishir Pandya, Gabriel A. Velarde, Ran Gao, Arnoud S. Everhardt, Joshua D. Wilbur, Ruijuan Xu, Josh T. Maher, Joshua C. Agar, Chris Dames, and Lane W. Martin. Understanding the Role of Ferroelastic Domains on the Pyroelectric and Electrocaloric Effects in Ferroelectric Thin Films. Advanced Materials, 31(5):1803312, feb 2019

    work page 2019

  7. [7]

    Zhang, J

    S. Zhang, J. Deliyore-Ram ´ ırez, S. Deng, B. Nair, D. Pesquera, Q Jing, M E Vickers, S Crossley, M Ghidini, G. G. Guzm´ an-Verri, X. Moya, and N. D. Mathur. Highly reversible extrinsic electrocaloric effects over a wide temperature range in epitaxially strained SrTiO 3 films. Nature Materials, 23:639–647, mar 2024

    work page 2024

  8. [8]

    Internal Biasing in Relaxor Ferroelectric Polymer to Enhance the Electrocaloric Effect

    Xiaoshi Qian, Hui-Jian Ye, Tiannan Yang, Wen-Zhu Shao, Liang Zhen, Eugene Furman, Long- Qing Chen, and Qiming Zhang. Internal Biasing in Relaxor Ferroelectric Polymer to Enhance the Electrocaloric Effect. Advanced Functional Materials, 25(32):5134–5139, aug 2015

    work page 2015

Show all 23 references
  1. [9]

    Ceramics International, 50(1):1788–1794, 2024

    Xiaoxu Feng,Ye Zhao, Yanyu Wang, Yujie Xie, Pei Han, Yong Li, and Xihong Hao Enhanced electrocaloric effect in KNN-based ceramic via polymorphic phase transition. Ceramics International, 50(1):1788–1794, 2024

    2024

  2. [10]

    Usami, Y

    J. Usami, Y. Okamoto, H. Inoue, N. Makimoto, T. Kobayashi, and H. Yamada. Directional enhancement of pyroelectricity in Pb(Zr 0.52Ti0.48)O3 films by DC poling. Applied Physics Letters, 126(9):092902, 2025

    2025

  3. [11]

    Grossmann, O

    M. Grossmann, O. Lohse, D. Bolten, U. Boettger, T. Schneller, and R. Waser. The interface screening model as origin of imprint in PbZr xTi1−xO3 thin films. I. Dopant, illumination, and bias dependence. Journal of Applied Physics, 92(5):2680–2687, sep 2002

    2002

  4. [12]

    Lambeck and G.H

    P.V. Lambeck and G.H. Jonker. The nature of domain stabilization in ferroelectric perovskites. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 47(5):453–461, jan 1986. 9

    1986

  5. [13]

    W. L. Warren, D. Dimos, G. E. Pike, K. Vanheusden, and R. Ramesh. Alignment of defect dipoles in polycrystalline ferroelectrics. Applied Physics Letters, 67(12):1689–1691, sep 1995

    1995

  6. [14]

    G. E. Pike, W. L. Warren, D. Dimos, B. A. Tuttle, R. Ramesh, J. Lee, V. G. Keramidas, and J. T. Evans. Voltage offsets in (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O 3 thin films. Applied Physics Letters, 66(4):484–486, jan 1995

    1995

  7. [15]

    W. L. Warren, G. E. Pike, D. Dimos, K. Vanheusden, H.N. Al-Shareef, B. A. Tuttle, R Ramesh, and J T Evans. Voltage Shifts and Defect-Dipoles in Ferroelectric Capacitors. MRS Proceedings, 433:257, feb 1996

    1996

  8. [16]

    Robels and G

    U. Robels and G. Arlt. Domain wall clamping in ferroelectrics by orientation of defects. Journal of Applied Physics, 73(7):3454–3460, apr 1993

    1993

  9. [17]

    Characteristics of Sputtered Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films With Different Layer Configurations and Large Thickness

    Kensuke Kanda, Tsukasa Koyama, Takeshi Yoshimura, Shinichi Murakami, and Kazusuke Maenaka. Characteristics of Sputtered Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films With Different Layer Configurations and Large Thickness. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency C...

    1988

  10. [18]

    Direct Measurement of Pyroelectric and Electrocaloric Effects in Thin Films

    Shishir Pandya, Joshua D Wilbur, Bikram Bhatia, Anoop R Damodaran, Christian Monachon, Arvind Dasgupta, William P King, Chris Dames, and Lane W Martin. Direct Measurement of Pyroelectric and Electrocaloric Effects in Thin Films. Physical Review Applied, 7(3):034025, mar 2017

    2017

  11. [19]

    Genenko, Hans Kungl, Ljubomira Ana Schmitt, and Torsten Granzow

    Julia Glaum, Yuri A. Genenko, Hans Kungl, Ljubomira Ana Schmitt, and Torsten Granzow. De- aging of Fe-doped lead-zirconate-titanate ceramics by electric field cycling: 180 °- vs. non-180 ° domain wall processes. Journal of Applied Physics, 112(3):034103, aug 2012

    2012

  12. [20]

    Evolution of electromechanical properties in Fe-doped (Pb,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O 3 piezoceramics

    Chuan Chen, Yan Wang, Zong-Yue Li, Chun Liu, Wen Gong, Qing Tan, Bing Han, Fang-Zhou Yao, and Ke Wang. Evolution of electromechanical properties in Fe-doped (Pb,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O 3 piezoceramics. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 10(3):587–595, jun 2021

    2021

  13. [21]

    Karthik,R

    Trong Tong, J. Karthik,R. V. K. Mangalam, Lane W. Martin, David G. Cahill, Reduction of the electrocaloric entropy change of ferroelectric PbZr 1−xTixO3 epitaxial layers due to an elastocaloric effect. Physical Review B, 90(9):094116, sep 2014

    2014

  14. [22]

    Shishir Pandya, Gabriel Velarde, Lei Zhang, and Lane W. Martin. Pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects in ferroelectric silicon-doped hafnium oxide thin films. Physical Review Materials, 2(12):124405, dec 2018

    2018

  15. [23]

    Ultrahigh Piezoelectric Response Obtained by Artificially Generating a Large Internal Bias Field in BiFeO 3 –BaTiO3 Lead-Free Ceramics

    Jiamin Lin, Fu Lv, Zijian Hong, Bing Liu, Yongjun Wu, and Yuhui Huang. Ultrahigh Piezoelectric Response Obtained by Artificially Generating a Large Internal Bias Field in BiFeO 3 –BaTiO3 Lead-Free Ceramics. Advanced Functional Materials, 34(22):2313879, may 2024

    2024

Pith tools

Reviewed August 7, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.